摘要:

Soluble cytokine receptors (R) may regulate the activities of the cytokines present. We have studied the occurrence of soluble receptors for the cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in normal pregnant women. Levels of TNFR and IL-2R were higher in retroplacental serum (RPS) than in the corresponding peripheral serum (PS) samples. TNFR, but neither IL-2R nor IL·6R, concentrations in PS from pregnant women were elevated compared to that in nonpregnant women. RPS inhibited TNF-mediated cytotoxicity, with the inhibitory effect being reduced after the removal of 55 kD TNFR from RPS. Our data reveal that soluble cytokine receptors are present in RPS and may contribute to the adjustment of intra-uterine cytokine activities during pregnancy

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000292024

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Fetal heart rate monitoring has been widely used for the early investigation of the fetal outcome in current clinical settings. Interpretation of fetal heart rate tracing is sometimes indecisive, especially when the fetus is premature. In contrast to adults, the frequency analysis of fetal heart rate fluctuations has been unsuccessful. In this study, we succeeded in nonstationary frequency analysis of fetal heart rate fluctuations, using noninvasive Doppler ultrasound to measure beat-to-beat intervals of fetuses. We used an autoregressive method based on a 24-cycle stationarity. A dual peak was observed in the range of 0–0.125 cycles/beat from at least 20 weeks of gestation which increased in the resting state with gestational age. The peak area increased remarkably with fetal movement. The integrated value of the peak area will provide a powerful approach to the understanding of the development of fetal autonomic function and to a new fetal monitorin

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000292025

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The aim of this study was to determine whether there is a gender-related difference in the morbidity and mortality of infants of diabetic mothers. We also wanted to identify risk factors associated with adverse pregnancy outcome, and create a perinatal morbidity index. We performed a retrospective review of 107 women whose pregnancies were singleton and complicated by diabetes. The subjects were divided according to the gender of the infant. The morbidity, mortality and confounding variables between the two groups were compared. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the independent factors associated with an adverse pregnancy outcome. The male group (n = 62) had higher morbidity than the female group (n = 45). This was due to a higher incidence of hypoglycemia (relative risk = 3.9, 95% CI 1.2-12.5, p = 0.011) and need to stay in the neonatal intensive care unit 2 or more days (relative risk = 1.8, 95% CI 1.1-2.9, p = 0.015). There was one female stillbirth due to an episode of ketoacidosis in the mother. Male gender (relative risk = 1.8,95% CI 1.2-2.7, p = 0.002) was one of three independent predictors of poor outcome. There is a male disadvantage in infants of diabetic mothers with regards to perinatal morbidity. Advanced White’s classification, male gender, and third trimester mean glucose > 110 mg% identify the pregnancies at risk for diabetes-related morbidit

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000292026

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Lactate, pH, pO2, and pO2 7.0 mmol/l and pH ≤ 7.15, (2) neither cord venous pO2 nor pCO2 correlate well with cord venous lactate, and (3) readily available mixed cord blood is a satisfactory specimen for the measurement of venous cord l

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000292027

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Objectives: Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-induced hypertensive disease. About 25–30% of women suffering from this disease will later, while still fertile, develop essential hypertension. Study design: Various hemostatic variables known to increase the risk of cardiovascular complications were investigated in 28 women with severe preeclampsia and 14 with mild preeclampsia 6–15 months after delivery. Results: High levels of the coagulation inhibitors protein C and total protein S were found in the women with severe preeclampsia (p < 0.001). The levels of prothrombin complex, fibrinogen, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 were increased in women who had previously had severe preeclampsia as compared to those who had had mild preeclampsia (p < 0.01). The levels of the four markers for thrombin activity (thrombin-antithrombin complex, prothrombin fragments 1+2, fibrin Z)-dimers and soluble fibrin) were higher in the severe preeclampsia group. In 12 women in this group (43%), the levels of three to four variables were higher than the reference ranges (mean ± 2 SD). In patients with earlier severe or mild preeclampsia, factor VII antigen was also found to be increased as compared to normal fertile women (p < 0.02). Conclusions: Women with earlier severe preeclampsia displayed increased levels of coagulation factors and the main fibrinolytic inhibitor, high levels of which are known to predict cardiovascular events. This was also reflected by increased levels of thrombin mar

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000292029

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Fetal atrial septal aneurysm (ASA) is uncommon and little is known regarding its prevalence and clinical significance. In this report we describe 2 cases of fetal ASA diagnosed by ultrasonography. They were referred for examination because of fetal tachyarrhythmia in 1 case, and polyhydramnios in the other. The first case had a normal outcome, while the other was associated with other congenital heart malformations. The literature as regards the diagnosis, prevalence, pathology, and clinical implications of ASA is discussed.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000292030

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Persistent nipple pain in lactating women, burning in nature, and associated with radiating breast pain, has been claimed by some authorities to be due to ‘thrush’ (candida) infection. Yet, scientific proof has been lacking. This study compared microbiological assessment of 61 women with nipple pain, 64 women without nipple pain, and 31 non-lactating women. Swabs ofthe nipple and baby’s mouth, and expressed breast milk were collected for culture. Growth of Candida albicans (nipple and milk) was found more often in the women with nipple pain (19%) than in the control group (3%, p < 0.01). In addition. Staphylococcus aureus was also associated with nipple pain (p < 0.0001), and independently associated with nipple fissures (p < 0.0001). Neither C. albicans nor S. aureus was found on the nipples ofthe non-lactating

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000292031

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The aim of the study was to assess the values of serum estradiol (E2) in women undergoing ovarian stimulation with five direct commercial assays (IMX, Amerlite, Spectria, Vidas, CA) and to compare them with the results of an E2 direct method used in our laboratory. The study included 12 infertile women. Thirteen cycles were monitored daily during ovarian stimulation with transvaginal ultrasound and serum E2. Large differences were found between the E2 concentrations measured on the same sample with the different methods. In general the IMX and Amerlite assays gave the highest and CA the lowest results. The results of our own RIA and Spectria assay agreed more closely. The median ratio of the highest E2 value (IMX assay) and the lowest E2 value (CA value) was 1.75 (1.30–3.15). Values of E2 measured in serum depend on the method used. It is not possible to apply criteria from other studies directly to one’s own patients. Close collaboration between the laboratories and the clinical staff is essent

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000292032

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Eight women (aged 27-43) with reproductive dysfunction who were diagnosed by hysterosalpingogram and hysteroscopy as having a ‘T-shaped’ uterus were operated on using fiberoptic hysteroscopic guidance; the uterine side walls were incised until a normal uterine cavity was achieved. The women’s gynecologic and obstetric records were compared before and after the operation. In all the 8 women the operation was without complications and resulted in a satisfactory uterine cavity. Before the operative procedure, the women had had 10 spontaneous abortions and 1 ectopic pregnancy. The postoperative performance available for 7 of the 8 women showed 4 term pregnancies in 3 women, 1 ectopic pregnancy, and no abortions. Our study suggests that hysteroscopic metroplasty in women with a T-shaped uterus improves the reproductive outcome, mainly in women with repeated abortions. We conclude that women with a T-shaped uterus who want to improve their reproductive function should be encouraged to undergo hysteroscopic metrop

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000292033

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We analyzed whether patent but anatomically deranged tubes were more commonly encountered in infertile women than in fertile women. The fertile group consisted of 100 women who were apparently normal with respect to fertility and the infertile group consisted of 100 infertile women with no certain etiology identified. The individual tubal structure was recorded at laparoscopy and the results of the two groups were then compared. Tubal pathology was found to be significantly higher in the infertile group; however, this marked difference arose from the contribution of a significantly higher frequency of peritubal pelvic adhesions because no difference was found between the two groups regarding anatomic variations of the fallopian tube. We conclude that tubal derangement which could only be identified with laparoscopy significantly contributes to infertility.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000292034

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger