摘要:

The relationship between the ratio femoral pulsatility index (PΙ)/umbilical PI and arterial oxygen content was examined in 8 fetal sheep at various stages of hypoxemia. This relationship was characterized by an inconsistent increase of the ratio femoral PI/umbilical PI at oxygen content levels beneath 1.0 mM. The correlation coefficient of the linear regression between both variables was only ––0.54, indicating that prediction of fetal oxygenation on the basis of Doppler waveform measurements in peripheral fetal arteries might be invalid. The average correlation coefficient of the linear regressions between the femoral PI and fetal mean arterial pressure was 0.87 ± 0.15 (SD), whereas the average correlation between the umbilical PI and fetal mean arterial pressure was 0.04 ± 0.61. These data suggest that the degree of change in fetal mean arterial pressure considerably depends on the degree of change in vascular resistance in the fetal carcass.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000292653

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1993

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The concentrations of adrenaline and noradrenahne were determined in venous plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 41 pregnant women at term scheduled for elective or ‘hot’ caesarean section and in 7 healthy non-pregnant women scheduled for elective surgery. Group 1:10 pregnant women at term with a normal history of their pregnancy; group 2: like group 1 but in active labour for more than 4 h; group 3: 10 pregnant women with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with or without slightly elevated arterial blood pressure; group 4: 11 women with pre-eclampsia gravis; group 5: 7 healthy non-pregnant women of fertile age. The highest values of mean arterial blood pressure and of venous plasma noradrenahne were found in the pre-eclamptic group 4, mean arterial blood pressure and plasma noradrenahne levels correlated to each other. However, concentrations of noradrenahne in CSF in group 4 did not differ significantly from the other groups. It is speculated that a different origin of hypertension may be the reason for the normal noradrenahne concentrations in CSF. This finding is in contrast to earlier findings in which noradrenahne levels in CSF were elevated in patients with essential hypertens

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000292654

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1993

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Whole-blood and plasma selenium (Se) concentrations, red blood cell and plasma glutathione peroxidase activities, and red blood cell glutathione concentrations were investigated in 49 healthy pregnant women. Mean whole-blood and red blood cell Se concentrations started to decline after the 16th week and plasma Se after the 26th week of pregnancy. The lowest values were noted just before delivery. Negative correlations were found between the gestational age and both whole-blood and plasma Se concentrations: (r = ––0.560 (p < 0.001) and r = ––0.553 (p < 0.001), respectively. Plasma and red blood cell glutathione peroxidase activities started to decrease after the 20th and 30th week of pregnancy, respectively, and before delivery were significantly lower (p < 0.001) than during the 10th week of pregnancy. The red blood cell glutathione concentration increased significantly just before delivery. These results seem to confirm the supposition that in pregnant women with low or even moderate blood Se concentrations the requirement for the element significantly increases.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000292655

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1993

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The maternal-fetal relationship of metabolic substrates was examined in 12 mothers undergoing cordocentesis for clinical reasons between 23 and 36 weeks’ gestation. Twenty cordocentesis procedures were performed. Blood glucose, insulin, β-hydroxybutyrate, glycerol and lactate were measured in simultaneously obtained maternal and fetal samples. There was a linear correlation between fetal and maternal concentration of glucose (y = 0.687x + 0.756, R2 = 0.65 and p = 0.001), and β-hydroxybutyrate (y = 0.443x + 0.16, R2= 0.938 and p = 0.0001). No relation between fetal insulin and glucose concentration was observed. No correlation was seen between maternal and fetal lactate concentration. The data on glycerol could be divided into two groups. When the fetal glycerol levels were below 100 μmol/l, the fetal glycerol concentration was always less than the simultaneously obtained maternal level. However, when the fetal glycerol levels were greater than 100 μmol/l, the corresponding maternal levels were lower than that in the fetus. The exact mechanism or significance of higher fetal glycerol levels remains unknown. These data demonstrate the usefulness of cordocentesis in the understanding of fetal metabolism. In correlation with isotopic tracer, cordocentesis could provide detailed insight into human fetus in the future.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000292656

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1993

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Recently, thromboxane synthetase inhibitor has been used for the treatment of preeclampsia. In this study, we investigated the effects of thromboxane synthetase inhibitor (OKY-046) on placental blood flow (measured with clearance of hydrogen gas generated by electrolysis) in normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). The systolic blood pressure of OKY-046-treated SHR (1,4 and 8 mg/kg) decreased significantly (p < 0.05); however, the systolic blood pressure of WKY did not decrease. The placental blood flow of both OKY-046-treated WKY and SHR did not decrease. We found that OKY-046 has no reducing effect on placental blood flow in rats, and systolic blood pressure of SHR decreases. These data suggest that thromboxane synthetase inhibitor might have a beneficial effect on preeclampsia.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000292657

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1993

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000289555

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1912

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The possibility to predict a large infant during pregnancy was assessed using data from a prospective cohort study of 537 singleton pregnancies with term deliveries. Maternal characteristics, symphysis fundal height and ultrasound measurements were used in multivariate analyses for the prediction of an infant with a birthweight of ≥ 4,500 or ≥ 4,000 g. The positive predictive value was 55 % for a birthweight ≥ 4,000 g when only maternal characteristics were used, and increased slightly when symphysis fundal heigt was added. The corresponding value for a single ultrasound measurement at 37 gestational weeks was 52%. Using all available clinical data, positive predictive values of 45 and 80% could be achieved for birthweights of ≥ 4,500 and ≥ 4,000 g, respectively.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000292658

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1993

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In order to evaluate a dose-related response of cervical ripening and labor induction to a prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) gel, 110 women with uncomplicated postdate pregnancies and unripe cervices received intracervically 0.5 mg PGE2 (n = 40), 1.5 mg PGE2 (n = 35) or 2.5 mg PGE2 (n = 35). The failure rate in terms of cervical ripening was similar in all groups. Labor characteristics such as the duration of the latent phase as well as the total length of labor, the cesarean-section rate, instrumental deliveries and neonatal outcome were similar in all groups. The number of women who required oxytocin for labor augmentation was negatively correlated to the dose of PGE2 (p < 0.05). In addition, 3 out of 35 women in the 2.5-mg group presented hypertonic uterine activity. The increase in the dose of PGE2 gel did not increase the possibility for a vaginal delivery, but reduced the requirement for oxytocin while increasing hypertonic uterine action.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000292659

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1993

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000289556

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1912

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Eighty-two pregnancies involving a breech first twin were retrospectively analyzed over two study periods during which the cesarean section rates were 20.9 and 94.9%, respectively. The neonatal and maternal morbidity in both study periods was compared. There were no neonatal deaths during either study period and no cases of interlocking twins among patients delivered vaginally. Neonatal morbidity was unrelated to the mode of delivery. The incidence of maternal fever was, however, significantly higher in the cesarean section group compared with the vaginal delivery group (p < 0.001). Our study suggests that vaginal delivery of selected twin gestations with a breech first twin should be an alternative to cesarean delivery.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000292660

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1993

数据来源: Karger