摘要:

This paper is a description, with illustrations, of the technique used by the authors from 1938 to 1954 in searching for early human pregnancies prior to the first missed menstrual period. The myometrium was bivalved on the dissecting board down to the endometrium. The entire specimen was immersed in saline and the endometrial sac opened by dissection under the binocular microscope; contents were pipetted into embryologic dishes. The endometrial surface was inspected before and after partial fixation for implanted stages. In 211 uteri surgically removed, along with 102 Fallopian tubes, 34 specimens were found, 13 were abnormal – potential abortuses – and 21 were normal. There were eight segmenting ova – one tubal and seven intrauterine, of which four were normal and four were abnormal. There were 26 implanted specimens, nine abnormal and 17 normal. The specimens have all been described before, but the technique had never been illustrated nor described in detail.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000301716

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1973

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Invitro experiments with strips of pregnant rat uterus, normal estrogen-primed rat uterus and duodenum showed that cyproheptadine HCl (Periactin®), a serotonin antagonist, inhibits the intensity of spontaneous contractions of these muscle strips. The degree of inhibition depends upon the concentration of cyproheptadine. Contraction frequency was also reduced in these smooth muscles, the basic tonus not being affected. Addition of serotonin (5-HT) to the water bath increases the intensity of muscle contractions. Cyproheptadine inhibits this increase at smaller doses than those required for inhibiting spontaneous contractions. Whereas cyproheptadine does not inhibit completely the pace-maker rhythm of the muscle cells, it suppresses the amplitude of their contractions.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000301717

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1973

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The metabolic clearance rate (MCRrB), plasma concentration, and production rate (PI) and conversion to progesterone of 20α-hydroxypregn-4-en-3-one (20α-OHP) have been determined in women during the menstrual cycle. The MCRrB was 3,110 ± 217 (SE) 1/day and was independent of the day of the cycle. The PI was 0.92–2.53 mg/day for days 6–18 of the cycle and 0.78–15.6 mg/day for days 20–24. The percent conversion of 20α-OHP to progesterone was 4.88 ± 1.10 (SE)% and the calculated transfer constant of 20α-OHP to progesterone was 0.05. The contribution of progesterone to the blood production rate of 20α-OHP for days 20–24 was calculated to be between 24 and 73 %, and it was concluded that plasma concentrations of 20α-OHP are not a valid indicator of corpus luteum regression in the human.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000301718

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1973

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A single dose of oestradiol stimulates proliferative activity in the endometrium of castrated rats. This was tested autoradiographically by measuring 3H-thymidine and 3H-uridine incorporation and by determining the mitotic index. Administration of gestagens simultaneously or at different time intervals after oestradiol treatment (early G1 or early S phase) resulted in an inhibition of 3H-thymidine uptake which was greatest with simultaneous application of the two steroids. With regard to 3H-uridine incorporation into the different uterine cell types, progesterone produced a significant inhibition of RNA synthesis in all three cell types most pronounced in the myometrium. The role of these effects is discussed with regard to the growth-inhibiting effect of gestagens in human endometrial carcinoma.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000301719

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1973

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The effects of affinity-labeling progesterone derivatives (16α-bromoacetoxyprogesterone, 11α-bromoacetoxyprogesterone and 21-acryloxyprogesterone) on the activity of rat adrenal steroid 11β-hydroxylase and steroid 21-hydroxylase have been examined. All three derivatives, at 3.0×10––5 M concentration, significantly inactivate both enzymes, but to variable degrees. This inactivation is completely eliminated by the presence of excess β-mercaptoethanol in the medium. Presence of progesterone during the preincubation period markedly decreases inactivation. While the enzymes are inactivated by 3×10––5 M ethylbromoacetate, in this case, progesterone confers only minimal protection. Ethylacrylate (3×10––5 M) does not inactivate the enzymes. The results indicate that these steroid derivatives may be used to study amino-acid residues present at steroid-binding sites in biosynthetic enzymes. They further indicate that medical use as irreversible inactivators may be possible.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000301720

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1973

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A lymphocyte culture method was developed that allow the use of as little as 0.01 ml of fetal blood. The yield of metaphase plates for the assessment of cytogenetic abnormalities was good. A safe way to aspirate fetal blood early in pregnancy is required, so the present method will be useful.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000301721

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1973

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Changes in the enzyme-activity levels of the placental steroid enzyme, 17β-hydroxysteroid:NAD(P)-oxydoreductase were examined in the plasma of women with normal and pathological pregnancies. The behaviour of the enzyme-activity levels in normal pregnancies did not differ from pregnancies complicated by temporary signs of threatened abortion. Imminent and recent inevitable abortions showed significantly higher and old-protracted inevitable abortions significantly lower enzyme levels than normal controls. It is concluded that the placental enzyme in the plasma of pregnant women could be of use in monitoring threatened abortion and distinguishing it from inevitable abortion. In pregnancies complicated by diabetes mellitus, there was increased antenatal incidence of pathological enzyme levels above and below the normal 95 percent tolerance limits in poorly controlled cases, heavy babies, heavy placentas, hydramnion and fetal distress.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000301722

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1973

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The microscope became an instrument of scientific investigation during the 17th century, its application leading to the discovery of the spermatozoa and profound changes in embryological thought. The severe optical limitations and consequent distrust of the microscope limited its use during the 18th century, but thereafter the instrument gradually improved. By the end of the 19th century, the instrument had achieved a state of excellence and its application had contributed to a knowledge of early generativeprocesses that forms the foundation of modern embryology.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000301723

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1973

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000301724

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1973

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000301725

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1973

数据来源: Karger