ISSN:0267-1379    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;Advances in understanding the mechanisms of epithelial transport in the colon have consisted of both a narrowing and a broadening of the focus of investigation. Researchers have homed in on the structure of the protein associated with the specific genetic defect of cystic fibrosis and are now manipulating discrete regions of the protein to determine changes in function. New methodology permits investigators to characterize the behavior of individual channels and their mechanisms of regulating ion transport. Another approach has broadened our view of regulation of colonic transport beyond the epithelial cell and examined the role of the immune system and the enteric nervous system in modulating epithelial function. Not only sodium, potassium, and chloride are transported by the colon; investigations of short‐chain fatty acid and mucus transport provide some insight into the complex functions of the colon.Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 1992,8:5‐11

ISSN:0267-1379    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;The mechanisms linking the psyche and cerebral control of colonic motility are reviewed, including the psychologic profile of patients with functional bowel disease, and human and animal experiments that clarify this connection. Other abnormalities in functional disorders such as hormone abnormalities and myenteric plexus changes are also covered. The results of surgery for constipation are now clearly established. Calcium is an important regulator of smooth muscle activity; its role and therapeutic application are discussed. An update on measurement of colonic transit and motility is included. Nonsteroidal drugs and complicated diverticular disease are an important association. Circulating hormones and colonic and pouch motility are reviewed. Greater characterization of colonic hormone and neurotransmitter receptors is discussed. Lastly, a clinical curiosity, ciguatera fish toxin causing diarrhea, is discussed.Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 1992,8:12‐18

ISSN:0267-1379    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;International trends show an increasing incidence of colorectal cancer in developed countries, although the mortality may be declining. There does not appear to be a left‐to‐right shift of colorectal cancers. The prevalence of hereditary colon cancer syndromes ranges from 1% to 5%, and breast cancer prevalence is also increased in family members. The risk of colon cancer in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease is better defined. The debate over the predictive value of distal hyperplastic polyps for proximal adenomas and cancers continues, but evidence suggests that distal hyperplastic polyps are not good predictors. Alcohol, tobacco, and animal fat intake appear to be epidemiologic risk factors.Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 1992,8:19‐24

ISSN:0267-1379    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;Rapid advances are being made in gene mapping of colorectal cancer. Estimation of individual colorectal cancer risk based on such information is not far away. The debate over the real value of current screening techniques continues. There is general agreement that fecal occult blood testing with guaiac‐based tests is not perfect. Recommendations for screening based on family history and clinical characteristics are being refined. Endoscopy or radiographic examinations should replace fecal occult blood testing in high‐risk individuals. Such structural studies of the entire colon should also be considered in case detection of those at average risk.Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 1992,8:25‐30

ISSN:0267-1379    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;During the past year further strides have been made in determining effective adjuvant therapy for colorectal cancer. Possible benefits were observed with portal vein infusion of 5‐fluorouracil, the combination of levamisole and 5‐fluorouracil, and the combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy for advanced rectal cancer. For patients with advanced disease unsuitable for surgery, chemotherapy combined with biologic response modifiers are undergoing assessment, as is further modulation of 5‐fluorouracil by folinic acid. Most of these regimens are being investigated by prospective randomized studies.Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 1992,8:31‐36

ISSN:0267-1379    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;Colonoscopy remains a frustratingly variable technique and adjuncts to it, such as bowel preparation and medication, remain subjects for debate. Logistic aspects, including the possibilities for screening and surveillance examinations, have been well discussed, including some outstanding papers relating to colorectal cancer epidemiology. Other subjects particularly addressed during the past year include laser therapy, the dilemma of hyperplastic polyps, problems with use of hot biopsy for small polyps or tattooing for large ones, and the inadvisability of snaring lipomas.Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 1992,8:37‐49

ISSN:0267-1379    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;Literature over the past year yielded significant contributions concerning two of the main indications for surgery of the large intestine: colorectal cancer and inflammatory bowel disease. A review of these subjects is prefaced with a section on perioperative care in large bowel surgery and appended by a new section on “tricks and tactics in large bowel surgery.” As in the past, editorial comments will pervade this review to direct and stimulate the reader.Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 1992,8:50‐56

ISSN:0267-1379    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;This is a review with annotated references of recent articles on several topics. Reports of medication‐induced diseases of the colon and rectum are reviewed, including injury from detergent enemas, analgesic suppositories containing acetylsalicylic acid and paracetamol, injury from nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (naproxen and diclofenac sodium), and colonic pseudoobstruction due to oral amphetamines. Other articles dealing with radiation proctitis include a review of long‐term complications, an animal model of proctitis cystica profunda, and treatment of chronic bleeding with hyperbaric oxygen. Studies dealing with platelet‐activating factor and epidermal growth factor in colonic disease are summarized. Reviews of colonic metabolism and the treatment of diarrhea are discussed. Studies of the role of short‐chain fatty acids in colonic blood flow and on the treatment of chronic constipation with sorbitol are reviewed.Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 1992,8:57‐62

ISSN:0267-1379    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;This review covers the past year's literature on miscellaneous colorectal surgical conditions including uncommon neoplastic disease, ischemic colitis, colonic perforations, vascular malformations, and volvulus. New surgical techniques are reviewed and brief reports on infectious conditions, duodenocolic fistulas, and the usefulness of rectal examination are given.Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 1992,8:63‐69

ISSN:0267-1379    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID