ISSN:0363-0234    

DOI:10.1111/j.1943-278X.1995.tb00484.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0363-0234    

DOI:10.1111/j.1943-278X.1995.tb00387.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Adolescence is a time of significant opportunity and significant challenge. Challenges can be difficult for some adolescents, which may result in problems that are expressed as affective disturbances or by the adolescent's participation in risk‐taking behaviors. This review emphasizes the changes in biopsychosocial development during adolescence. We specifically address aspects of individual change during the adolescent decade (e.g., biological, cognitive, psychosocial, and sexual development) as well as the effects of context on normal development and responses to challenges during this period. Predispositions or vulnerabilities present prior to a developmental transition may be exacerbated by the transition. Adolescents can become healthy adults with the encouragement to develop gradually by limiting the simultaneous changes they experience, where possible, and by supporting healthy development through developmentally appropriate activities and supportive relationships with adults and peer

ISSN:0363-0234    

DOI:10.1111/j.1943-278X.1995.tb00485.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0363-0234    

DOI:10.1111/j.1943-278X.1995.tb00388.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The authors discuss the development of the concept of prevention as it has evolved from the public health and mental health fields. Concepts of epidemiology, treatment, and community mental health are defined in terms of their contributions to the evolution of prevention thinking. Four models of prevention are presented and critiqued: the public health model, the operational model, the antecedent conditions model, and the injury control model. Essential ingredients for implementing effective preventive interventions are presented, as well as examples of practical preventive interventions.

ISSN:0363-0234    

DOI:10.1111/j.1943-278X.1995.tb00389.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In this paper, we review developmental models for understanding adolescence as they might be applied to emerging sexuality and the challenges and risks that may be associated with different sexual orientations and identities. Models have been identified as: cumulative events or simultaneous change, accentuation, or trajectory models. Inclusion of risk and protective factors and considering the extent of balance between these elements of an adolescent's life is also discussed in terms of predicting mental health outcomes. These models have been particularly useful in the study of the development of psychopathology and clearly relate to the broader issue of understanding suicide risk during adolescence.

ISSN:0363-0234    

DOI:10.1111/j.1943-278X.1995.tb00486.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper presents the epidemiology of suicide and discusses the known risk factors for suicide within a framework designed to encourage a systematic approach to theory testing and prevention. Mental and addictive disorders are the most powerful of the multiple risk factors for suicide in all age groups. Since risk factors for suicide rarely occur in isolation, prevention efforts are more likely to succeed if multiple risk factors are targeted.

ISSN:0363-0234    

DOI:10.1111/j.1943-278X.1995.tb00390.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Youths with a homosexual orientation face different developmental challenges during adolescence than those faced by heterosexual youths or individuals who recognize their homosexual orientation later in life. We discuss the impact of “coming out,” or defining a homosexual orientation, on the development and identity formation of youths who come out during adolescence. The process of coming out is presented as entailing four broad dimensions: recognizing oneself as lesbian or gay; exploring one's sexual orientation through the gay and lesbian community; disclosing one's sexual orientation to others; and becoming more comfortable with one's sexual orientation. Some of the major challenges faced by these youths are described, and future directions for research efforts are discus

ISSN:0363-0234    

DOI:10.1111/j.1943-278X.1995.tb00487.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0363-0234    

DOI:10.1111/j.1943-278X.1995.tb00488.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The central questions addressed in this paper are whether present generations of adolescents and adults worldwide are at greater risk of developing suicidal reactions than previous generations were and what the possible causal mechanisms involved are. On the basis of data from international and national data banks as well as an extensive review of the literature, it is concluded that a true increase in suicide mortality and morbidity has occurred over the larger part of this century among the White urban adolescent and young adult populations of North America and Europe, particularly among (young) males over the last three decades. Among the possible causal mechanisms identified are (1) the corresponding increase in the prevalence of depressive disorders; (2) the corresponding increase in the prevalence of substance (ab)use and substance abuse disorders, and a lowering of age of onset of (ab)use; (3) psychobiological changes, in particular the dramatic lowering of the age of puberty; (4) an increase in the number of social stressors with extensive consequences for youth; (5) changes in attitudes towards suicidal behaviors and the related increased availability of suicidal models.

ISSN:0363-0234    

DOI:10.1111/j.1943-278X.1995.tb00391.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY