摘要:

ABSTRACT:This study compared bereavement experiences of suicide survivors with those of other survivors. The primary focus of investigation was upon grief reactions suggested to be unique to suicide bereavement and upon quality of grief resolution 2–4 years after death. Fifty‐seven women and men, between the ages of 24 and 48, who had experienced the death of a marital partner were interviewed. Subjects were assigned to one of four groups by mode of death (suicide, accident, unanticipated natural, and expected natural).Analyses of variance and Scheffe procedures indicated no significant differences among survivors on frequencies of grief reactions considered common to all bereavements. The suicide survivors were significantly different from all others on certain grief measures, including rejection and unique grief reactions. On various other grief measures, significant differences were indicated among the groups of survivors.Four primary conclusions, implications of the findings, and limitations of the study are discus

ISSN:0363-0234    

DOI:10.1111/j.1943-278X.1990.tb00650.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:An integrative path model is presented that details the relationships among several demographic variables, life stress, depression, hopelessness, social support, and suicidal ideation. The sample consisted of 737 university students, 287 males and 450 females. Negative life stress was found to be a significant predictor of both depression and hopelessness, which, in turn, mediated the relationship between life stress and suicidal ideation. Contrary to previous findings, depression proved to be a better predictor of suicidal ideation than hopelessness. Findings also illustrated the importance of including social support measures in the model, as significant relationships were discovered between social support and both life stress and suicidal ideation. The model accounted for a total of 34% of the variance in suicidal ideation. Individual findings are interpreted; the ways in which they reflect on previous research, and future efforts, are discussed.

ISSN:0363-0234    

DOI:10.1111/j.1943-278X.1990.tb00651.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:A trend analysis of states' spending for hospitals and their suicide rates in 1960, 1970, 1980, and 1984 showed that states' spending for hospitals was not directly related to their suicide rates until 1984. The analysis also showed that in 1984, states' spending for hospitals was not only directly and inversely related to their suicide rates, but also accounted for a 5% increase in their variance. Drawing on Durkheim's theory of social integration, the analysis took into account the effects of states' divorce rates, rates of population change, population density, and the economic level and racial composition of states' population. Following policy trends in health care more generally, the findings call attention to the wider implications of institutional norms of cost containment at all costs and states' suicide rates, and thus to the largely ignored connection between macro and micro levels.

ISSN:0363-0234    

DOI:10.1111/j.1943-278X.1990.tb00652.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:This study compared qualitative aspects of problem solving among suicide attempters, suicide ideators, and nonsuicidal patients. The subjects completed a suicidal intent scale and a problem‐solving task involving three dilemmas. Problem solving was analyzed along eight qualitative categories: versatility of the various solutions, reliance on self versus others, activity versus passivity, confrontation versus avoidance, relevance of the solution to the problem, positive versus negative affect, reference to the future, and extremity of the solution. The statistical analysis yielded differences among the three groups. In general, the solutions of suicidal patients showed less versatility, more avoidance, less relevance, more negative affect, and less reference to the future than the solutions of the nonsuicidal patients. The suicide attempters and nonsuicidal patients offered more active solutions than did the suicide ideators. Our findings emphasize the importance of general coping styles, as well as energetic/motivational aspects and affective aspects of the problem‐solving process. Some applications to therapy are discus

ISSN:0363-0234    

DOI:10.1111/j.1943-278X.1990.tb00653.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:Thirty‐three brief case histories of suicidal patients were given to 19 experienced crisis workers for 7‐point ratings of short‐ and long‐term suicide risk. The ratings revealed considerable variability, raising questions about the reliability of such global assessments of suicidality. The most consistently rated cases were selected to operationally define “mild,” “moderate,” and “high” risk. Thus, each level was “anchored” by several vignettes. It was hoped that these anchor points would lead to more uniform future ratings among crisis workers.The correlation between short‐ and long‐term risk ranged from near zero for some vignettes to as high as .82 (median = .46), demonstrating the need to rate both separately. Long‐term risk was more difficult to rate, as demonstrated by a larger number of cases judged to be unrateable because of “insufficient information” (94 vs. 53 rater–case combinations).When the anchor vignettes were provided as a guide to the same sample of crisis workers, their ratings of suicide risk, as expected, showed

ISSN:0363-0234    

DOI:10.1111/j.1943-278X.1990.tb00654.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0363-0234    

DOI:10.1111/j.1943-278X.1990.tb00655.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0363-0234    

DOI:10.1111/j.1943-278X.1990.tb00656.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY