摘要:

This laboratory has developed mathematical formulae for prediction of an average man's rectal temperature and heart rate as a function of clothing, work level and ambient temperature, humidity and air motion. Physiological studies of eight men walking with 25.6 kg loads in a hot-wet (35°C, 70% R.H.) and a hot-dry (48.9°C, 21°R.H.) climate allowed comparison of the effects of three uniform systems with their predicted effects. The three systems included: a standard or a lightweight armoured vest worn over a tropical fatigue uniform, or the fatigue uniform without armour. One major objective of this study was to validate the coefficients assumed for these armour systems to combine the physiological effect of external air movement with subject generated air movement. These coefficients, termed ‘ pumping coefficients ’, are essential in the equations for predicting these physiological responses. The study demonstrates the feasibility and potential value of such predictive equations for the solution of problems relating to men wearing protective clothing systems in hot environments.

ISSN:0014-0139    

DOI:10.1080/00140137408931307

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1974

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Experimental data on the oxygen uptake of eight U.S. subjects for climbing stairs at free pace and two subjects climbing on an oscalator with and without a load of 10.75 kg are compared to group mean data on 6-8 Indian subjects drawn from a pool of 20 subjects climbing stairs of varying designs at controlled rates with loads up to 30 kg on their heads. From the pooled data on these subjects, a regression of the oxygen uptake ( Vo1ml/kg min) on speed of ascent S(m/min) has been derived:

ISSN:0014-0139    

DOI:10.1080/00140137408931308

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1974

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A random sample of twenty-seven 18-21-year-old female physical education students completed dietary and activity diaries for seven consecutive days. Tables were used for calculating tho subjects energy intake and expenditure. Measurement of metabolic energy was also determined using an open circuit method. Energy expenditure calculations by the tablo method differed from direct calculations. Unlike many studies, which have been confined to an eight hour working day, the present investigation obtained data for seven 24 hourly consecutive periods. Mean basal energy requirement was 6.53 ± 0.49 × 106J/day; mean energy intake was 9.82 ± 2.06 × 106J/day and mean energy expenditure was 10.18± 1.06 × 106J/day. Intake varied more than expenditure. Mean daily Joule fluctuations showed a definite relationship with the college timetable. Maximum energy expenditure days coincided with minimum energy intake and vice versa. The ratio of body surface area to body mass (cms2/kg) decreased with increasing obesity.

ISSN:0014-0139    

DOI:10.1080/00140137408931309

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1974

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

An experiment, including 79 measurements, on repetitive lifting of loads from floor to table has been performed with 4 female and 4 male subjects. For each subject: (1) the maximum load which could be lifted from floor to table height using a correct lifting technique, and (2) the maximum oxygen uptake (Vo2maxwere determined. From (1) relative loads of approximately 10%, 25%, 50% and 70% were calculated, and lifting with at least three different frequencies were performed with each relative weight. The lifting procedure lasted 20 min during which the oxygen uptake ([Vdot]o2) and the pulse rate were measured. The maximum lifting frequency which did not demand more than 50% of the subject's [Vdot]o2was determined for each relative load for each of the subjects. These maximum lifting frequencies for all subjects and all relative loads were then plotted against relative burdens. Two curves, one for females and one for males, fitting the points best were drawn by eye. The maximum lifting frequency of females is approximately 0.7 of that of males at the same relative burden. The difference is probably due to the difference in the capacity of the oxygen transporting system in the two soxes. From the results of the above experiments guidelines for practical use have been worked out.

ISSN:0014-0139    

DOI:10.1080/00140137408931310

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1974

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The physiological responses of 8 healthy male subjects were studied during one- and two-arm cranking exercise performed on a suitably modified bicycle ergometer under carefully standardised conditions utilising a shoulder restraining board and harness designed to restrict trunk movement.

ISSN:0014-0139    

DOI:10.1080/00140137408931311

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1974

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This study explores the feasibility of using the static strength and endurance relationships suggested by Rohmert in 1960 to predict pursuit tracking performance, Ten male subjects are tested on a pursuit rotor before and after being subjected to specific levels of loading on a grip holding device. The loading corresponded to specific levels of each subject's maximum endurance as determined from Rohmert's strength and endurance equation. The hypotheses are: (a) predetermined schedules of strength expenditure cause a systematic decrement in tracking efficiency; and (b) the process of recovering efficiency is dependent upon the expenditure schedules. Resulting data support these hypotheses, suggesting that tracking efficiency can be reliably predicted using some of the strength and endurance relationships postulated by Rohmert.

ISSN:0014-0139    

DOI:10.1080/00140137408931312

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1974

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Twelve men performed 3 tasks after I night without sleep, at 38°/32°C (100/90°F), and with the 2 stresses combined, as well as in a control condition. The 3 tasks were tracking with peripheral lights, the 5 choice task, and an auditory vigilance task, in that order. There was a reliable interaction between the 2 stresses, but only at the start of the auditory vigilance task. Here the detrimental effect of the 2 stresses combined was reliably less than the sum of the 2 separate detrimental effects. There were also differences between the 3 tasks in the direction of the change in the interaction over time, and in the time taken to show reliable effects of the stresses.

ISSN:0014-0139    

DOI:10.1080/00140137408931313

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1974

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Dental health care delivery systems, by virtue of their nature as man-machine systems, fall under the domain of investigation of ergonomics. Research work in the ergonomics of dentistry in the United States and Europe is discussed. This paper summarizes the findings of on-going studies at the newly established College of Dentistry at the University of Florida. The method of approach followed in these studies is given. Actual recording and analysis of clinical operations indicate many problems that lend themselves to solutions based on principles of ergonomics, These problems encompass the areas of dental operatory design, equipment design and utilization and the environmental conditions of the dental operatory. A discussion of some of these problems and recommendations for their solutions are presented. The paper shows that ergonomics can have a large impact on the effectiveness of dental health care delivery systems. The author advocates the idea that the study of ergonomics should be included in the dental curriculum,

ISSN:0014-0139    

DOI:10.1080/00140137408931314

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1974

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Previous studies suggest that the use of the dipped headlights on urban traffio routes lit by street lighting is undesirable because of glare, yet it is often contended that present marker lights are not adequately conspicuous. An investigation was therefore carried out, using appraisal techniques, to determine the intensity of vehicle front lights which will be adequately conspicuous without being too bright. It was found that the intensity requirements were largely independent of observer attributes, the luminance of the road surface and its surrounds and the number and movement of the vehicles. However, the results suggest that conspicuity and brightness are different attributes of a light. While both increased with increasing luminous intensity, the observers found that, for a given intensity, a larger source was the more conspicuous but that a smaller caused t he more discomfort. Optimum lighting appears to be a town beam, based on dimming the present dipped headlight, giving a straight ahead intensity of 80 ed. If the light is based on the small diameter marker light this value needs to be doubled to give adequate conspicuity, but then this light will be regarded as too bright in about one observation in twenty.

ISSN:0014-0139    

DOI:10.1080/00140137408931315

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1974

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A simple exercise test for estimating physical fitness is described. It seems superior to the standard Harvard Step Test because of the extreme simplicity of its administration; the fact that it does not limit subjects' performance largely through local muscular fatigue; and because no special equipment is necessary for its performance. This test also seems to be able to appraise subjects' fitness better than the Harvard Test.

ISSN:0014-0139    

DOI:10.1080/00140137408931316

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1974

数据来源: Taylor