ISSN:0014-0139    

DOI:10.1080/00140138208924920

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The equipment used in forestry is very largely based on modified agricultural equipment, and even where purpose built equipment is used, the use of forestry equipment is very largely governed by the same legislation as that covering agricultural equipment. Because of the particular requirements for forestry equipment which have to be worked continuously in limiting terrain conditions, the paper will attempt to show how all aspects of ergonomics are considered in the design and operation of the equipment. The paper covers a range of forestry operations and the design features adopted in harvesting operations are illustrated.

ISSN:0014-0139    

DOI:10.1080/00140138208924921

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The results of a national survey of Norwegian farmers are given. The survey was undertaken because of the lack of information on the farmers' own opinions of tractors, tractor operation and working environment; of the age, condition and time in use of tractors and different equipment; of the farmer's and tractor driver's health conditions and their opinions on recent ergonomics developments. The survey results provide the basis for deciding future research and development and also to assign priorities.

ISSN:0014-0139    

DOI:10.1080/00140138208924922

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The evolution from protective frames, which are mandatory in many countries, to protective cabs has increased the quality of working conditions. The ability to handle other machines and equipment attached to the tractor has, however, deteriorated with the introduction of the cab. This paper contains data on the control requirements of 64 different types of machine and indicates that many controls must be operated from the tractor seat. An examination of the workspace envelope around the seats of tractors fitted with cabs demonstrates the practical problems that arise from the operation of tractor-mounted or trailed equipment.

ISSN:0014-0139    

DOI:10.1080/00140138208924923

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A driver's most basic function is to control the direction in which the vehicle is moving. In agricultural field operations this guidance task assumes considerable importance since crop losses are influenced by steering.

ISSN:0014-0139    

DOI:10.1080/00140138208924924

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Auditory feedback provides valuable information to workers in many situations. This paper describes the characteristics of some of the sounds monitored in agriculture and examines the major factors affecting their perception. Some results from field surveys of machinery noise and from laboratory experiments in driver perception are included.

ISSN:0014-0139    

DOI:10.1080/00140138208924925

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Tractors require more pedals than road vehicles; the placement of these pedals presents a complex task for the designer. Since pedal position is an important determinant of the posture of a vehicle driver's pelvis and spine, it is essential that this problem be carefully considered. (The tractor driver's spine is already potentially at risk through high vibration levels and the need to twist in the seat while monitoring tools at the rear of the vehicle.) Anecdotal evidence suggests that an increasing number of women wish to drive tractors. The consequent increase in the variability of the user population will exacerbate existing design problems; pedal resistance must be within the strength capability of the weakest female driver but must not be so low as to make control difficult for a heavy footed male. The ergonomic literature concerning human strength in the operation of pedals, although extensive, is not entirely adequate for the tractor designer. Studies have either been conducted on subjects in specific postures, defined in anatomical terms which are not easy to relate to workspace design problems, or else have been ad hoc investigations of single pedal locations in specific vehicles. The present study is aimed at elucidating the biomechanical factors which influence human strength in the operation of a pedal. A better fundamental understanding of these problems would allow better advice to be given to designers. The following variables were investigated: (a) horizontal distance in front of the seat reference point (SRP), (b) vertical distance above and below SRP, (c) lateral distance from the midline, (d) direction of thrust, (e) use of the steering wheel for ‘bracing’. Equal numbers of male and female subjects were tested.Solid shoes were worn and maximal voluntary isometric thrusts were made with the instep. The pedal was set in positions defined by percentages of the individual subject's stature; hence posture was relatively constant (given that the linkages of the lower limb are in similar proportion for most individuals). Distance ranged from 40 to 55% stature in front of the SRP, from 2.5% stature above the SRP to 12.5% below and from 10 to 20% to the right of the midline. From consideration of published evidence it was anticipated that the greatest forces would be exerted in the upper outer part of this range (55% stature in front of SRP, 2.5% above). This proved to be true. However, a pedal placed in this position would result in a very inappropriate driving posture. For a pedal location of 12.5% stature below SRP and 47.5% in front there was only a 12% reduction in thrust. Since the latter position results in a better driving posture than the former it is to be preferred. The paper concludes with a consideration of appropriate design specifications for tractor pedals and the ways in which they should be developed.

ISSN:0014-0139    

DOI:10.1080/00140138208924926

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The objective of this paper is to provide some observations, ideas and research findings related to the motivation and performance of workers within the agricultural sector. It is not the intention of the paper to provide a full review of the subject material.

ISSN:0014-0139    

DOI:10.1080/00140138208924927

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The training, motivation and social promotion of that half of the total forest labour force which is employed by the Forestry Commission is the main concern of this paper. The needs of the private sector of the industry are met by training schemes administered through the Forestry Training Council and the FTITB.

ISSN:0014-0139    

DOI:10.1080/00140138208924928

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Although chemicals have been used in agriculture for many years, the range, volume and sophistication of materials and techniques is increasing rapidly. The newer chemicals tend to be less acutely poisonous than many of the older substances, but the use of new organic chemicals raises the anxiety that long-term chronic effects on health may lie in store for the agricultural worker.

ISSN:0014-0139    

DOI:10.1080/00140138208924929

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor