摘要:

AbstractThis paper attempts to evaluate two articles; one recently read to the ASIS Special Interest Group on Foundations of Information Science (SIG/FIS) by Heilprin, and the other published in theJournal of the American Society for Information Scienceby Artandi, which deal with the theoretical problems of defining “information” and/or “information science.” To that end, definitions, types, functions, forms of presentation and validation criteria of a theory are discussed with relation to science in general and to information science in particular. Arguments are made that: 1. information science is at present a practice‐oriented discipline, thus, good practice should be based on sound theory; 2. in the field of information more emphasis should be given to theory development; and 3. more precise and formal methods should be employed for presenting a theory so that it may be properly understood by practitioners and theo

ISSN:0002-8231    

DOI:10.1002/asi.4630260102

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0002-8231    

DOI:10.1002/asi.4630260103

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper presents the results of an investigation into information structures in natural language science texts. A novel hypothesis was tested; namely, that the literature of a science subfield has characteristic restrictions on lanugage usage which can be used to develop information formats for text sentences in the subfield. The formats provide a standard representation of the specific types of information found in sentences of subfield articles, thougha priorisemantic categories are not used. The method of sublanguage grammars for obtaining information formats is described. Illustrations are drawn from a sublanguage grammar written for a subfield of pharmacology. Parts of the procedure are computerized or are being implemented.

ISSN:0002-8231    

DOI:10.1002/asi.4630260104

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis is our second study of curricula in information science. It provides a basis for comparison of the 1968 curricula with those of 1972, observing trends in the educational system in information science. Since this study solicited information on all three educational levels, the statistics describing all programs are given; comparisons are made at the MS level only, using the 1968 data. These indicate a curriculum shift from traditional librarianship to an emphasis on computerization and automation. This trend appears to encompass theory as well as technology.The most frequently offered course “Introduction to Information Science,” exposes students to a new way of looking at library and information problems. Programming, theories of information content identification, library automation and some basic mathematics has increased. If the trend continues, libraries may be turning intoCommunity Information Centersutilizing telecommunication for their information needs.Deans, faculty, professional society and industry representatives reviewed the questionnaire analysis results in Workshop III and made recommendations for educational goals and curricula on three levels,i.e., the bacculaureate, masters and doctor

ISSN:0002-8231    

DOI:10.1002/asi.4630260105

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA good deal of work has been done over the years in an attempt to use statistical or probabilistic techniques as a basis for automatic indexing and content analysis. (1–10) Unfortunately, many of these methods are lacking in effectiveness, and the more refined procedures are computationally unattractive.A new technique, known as discrimination value analysis, ranks the text words in accordance with how well they are able to discriminate the documents of a collection from each other; that is, the value of a term depends on how much the average separation between individual documents changes when the given term is assigned for content identification. The best words are those which achieve the greatest separation.The discrimination value analysis is computationally simple, and it assigns a specific role in content analysis to single words, juxtaposed words and phrases, and word groups or thesaurus categories. Experimental results are given showing the effectiveness of the techniqu

ISSN:0002-8231    

DOI:10.1002/asi.4630260106

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe indexing of a document is among the most crucial steps in preparing that document for retrieval. The adequacy of the indexing determines the ability of the system to respond to patron requests. This paper discusses this process, and document retrieval in general, on the basis of formal decision theory. The basic theoretical approach taken is illustrated by means of a model of word occurrences in documents in the context of a model information system; both models are fully defined in this paper. Though the main purpose of this paper is to provide insights into a very complex process, formulae are developed that may prove to be of value for an automated operating system. The paper concludes with an interpretation of recall and precision curves as seen from the point of view of decision theory.

ISSN:0002-8231    

DOI:10.1002/asi.4630260107

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe output structure of text retrieval systems resembles formally a description of state that is well known in other fields. Such a (statistical) description allows the derivation of a unique and measurable performance criterion that, in turn, may be used in discussing various parameters of systems performance.The standard quantities “recall” and “precision” appear to be incomplete and dependent measures of system output. The method is illustrated by application to a small test data base and query

ISSN:0002-8231    

DOI:10.1002/asi.4630260108

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThere is increasing realization of the importance of information concepts in the development of information science. Although some research in this field has been carried out in English‐speaking countries, a much larger body of work has developed in the USSR, most of which is unknown to information scientists in the non‐socialist countries. The present paper discusses some basic aspects of this research, reviews some significant new approaches to determination of information concepts, and appends a selected bibliography to serve as a guide to the Soviet literature of information for information scie

ISSN:0002-8231    

DOI:10.1002/asi.4630260109

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0002-8231    

DOI:10.1002/asi.4630260110

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0002-8231    

DOI:10.1002/asi.4630260113

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY