ISSN:0002-8231    

DOI:10.1002/asi.4630230102

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0002-8231    

DOI:10.1002/asi.4630230103

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper describes three methods used by engineers and scientists to enrich their understanding of a technical subject prior to an interpersonal communication. Professionals may: (a) store the information need in hopes of an accidental or working encounter with the required information (piggybacking), and/or (b) verify and extend their background by contact with friendly associates (friendly consultation), and/or (c) review the literature of the field which is peripheral to their own (professional peripheration). Factors which determine the methods used are proposed: the opportunity cost of time, the extent to which similar needs have been encountered before, and the breadth of the user's (problem). Implications for the management of R&D organizations concern the provision of peripheral literature, the development of skills involved in consultation, and the clarification of the organization's technical goals.

ISSN:0002-8231    

DOI:10.1002/asi.4630230104

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe retrieval effectiveness of large document collections is normally assessed by using small subsections of the file for test purposes, and extrapolating the data upward to represent the results for the full collection. The accuracy of such an extrapolation unhappily depends on the “generality” of the respective collections.In the present study the role of the generality effect in retrieval system evaluation is assessed, and evaluation results are given for the comparison of several document collections of distinct size and generality in the areas of documentation and aerodynam

ISSN:0002-8231    

DOI:10.1002/asi.4630230105

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to demonstrate that economic analysis can be useful in modeling the scientific journal market. Of particular interest is the efficiency of pricing and page policies. For example, would the community be better off if morecopiesorpagesare produced, or similarly, should the journal be produced at all? In order to calculate losses due to the inefficiencies, demand parameters are statistically estimated and used in a discussion of market efficiency.Although more refinement is needed for both the specification of the demand functions and proxies for variables, the techniques used permit the establishment oflower boundson the net benefits stemming from journals (assuming that there are additional social benefits). The responses of individuals and institutions to changes in pages are shown to differ. Thus, the analytic framework facilitates the evaluation of current trends toward the selective dissemination of information to individuals.

ISSN:0002-8231    

DOI:10.1002/asi.4630230106

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe Libraries and Information Systems Center of Bell Telephone Laboratories conducted a study to evaluate microfiche as a possible alternative to paper copy for distributing technical information. The two objectives of this study were to determine the acceptability of the microfiche format as a medium for reading technical reports among a representative group of engineers and scientists and to measure the effects of using this medium on the reading habits of the group.For a period of approximately nine months, a test group received microfiche copies of technical reports for their personal retention in place of paper copies on loan. Paper copies were available as a secondary response.At the conclusion of the study, only a narrow majority of those participating answered affirmatively when asked if they would agree to receiving microfiche in the future. Analysis of other data indicated that (1) the reading habits of the scientists and engineers were not adversely affected by this format and (2) with careful planning, microfiche could be made generally acceptable to Bell Laboratories technical staff.

ISSN:0002-8231    

DOI:10.1002/asi.4630230107

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn April 1970, the BioSciences Information Service of Biological Abstracts, the Chemical Abstracts Service, and Engineering Index, Inc. began a five‐part study to determine the relationships between and the overlap in coverage in their printed publications and computer‐readable services. This study was designed to provide information needed by these three accessing services for planning future cooperative programs and for reconciling differences in policies and practices so as to make their publications and services more useful to their user communities.This paper is based on the first part of the study, which compared listings of the journals each service was routinely monitoring as of 1 May 1970. Of the 14,592 different journals monitored, 1 % were monitored by all three of the services, 27% were monitored by two of the three services, and 72 % were monitored by only one of the three services. Subsequent phases of the study will determine the extent to which the services cover the same articles within the journ

ISSN:0002-8231    

DOI:10.1002/asi.4630230108

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe U.S. Geological Survey's extensive bibliographic contributions to the earth sciences began in 1887 with the publication of theBibliography of North American Geology. The back‐of‐the‐book indexing system for this and other serials is a partially controlled, 3‐level hierarchical scheme of subject headings. Beginning in 1962 computer compatible electronic typesetting equipment was used for bibliographic and abstracts publications with an eye to eventual automated storage and retrieval. A search for an existing retrieval system that could be integrated with the existing publishing program without re‐indexing and would also meet the myriad operational and hardware constraints of the Survey's computer center resulted, in 1968, in the adoption of GIPSY (Generalized Information Processing System) developed by the University of Oklahoma. A particularly noteworthy feature of GIPSY is the ability to search variable‐field, variable‐length records for words, word stems, and prefixes or suffixes. Moreover, retrieved records may be printed in pre‐defined formats or formatted as fixed‐field, fixed‐length records for direct input to other programs, which facilitates exchange of data with other systems. Initial user resistance to automated literature searching was partially overcome by reducing the unwieldy printout to conventional page size and presenting the output in a bibliographic format very similar to the published bibliographies. It was generally felt by the users that more than 10 years of coverage are needed in order for earth scientists to consider that their searches have a reasonable chance of being useful because of the relatively long half‐life of geologic literature. Searches of abstracts provided better recall of relevant documents than search

ISSN:0002-8231    

DOI:10.1002/asi.4630230109

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA model identifying seven principal “dimensions” of information systems and sources is developed and tested. The dimensions are defined in terms of “required” user behavior, with an associated scale indicating differential “steps” or levels of this behavior. These required behavior dimensions are seen as yielding both system design information and probable use behavior information in compatible forms.An empirical test of the model is presented which focuses on determining if the suggested patterns of user behavior exist. Data for this test are self‐reports of information system use by R&D personnel. It is found that the dimensions do serve as a model for identif

ISSN:0002-8231    

DOI:10.1002/asi.4630230110

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAfter one year's operation of a Selective Dissemination of Information (SDI) program for personnel of the Air Force Materials Laboratory, the program was evaluated by personal interview. Although most people were receiving pertinent abstracts, they were also receiving many nonpertinent abstracts. The exposure to periodic distributions of abstracts permitted the recipients to identify factors causing nonpertinent retrievals. In an experiment, the profiles were modified by applying Boolean NOT logic to terms identified as causing non‐pertinent retrievals. The uniqueness of the approach is the systematic application of the Boolean NOT to profilesafterthe SDI users had examined all abstracts from the original profiles and rejected nonpertinent returns. Retrieval results obtained by both the original and modified profile strategies for the same document base were compared. The SDI users assessed the relevance of the documents retrieved under both conditions. Precision was markedly improved by the modified strategies, although some loss of relevant documents also occurred. A follow‐up study indicated greater user satisfaction with modified profiles; fewer nonpertinent abstracts were being received, yet the number of pertinent retrievals did not appear to be diminished. The careful use of the Boolean NOT technique applied to SDI profiles to improve precision was thus substantia

ISSN:0002-8231    

DOI:10.1002/asi.4630230111

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY