摘要:

AbstractCurrent guidelines for retrieval thesaurus design and maintenance recommend the use of relative frequency of occurrence of descriptors for the design and updating of a thesaurus. This study examined the extent to which Zipf and Whatmough's theory of quantitative semantics provides the theoretical justification for the current practice. The retrieval language of social sciences and science/technology was analyzed to test if the observed data on relative frequency conforms to the theoretical distribution of Zipf's law. Findings demonstrate that the principle of least effort serves to explain the pattern of use of the retrieval language in social sciences but not in science/technology. For social sciences, one may assume that the frequently occurring descriptors are indeed becoming semantically ambiguous thus requiring a greater variety of access points to the concepts that the more frequently occurring descriptors represent. No theoretical justification was found for using the frequency data in the design and updating of the descriptors of science/technology. Thus, this finding challenges the theoretical basis for the present practice of using frequency data for the design and updating of the retrieval thesauri of science/technology.

ISSN:0002-8231    

DOI:10.1002/asi.4630330102

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0002-8231    

DOI:10.1002/asi.4630330103

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe aim of this article is to propose a means of determining the similarity between search request formulations, which are Boolean combinations of descriptors. The similarity measures introduced can be used to cluster Boolean search request formulations. The search request formulation clusters can in turn be utilized in methods for clustering document representations. The initiation of the work on the methodology for determining similarity measures for Boolean search request formulations has been encouraged by hitherto performed experimental research into information retrieval systems with search request formulations in the form of sets of certain descriptors, i.e., in the same form as document representations. These experiments have shown a preponderance of those methods for clustering document representations that use previously formed clusters of search request formulations. We can expect that by using the proposed methodology for determining the similarity between Boolean combinations of descriptors, we might obtain similar results for the case of Boolean search request formulations. The introductory part of the article provides the background for undertaking the research reported. The underlying notions are then presented, and the proposed measures of similarity between Boolean search request formulations are justified and illustrated by examples. In addition, some experimental results concerning the suggested similarity measures are given.

ISSN:0002-8231    

DOI:10.1002/asi.4630330104

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMany methods have been suggested for representing text for storage on magnetic media or for transmission down telecommunication channels with fewer bits then are required by a conventional fixed‐length character representation. These methods are reviewed, and attention is drawn to the advantages of techniques in which variable‐length character strings are represented by a fixed number of bits. Such techniques are described in more detail. The advantages and disadvantages of implementing text compression in storage and telecommunications are discussed, and an indication is given of the types of hardware which may be used. The extent to which text may be compressed with the methods discussed, and approximate timings, are sta

ISSN:0002-8231    

DOI:10.1002/asi.4630330105

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis article reports on a comparison of the postcoordinate retrieval effectiveness of two indexing languages: LCSH and PRECIS. The effect of augmenting each with title words was also studied. The database for the study was over 15,000 UK MARC records. Users returned 5326 relevance judgments for citations retrieved for 61 SDI profiles, representing a wide variety of subjects. Results are reported in terms of precision and relative recall. Pure/applied sciences data and social sciences data were analyzed separately. Cochran's significance tests for ratios were used to interpret the findings. Recall emerged as the more important measure discriminating the behavior of the two languages. Addition of title words was found to improve recall of both indexing languages significantly. A direct relationship was observed between recall and exhaustivity. For the social sciences searches, recalls from PRECIS alone and from PRECIS with title words were significantly higher than those from LCSH alone and from LCSH with title words, respectively. Corresponding comparisons for the pure/applied sciences searches revealed no significant differences.

ISSN:0002-8231    

DOI:10.1002/asi.4630330106

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractProductivity and collaboration are defined in terms of a 1966 study of a scientific group. These two parameters in a humanistic subject, computational musicology, are compared with the earlier study. The two most collaborative musicologists are also most prolific. However, only 15% of the humanistic literature are involved in coauthorship as compared with 80% of the scientific subject. Although heavy collaboration is an effective mechanism to stimulate substantially higher productivity, there is also a distinct core of highly prolific musicologists who collaborate very little, if at all. We suggest that such evidence supports the traditional belief that the humanist has a general tendency to work alone.

ISSN:0002-8231    

DOI:10.1002/asi.4630330107

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis article addresses the importance of information resources in the foundation of an information‐ and knowledge‐based society and aims to encourage research in this area. An information resource is defined as a stock of information that has been societally institutionalized for reuse by one or many classes of users. An information‐based society depends on information production for its overall welfare, but information production requires continuous reuse of information, and therein lies the dependence of such a society on its information resources. After a review of definitions and models of information production, a life cycle model is presented as a way to clarify and conceptualize information resources. The life cycle phases consist of generation, institutionalization, maintenance, enhancement, and distribution. An information resource stands at the midpoint of the life cycle, integrating and coordinating the various actors and activities of these phases. The article attempts to show that information resources as economic “goods” do not reflect the assumptions on which economic models have been built in the past because they involve nonlinear, nonequilibrium, evolutionary processes. Various types of research are needed to disaggregate the economic and institutional infrastructures of information

ISSN:0002-8231    

DOI:10.1002/asi.4630330108

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractConsiderable interest has been shown in problems associated with ranking journals in accord with their relative importance. With the publication ofJournal Citation Reports, regularly updated ranking indicators, based on citation analysis, are made readily available. These indicators have been shown to have significant correlations with scientists' evaluations of the relative importance of journals in the biomedical sciences, but not the physical sciences. This article examines the situation in the social sciences, and finds a strong association between sociologists' evaluations of journal rank and particular citation rank indicators. This suggests thatSocial Science Journal Citation Reportscould prove a valuable aid to journal selection for libraries and information systems.

ISSN:0002-8231    

DOI:10.1002/asi.4630330109

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPrinting errors may creep into reprint requests. This affected my papers on Joseph Coats in theScottish Medical Journaland on childhood cancer in theMedical Journal of Australia.Thus, their titles, as listed inCurrent Contents, were afflicted by the printer's devil and thereby contained respectively one insertion and one deletion error. Analysis of the faulty requests revealed that as high as 85% displayed each error printed inCurrent Contents.Furthermore, fully 53% of all requests were from the United States. Both trends are of interest in the field of information science.

ISSN:0002-8231    

DOI:10.1002/asi.4630330110

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0002-8231    

DOI:10.1002/asi.4630330112

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY