摘要:

AbstractBibliographic references to a wide variety of informational materials can be prepared by using the examples presented in this abbreviated version of the forthcoming American National Standard for Bibliographic References. Types of materials described are journals, monographs, patents, conference proceedings, reports, legal materials, newspapers, trade catalogs, letters, manuscripts, dissertations, maps, music (printed), sound recordings, motion pictures, audiovisual materials, video‐recordings, art works, computer programs, and data file

ISSN:0002-8231    

DOI:10.1002/asi.4630280102

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractOn‐line interactive literature searching systems have “come of age” and have revolutionized information retrieval techniques. They are now widely used for subject‐oriented searching. Much more than subject information is available in most of the data bases currently available, such as author names, corporate affiliations, journal titles, and CODEN. These are useful for bibliometric‐type studies, that is, quantitative analysis of the bibliographic features of a body of literature. Several examples are given, including journal comparison studies, corporate affiliation studies, and statistical studies.Inconsistencies and errors in data bases become important, and the searcher must be alert to their existence. Indexing policies of the different data bases must also be taken into cons

ISSN:0002-8231    

DOI:10.1002/asi.4630280103

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe conventional interpretation of Shannon's mathematical theory of communication in relation to textual material is unduly restrictive and unhelpful. A reinterpretation which is based on the definition of new symbol sets, comprising approximately equally‐frequent strings of characters, is presented. It is shown to have wide applicability in computer‐processing of texts. Moreover, it provides a more general formalism for considering methods of representing, storing and retrieving the subject content of docume

ISSN:0002-8231    

DOI:10.1002/asi.4630280104

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSince 1964, as an adjunct to its automated technical information processing services to ERDA and other federal agencies, a generalized language translation system has been used by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) to translate Russian scientific text to English. The translation system, first implemented at Georgetown University around 1960, has been rewritten and improved through the years as computer models changed. Although the translations lack high literary quality, the system, by means of its context sensitive dictionary, nevertheless provides inexpensive, fast and highly useful translations of scientific literature.The method used involves a linguistically‐oriented programming language called Simulated Linguistic Computer (SLC), with which a language‐specific dictionary can be written for use by the translation system. The dictionary entry for any word can be augmented by procedures which permit its meaning to be modified by its context; more general linguistic procedures operate on the sentence as a whole.In an evaluation of user reaction, over ninety percent of the respondents rated the machine translation (MT) service “good” or “acceptable” on translations of their subject specialty. Development, implementation, and documentation of the system are continuing, as we meet increasing requests for service and attempt new applications of th

ISSN:0002-8231    

DOI:10.1002/asi.4630280105

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCitations to articles published during 1960 in three “core” sociological journals, cited in ten sociological journals (1961‐70), are examined. One‐third of the articles were not cited at all, while only eleven percent of the cited articles were cited in more than one‐half (six or more) of the journals. Articles are more likely to be cited in core journals than in specialized journals. Studies of the reading and citing practices of authors are needed. Finally, it is suggested that the core journals may not play an integrating role within sociology and that greater attention should be focused on the specialty

ISSN:0002-8231    

DOI:10.1002/asi.4630280106

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe primary objective of this paper is to examine the concept of about as it is used in its information retrieval sense when, for example, an indexer judges that a document is (or is not)aboutsome given subject. The problem withaboutis that it is a very complex notion and we are unable to say precisely what it is we do when we make judgment ofaboutness. Sinceaboutis at the heart of indexing, how are we to formulate any proper theory of indexing if we cannot explicate precisely the key concept ofabout?In this paper we look at this concept ofaboutand offer a solution to the problem mentioned; it consists of an operational definition ofaboutwhich interpretsaboutin terms of search behavior.A second objective of this paper is to show thataboutis, in fact, not the central concept in a theory of document retrieval. A document retrieval system ought to provide a ranked output (in response to a search query) not according to the degree that they areaboutthe topic sought by the inquiring patron, but rather according to the probability that they will satisfy that person's information need. This paper shows howaboutnessis related to probability of satisfaction.

ISSN:0002-8231    

DOI:10.1002/asi.4630280107

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDuring the past few years the National Center of Scientific and Technological Information (COSTI) in Israel, has made an effort to plan the national information services. This planning activity has required the formalization of a science information policy as a background for its development. Following a short description of present COSTI activities, some policy considerations specific to Israel are elaborated upon and their application to future planning is discussed.

ISSN:0002-8231    

DOI:10.1002/asi.4630280108

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0002-8231    

DOI:10.1002/asi.4630280109

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0002-8231    

DOI:10.1002/asi.4630280110

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0002-8231    

DOI:10.1002/asi.4630280112

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY