摘要:

Issued 16/4/1896. PROCEEDINGS OP THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY. EDITED BY THE SECRETARIES. No.163. Session 11395-96 March 1!9tli, 1896. Mr. A. G. Vernon Harcourt, President, in tlie chair. Xi*.Hugh Candy TITAS formally admitted a Fellow of the Society. Of tbe followitig papers t,hose marked * were rend :-"37. '' The constitution of a new organic ac d resulting from the oxida-dation of tartaric acid." By Henry J. Horstman Fenton, M.A. This paper give.; an account of numerous experiments whicli the autlior has recently made with a view of investigating the constitu- tion uf the new acid, C4H40s,obtained by the oxidation of tartaric acid in presence of iron, I\ hicli has been described in former conimu-nications. The molecular tve;ght, basicity, and several characteristic relation- ship of the acid having been already established, a choice is left between (1)the ketonic formula C1loH'CQOH, and (2) the clihyc1r.o-ICOCOOH C-OHCOOHxylic formula II The acid might assume both forms, orC*OH*COOH’ if represented by the second formula, a fumaroid and maleinoid modification would be expected.The following is a brief sutnmary of the principal results obtainecl :-The absence of a ketonic group is demonatratell by the behaviour of phenylhydrine and of hydroxylamine. These agents have no action whatever upon the methyl and ethyl esters, 2nd the crpst;rlline coni-po~iridswbich they produce with the free acid are shomn to be the respective normal salts. The presence of two alcoholic hydroxyl groups is sliown by tlle actions of acetyl chloride, herizoyl clilorirle, and acetic auhlpcliide, and the unsaturated nat ure of tlie acid is indicated, directly or indirectly, hy sewral of its rcactions.These facts leare 110 clonbt, that prefer- ence murt be given to the second formnln, and on account,of the grext iiistaLility of tlie acid and nornial nniline snlts and for Other rcasons, it is concluded that the acid belongs to the inaleic f;eries. By the action of hydrogen bromide in acetic acid solution, an acid ic; o1)t:tined which has the same composition as the original acid, nucl many of its properties are similar. But its cq-stulline form is alto-getliw different, and it; acid aniline salt shows a mur.h greater stability it1 aqiieoub soliltion.It is sl1ggScsted that this product ?nay lje the con*esponding dihjc?roxTf urnayic acid, the formation of which c.ould be readily understood from two intermediate compounds which hi\e been isolated. “38. ‘‘ The volume and optical relationships of the potassium, rubidium and cmium salts of the monoclinic series, R2M(S0,)2,6H.0.” ByA. E. Tutton, ASSOC. R.C.S. In this communication me presented the results of a detailed in-vestigation of the physical propertics of the same 22 salts whose morphological I-elar ionsliips were dmcribed in a fomier memoir (Traiis., 1893, 63,337). ‘rhe main coiiclusions are as follows :-I. The whole of tlie salts of the serirs c.xhibit a common cleavage dire< tion parallel to the orthodomc +’{%I1>.2. The relative density increases by an approximately constant amount for each of tlie two specific changes throughout the series, when pot’assium is replaced by rubidium, or the latter by ctesium ; the difference evoked by the former cliaige is larger than that pro-duced by the latter in tho proportion of 5 : 4. 3, A similar constant incre:wl oL’cuimsin the mo’ecnlar volume, the replacement of potassium by rubidium being invariably accornpa1,iied by an increase of about 9.3 units, nhlle tile intercliange of czsium for rub;c'liurn rewlts in tlie larger increase of about 13 units. Th:e deterniinntion of the molecular volume is almrst exclurively B f unc-tioil of the alkali nictnl, change of the second metal being practically unnccompaniecl by any change of volume.4.The replacernelit of potassium by rubidium, or the latter by cEsiuin, is accompnnied by a marked increase in the separntion of tlie btruciural units along each of the axial directions. Tfie elemeu- tal distance ratios of any rubidium salt of the series are consequently itrtc~iiiediate between those of the potassium and cxsium salts con- taining tlie same secdnd metal. The effect is greatest when caesium rep1ar(1 s ru bi di11in. 5. The orientation of the Fariable axes of the optical indicatrix, ljiiig in the sjmmet,ry plane, of every rubidium salt of the series is inteimectiate between that of the potassium and ct.esium salts con-taining the same second metal. Tlie replacement of rubidium by rzsium is accompanied hy a much greater change of orientation tlhan the ill terchange of rubidium for poti~s~iiim. 6.The refractive indices of any rubiclium salt of the series are without exception intermediate between those of the corresponding potassium and cmium salts, and neuyest) to those of the potassium salt. 1111 increase it1 tlie atomic weight of tlre contained alkali metal is a:,compnnied hy an increme of refractive power, and the increaqe in refraction becomes relatively greater as the atomic weight becomes higher. 7. The relative velocities of light ribmtion along the -three axes of tlie optical ellipsoid of every rubidium salt of tlie series are inter-mediate between those dong the correspgnding direct ions in the anaioqous potassium and czesium salts.Increase in the atomic weiqlit of the alkali metal is accompanied by an increaseof resistance to the vibrations of light waves along each ellipsoidal axis, arid this alterfition is much the greatest when cmium replares rubidium. 8. An increase in the atomic weiglit of tlle :Ilkali met;il is accom- panied by convergence of the vulues of the velocity along the three axial directions towards uuity, arid consquently by a diminut,ioii in the double refraction. This property is already feeble in the potas- sium salts, and it is extremely weak in the cEsium salts; the rubiciinln salts occupy an intermediate position in this respect. 9. CEsiuni nickel sulphate differs from tlie other salts of the series in exhibiting negative double refraction, the usual sign beiltg positive.This fnct is directly due to the opwation of the preceding rule; owing to the fact that in the potassium nickel salt the two nearest of the three values of tile velocity are at their maximurll separation for the set ies, the rule of progressive convergence causes it to happen that iu the cesium salt the third value has approached 70 nearest the intermediate valne, and this reverses the sign of double refraction. This interesting fact would have been inexplicable with- out the rule now established. JO. Another extraordinary result of the rule is afforded in the caw of cEsium magnesium sulphate, where, owing to the separation of the two nearest values of the velocity being at its minimum for the potassium salts of the series in potassium rnagnesiiim sulpliate, tlie progressive convergence actually resnl ts in tlime two values arriving at unitj in the cEsinm salt, which consequently exhibits simulated uniaxial refraction phenomena.11. The whole of the specific and molecular optical constants, calculated by nieans of the formulit: of either Lorenz or Gladstone and Dale, for every rubidium salt of the series are intermedi:tte between those of the potassium and cmiuni salts containing the same second nietal. An increase in tlie n.tomic weight of the alkali metal is accompanied by a diminution in tlie specific constants and an incrcnre in the molecnlar conshiits, the former being greatest when rubidium replaces potassium, and the latter when cmium replaces rubicli nni.These rnles are independent of temperature. 12. Excluding tlie salts containing maqnesiurn, for a reason con-nect& with the statcment in pai-ng:.’aph 10, the optic axial anyle o€ everp rnhitlium salt is intermediate between the optic axial angles of the anidogons potassiiim an(l czsiiim sdts. 13. In the i~iagnesirittiwits tlrc progressive chnnge proccecls as usual as far as the rul,iclinni wit, but owing to the ex+raoidinaiy relations of the velocitieq o€ liy!it vih,ttiou whcn tlie c:esium salt is rcac!ied, as stated in paragraph 10, c,?ssiux magnesium sulpliate exhibits speci:dly interesting optic axial angle phenomena. The coincidence oi two of tlic velocaitlj- values is only absolute for wai7e-leiigtli 4Z0 iu the blue, for wliicli thc uniaxial CIOSS and ciiwhr rings are produced.Hence the salt exhibits very large dispersion in crossed axial planes for otlier ware-lengths, and great sensi tiveuess of the optic axial angle to cliange of tthmperature. These remarkable phenomena, almost uniqne as regards rnoiioclinic symmetry, are the direct result of the rule regilding the velocity of light vibi-ation, 14 A 11i-ogiessive alteration in the optic axial angle occurs upon rise of temperature, tlie rubidium salts being always affected in an intermediate manner. 15. So completely general are the rules given in the preceding paragraphs, that it is possible to predict the crys tallograpliical characters of the two hitherto unprepared potassium salts of the series cont,~ining manganese and cadmium. 16.Tlre find conclusion of the investigation is that the alkali metal R exerts a predominating iiifluvnce in determinirig the charac- 71 tem of the crystals of this series, and the whole of the crjstallo- graphi cal p1.0 1)crties of the potassiurn, 1-ubidi um, and c~si u in salts coiitaiiiiiig the same second metal 31 are, in the case of every such group throughout the seriey, fuiictious of the atomic weight of the alkali metal which they contain. “39. “Comparison of the results of the investigations of the simple and double sulphates containing potaksium, rubidium and caxium.” By A. E. Tutton, Assoc. R.C.S. The anthor institutes a comparison of the whole of the expel-i- mental results derived from the investigations of tlie rhornbic simple alkaline sulpliates and of the nionoclinic double salts of the series R,M(lO4),,6H,O.It is showii that the whole of the nir rpliological and physical characters of the crystals of the rhocnloic normal sulphates of potassium, rubidium, aucl caesium, and of‘ any group of the inonoclinic double sulphates of the series R,M(SO,),,tiE,O, iii which ttliose simple salts of the tliiee alkali metals are combined with the snlphates of either rnagnesium, zinc, iron, maiqaiiese, nickel, cobalt, copper, or cadmium, while exhibiting the same sym-metry and tlie general siniilari ties proper to isomorphous sc ries, present well defined differences which ate functions, and 1 sually accelerating functions, of the atomic weight of the alkali metal which they contain.*40. “ The bearing of the results of the investigations of the simple and double sulphates coritaining potassium, rubidium, and czsium upon the nature of the structural unit.” By A. E. Tutton, Assoc. R.C.S. The author arrives at the following conclusions :-(1) The absence of any considerable contraction in volume when the alkaline sulphate enters into the double mlphate, as contrasted with the relatively enormous contractiou which occurs when the various atoms combine to form the chemical molecule of the alkaline sulpliate, topthcr with the facts that tbe double salt is only known in the solid ciy-tallised condition, and that many of the individual members of the series are eminently unstable, render it highly iniprobable that there is chemical union between the molecular co;istituents of the double sulphates, and indicate that theie is no necessity to assume linkage of any kind, but merely aggregation in accordance with such a type of homogeneous structure as ensures that they are always present in the production of crystals it is notthe same proportion.(2) IK~ necessary to suppose that any other structural unit? fire concerned than the chemical molcculcs of the chemical compound in question 72 or of the constituent chemical compounds in the cases of double salts or salts contailling water of crystallisation, aud the observed €act of the constancy of molecular proportions of tlie two latter is entirely accounted for by the nature of the type of honiogeneous structure in which they find equilibrium.(3) The pedetic or “ Brownian ” motion of small particles, capillarity, convection cur-rents, or my other sliglitlg agitating forces which assist the chemical molecules to take up this condition of equilibrium necessary €or the production of a homogeneous structure, will assist crystallisation. The molecular forces wliose domain of: actioii has been shown iiot to extend beyond a very few molecular d’stanres, need only be concerned in maintaining the general cohesion. (4) Considering the chemical molecule as the structural unit, in general such units will not he endowed with the same symmetry as the crystal ; it may have higher, eq~iil,or lower symmetry according to the specific constitution ofthe molecule. This is in complete accordance with the generalisation of 13arlow concerning the homogeneous portioning of space, niid the conclusion of Focli derived from the tlieory of solid solutions.(5)ri1he more heterogenous the constitntion of a crj stallised subskame, tlie lower in general is its type of symmetry. (6) The nature of the predominating faces, as being the planes most closely studded with similar “points,” together nil h the directions of cleavage, agree in indicating that the type of homogeneons structure of the siiriple alkaline sulphates is that of the rectangular pinncoidal prism, and that of the double sulpliatcs the primary monoclinic prism, prohnbly type 64a of Barlow.(7) Tiie phenomenon of tlie rotation of the optical ellipsoid of the donble sulphates, when the atomic weiglit of the alkali metal is changed, is completely accounted for by the iicccptance of the above simple constitution for tbe double salis together with the suggestion of Barlow that the orientation of tl c: optical ellipsoid is the resultant of a process of avwagiiig the directional retardations experienced by light waves in trarersing tlie homogeneous structure, due to the arrangement of the molecular matter. The greater amount of rotatiail wlien czsium replaces rubidium than when the lattm rep1 ices potassiuni, is thus the direct rcsult of the correspondingly greater increase of volume, largely in ii paiticular direction, which is observed.“41.IfThe hydriodides of hydroxylamine.” By Wyndharn R. Dnnstan, F.R.S.,znd Ernest Goulding. The authors have isolated two hjdriodides of bydroxyla mine, (NH,O),HI and (NH,O),HI,from the interaction of methyl iodide and a solution of hydroxylamirle in methyl alcohol, these salts being formed in additiori to the t~irnet;lilplhydroxylamiiiehydriodide previously de- 73 sci-ibed (Proc., 1894,138). The normal hjdriodide (SH,O*HI)couId not be found. The same hydriodides may be formed by mixing strong aqueous hydriodic acid with the calculated quantitJ of hydrnxylamine, dissolved in methyl alcohol. Both salts cryatallise well, but when recrgstallised from methyl alcohol or frozii water, gradu:illy lose lijdroxjlamine.l'he t8rihydroxylamine salt is the more stable, aud may be preserved unchitriged in dry air. Both silts are acid to litmus. All attenlpts to obtain the normal salt (NLI,O*HI), by direct and indirect methods, have failed; its solution is very uristable and rapidly decomposes, iodine being liberated. 42. "An analysis of the water from the dropping well at Knares-borough, in Yorkslire." By B. A. Burrell. The history of this remarkable spring is noticed at some length, from which it appears that its petrifjing qualities were knowu in 1534. A complete analysis has now been made. The total solids amount to 162 435 grains per gallon, of which 114.37 grains are calciuni sulphate, 25.48 calcium carbonate, arid 17 niapesium snlphate.Traces of mniiganese and strontium were found. 43. '' Contributicns to t.he knowledge of ethylic acetoecetate. Part I. Acetonylnialic acid." by S. Ruhtmann, Ph.D., MA., and E. A. Tyler. By the action of the sodium derivative of ethplic acetoacetate on ethylic clilorofumarate the authors hid that the two stereoisomeric ethereal salbs of the acetoaconitic acids are not formed, but that in both c.1ses one and the sanie compound of the formula, CH,.C 7.C00C,H,1 vI-I*COOC2H5, 0.C'H.C00C&l, is formed, which is to be rcgarded as ethylic methyldihydrofhrfuran- tricarboxplate (b. p. 18&--lt5", under a pressure of 15 mni.). This c oiistitution is supported by the chemical and physical prqwties of the substance. Ammonia reacts with the ethereal salt, forining a conipound, which most probably has the formula, C-CONH, H\~~.~~~~z~,cH3'CI HN,/CHOHI CO 74 (m.p. 195O), wl~ilstin the hjdrolysis of the furfaran derivative, brought about by alcoholic potash, acetonylmalic acid, CI33*C0H:CH* 7H a C00H CHOH*COOH (in. p. 145-146"), is produced. 44. 'I The action of lead thiocyanate on the chlcrocarbonic esterc. Part I. Carboxyethylthiocarbimide aiid its derivatives." ByRobert E.Doran. In July, 1895, the existence of di-acidyltliiocnrbimiclcs in solufion w:is shown by Dixon and L)orm (rL'iTnns., 67, S65), aud the present communication contaiiis :>n account of the preparation of a mwe highly oxidised thiocwhimide. Intcxtction occur3 between lend thiocyanate and et,liyl clilorocarbonate in accordance with tiie equation, 2EtO.CO-Cl + Pb(S,CN), = 2XtO.CO.NCS + PbCI2, and the product was obtaiiied by distillation under dirriinislied pressure as a colourless highly refiwtire liquid, possessing a pungent fungus-like odour aud the general propertics of a thiocarbimicle.The folio\\-iiig derivatives were prepared and examined :-C,B,O.CO.NH*CS.INI-I.C,Hj. ab-Ctr/.toll.ycfhy7p21enyIthz'oca?.bami(7e7 From the thiocai*bimitle and aniline : pure white, apparently mono-clinic tables, m. p. 1:30°. C,B,O.CO.NH.CS.N~iC,B,.CH , ab-cui.bos7Jethy7heizz?/Ztl,iocai1,-ai,,ide. By interaction M ith benz~laiiiliiie : coluurle,cs needles, in. p. 1C 6-5-107.5". C,H ,O*C0-KH.CS-NH-CsH5,CH3, ab-carboay ethyZoyf hotoZjlthioccn~b-nw7ide.Eg interaction w:th o-toluidine : long white prisms, m. p. 152.5". C,H,O.C 0.N H.CS*NH*C,H5.CHJ, ab-cad on.~ethylpiai.citolylfhiocn~b-anzide. By interaction mith p-toluidiiie : white, glisteiliiig, flattwed prisms, m. p. 148-149O. iocnl-b-C,H ,O * C0* Tu'H * CS* li H* C ,H,, ab-ca1.6cayet7, y I-a -17 (7 p 11t1,y I t1~ nqzide. By interaction with a-naphthylamic : granular prisms, m. p. lbr3-183.5O. C,H,O*CO *NH*C S-NH.C,,,H,, ah-cai.boqefhyZ-P-naphtl,yZthiocn1.7,-cl~~&ie. Faintfy pi1 k plntcs. havirg a peariy lustre, m. p. 155--155*5O. C,H50*CO~NH~CS~KHI.c,H,(CH3)z,ab-cal.boz~/eth2/Z?)?e~ozy7yZt7~io-cni4amide. By interaction with m-xylidine : pearly lozenges, m. p. 1.?2*.5-153". C.H ,O * C0.NH.C P*NH.C,H,O €3, aha7 toxyethyZ-p-?iydwxyphrny Z-thim a7 hawide.By intcmction with p-amidophenol: oblique, rhombic prisms, m. p. 198*5--109". C2H50*CO*NH*CS-KH-CH,. R b-carboxyethyl?netli~ilthiocal.ba,nide. By interaction with met hylaniine : long prisms, in. p. 119--12~". C H50C0 NH*CS ?u' FT* C2H5,nb-cadl0ryethyI ef h!/ lthic KUTOaTH ide. Byinteraction with ethvlaltliiie : hie oblique prisms, m. p. 79-80". C2H50*CO*NH*CS.KT11.C,H9, ab-cul-bo~yethyZiso~Z~~~Z~h~~~,a?.~a~~~~~~f. By interaction with isobutylarnine : feathery tufts of needles, m. p. 53-5 BO. C2H50*C0.N:C:NH2-SH, cn~BoryethyZthiozi,.ea. By in ternction with amiiioiiia : long prisms, in. p. 139---140°. C',II,O*CO.N:C :XiC,H,. :'6H,,CH,-( SH), cai.hoa.yeth2/Z~,he~a?/lbenzy?-thiourea. By hteractioii with benxj.Ianiline : long needles, m.p. 92--9A3. C',H,O.CO.~:C:NH.(',H,,.SH, cci?.bo,?lyethyZ~ipP?.itZylthioins.bn?nidP. By interaction with pip~~i.idine : fine interlaced needles, m. p. 99-99.5'. K*vH'c6H51cnr*bos~ethC2H,0*CO*N'H*C<SI; ylphen y7se))iifIi ioccwbazide. By interaction with phenylhydrazine : fine white needles, m. p. 146.5'. r71he five -following esters of tliiot~a~bamicacid were obtained by treating the corresponding alcohols M itt-1 the tliiocarbiriiide :-methylic cc;o-bo~yethylfhiocal-bLcC2H,0*CO*NH*CS-OCH,, mute. Fea-thery tufts of needles, m. p. 65-66'. C 8,O.C OqNH-CS -0C2H5,etliyZic curboryethyZtliiocadia?nafe (carb-ox~c.thyl-P-thiourethaiie).Rosettes of faintly Ieliow needles, m.11. 44-45O. C,HtI,O.CO.NH.CS*OC,H;, TliickpwpyZic ctr,-boi.yFthl/2thiocis.b~~~ntc. yellow piisins, m. p. 31-32' C?H,O* C0 N€I* CS 0C I-i Ir, ieoI, 1 i fyZic cartc qef hyZ k lliocarban7nte. A pale grceni+h-;vello~liqiiid, which did not solitlify at -8". c1,E-T50*CO*NH.CS*0C6H5,C€32, benzyZic cadmxyethy ZthiocaTbmzaf e. Tufts of white needles, m. p. 66-6'7'. 111 the course of this investigation it is shown that the three follow-ing substances, "ethjlic thionleophanate " (Peitzsch, Berichte, 7, &PG), "ethylic phenylthioaleophanate '* and "ethylic isophenylthioaleo- Prakf. Chena., ['L]. 32,%;1)hare beenphanate " (Seidel, JOZW?~. incorrectly named. The first-mentioned appears to be a pseudo-thiourea ; the second an unstable equi-molecular combination of ethyl chlorocarbonate and phenyl thiocarbamide ; whilst the third is identical wit h the symmetrical carboxyethylpheiiylthiocarbamide obtained by the writer.45. "An auxiliary assay balance." By Robert Law, F.I.C. This paper describes a new form of balance applied to bullion aesajing, the object of ~hichis t.o give the weight of the gold “cornet” with sufficient accuracy to enable the assayer to put the correct weiglit in the pan of the ordinary assay balance, and to decide the remaining frac-tions by means of the rider done. This auxi1iat.g balance is of such dimensions as to be easily nccomrnoclated in tlhe case of the ordinary assay balance. The advantages claimed are-1. Saving of time in weighing mben gold of t-;trying finenesses is under assay.2. Reduction of the wear ir?the weights. 3. Increased life for the ordinary assay balmce. 4. Aroidance of much of the concentrated attention which tends to make the assayer’s work mono tonous. 43. (( Charas: the resin of Indian hemp.” By T.B.Wooq, M.A., W.T. N. Spivey, M.A., B.Sc., and T. H. Easterfield, M.A., Ph.D. The authcra have exatitined “ chnrns,” the exuded resin of Caiaiinbis indica, with a view to the isolation of the active principle. The met’hod adopted consisted in the fractional distillation of the ethereal extract prepared from the crude substmce. By this means four com-pounds were isclated:--(l) A terpene, b. p. 170-180”. (2) A sesquiterpene, b. p. 25S-25Yo, identical with that previously obtained by Valentrt from Personne’s “cannabene,” the green oil obtained wlien the hemp plant is distilled with water.(3) A paraffin, prob- ably C,,H6,, m. p. 63.5-64’. (4) A red oil, formula C19H2i02,serni-solid below 60°, and boiling constantly at 265” at 20 inm. pressure ; this couipound is present to the extent of 33 per cent. in the sample of cliaras examined. In doses of 0.05 gram it produces intoxication, fullvwed by sleep. The substance hws also been isolated by the authors from a number of pharmaceutical preparations made from the plant. The resin as prepared by T. & H. Smith in 1847 contains no less than 80 per cent. of the oil. There can be no doubt that the characteristic action of Indian hemp is due to the presence of this compouud, the constitution of which is under investigation.47. “ Note on the deccmposiiicn of a-chlorcnitrccampbor.” By Arthur Lapworth, D.Sc. It has long been known that a-bromo-and a-cliloi~o.nitrocrtrnphor nndergo, wben heated, a somewhat violent decomposition, resultiiig in the liberation of nitrous fumes and free halogen and t,hc forma-tion of pToducts of uiiknown composition. The author has examined the residual mixtures, and has succecded in obtaining, by the decom- position of a-cliloronitrocnm~~lior,some qnantity of n ellow snb-stance, which cq-stallises in long needles melting at 196-19S0, volntilises slightly at the ordinary temperature, and yields n hgdr-azune melting at 169-171”. This substance proves to be identical 77 with the camphorquinone obtained by Claisen (Bcr., 22, .530) from isonitroso-camphor. Found C = 72.1; H = 8.6.Required for C,oHl,O,, C = 72.3 ; H = 8.4 per cent. 48. “a-BromocRmphor” By C. Revis, As oc. C.G.Inst., and F. StanleyKipping, Ph.D., D.Sc. The dextrorotatory 7i--niOnob1’o~i0camfih~r7which was first obtaiiied by heating camphorsulphonic bromide (Kipping and Pope, Trans., 67, 1895, 371), can be more conveniently prepared from az--dibromo-camphor (Zoc. cit.). The last mimed substance is readily attacked in alcoholic solution by sodinm amalgam, and, under suitalde conditions, the a;-halogen atom only is displaced by hydrogen with formation of 7;--bromocimphor; the substitution of hydrogen for the a-halogen atom may also be accomplished with the aid of zinc-dust and acetic acid.The jield of the .ir-bromocaniphor is good in both cases, but other products are also formed : the odonr of camphor is very notice- able when reduction has proceeded for some time, and a crystalline substance meltiug at 248” has been isolated in smal: quantities. This bye-product does not contain bromine, and its forrriation appears to be the ~*esult of condensation, an artaljsis having given results which point to the formula C20H:o02.It cqstallises in colourless heniimorphic prisms from dilute ttlcohol, and is readily soluble in chlc/u&rrn, benzene, and acetic acid. As rr-bromocamphor is now ob tainalole in large quantities witho at much difficulty, its derivatives are being investigated.It is easily converted into a ci ybtalline oxinie, which melts at 124.5”. YLis oxime crystallises f~c~ni dilute aluoliol in c olourless needles, and is readily soluble iu chloroform, ethjIic acetate, benzene, &c. The study of the oxime is of particular interest, bccause if its chemical behayioar should prove to be analcgous to that of cam-phoroxime-as seems to be tho case-it mill be possible to discuss the structural formulzt: for the campholenic acids from a totally liew point of view. 49. ‘I Oxidation products of a-bromocamphorsuIphonic acid.” By Arthur Lapworth, D.Sc., and F. Stanley Kipping, Ph.D., D.Sc. In the hope of obtaining a new series of oxidation products from camphor, the authors have commenced the examination of the coni-pounds M hich are formed on boiliug moderately concentrated nitric acid wi t,h ammoniuxn a-brom ocamphorsulp hona t e.After heating during many hours, the nitric acid solution contains a small quantity of a substance which is almost insoluble in water, and is deposited in crptals on cooling and diluting. This conipbuud 78 separates from acetic acid in fine, orthorhombic prisms. It melts at 138--189",and is insoluble in cold dilute sodium carbonate solut'on ; it appears to be a suZpltoZactorLe derived from a hydroxydibromocam-phorsolphonic acid by the elimination of one molecular proportion of water. Found, C = 31.4, H = 2-96, Br = 41.3,S = 8.5per cent. C1K,,SO4Br, requires C = 30.9, H = 3.09, I3r = 41.2, S == 8 2 per cent.The acid filtrate from this crystalline substance contains sulphuric acid, but in quantitips which show that only a very partial elimina- tiou of the sulphonic group has occurred during the oxidation. After removing the sulphuric acid and repeatedly evaporating the filtered svlution until almost free from nitric acid, there remains a thick acid sj-rup, from wliicli it is very difficult to isolate the several con-stituents; this is owiiig to the Fact that the product consists of hyyi oscopic sulphoiiic aciils which do not lend themselves to tlie orcimary proce-ses of extraction, distillntioii, precipitation, &c. As the result of a number of operations, however, two crystalline substances have so far' been obtairiecl from this mixture.One of these is a sulpliouic acid wliicli crystallises from a mixture of iiietliyl alcohol arid etliylic acetate in ppuuitld foruis, ancl melts at about 156--l5S0, with evolution o€ gns ; tt is cornpound is very readily soluble in water, from which it sepwates it1 hjdrated crystsls melt- iiiq at 128-133". Analysis of the mihydrous substance gave results agreeing with those required for a hyilro.ryc~ib?.onzGcninph,7rsulphorLic acid. (Found C = 29.9, H = 3.8, Br = 38.4, S = 8.1 per cent. Calculated for C,,€I,,S0513r2, C = 29.5, H = 3.5, BY= 39.4, S = 7.9 per cent ). The other compound isolated from the mixtnre is apparently the ammonium dibjdrogen salt of a rr-sulphocamphoric acid. (Found C = 40 2, H = G 4 pt~cent. Ca,lculated for C10H1504*S02*OKH4,C = 40.4, H = 6.4 per cent.), but it requires further analysis ; it separates fmm alcolio!ic ethyl acetate in micro- scopic plates, and is extremely soluble in water, but nearly insoluble in cold acetone.When the crude, syrupy oxidation product is freed hom water as much as possible, and then treated with phosphorus pentabromide, it yields a considerable proportion of products, which are nearly in- soluble in water ; from these it is easy to isolate a compound which crgstallises from acetone in lustrous prisms, and decomposes at about 19Lo with effervescence ; this substance is irisoluble in cold, dilute sodium carbonate solution, and only spayingly soluble in most of the ordinary organic solvents ; it seems to be a sulphor,ic byomide derived froin hydroxydibromocamphorsulphouic acid. The formation of the ctil,ro~o-der.ivatives described in this note must be partly attributed to the actiun of the bromiue which is 79 liberated during the oxidation of some of the bromocamphorsulph- oiiic acid to sulphocamphoric acid.50. ''On the xylic and xylidinic acids." By William Henry Bentley, and William Henry Perkin, jun. The oxidation of pseudocumene by dilate nitric acid was first carried out by Fittig and Lanbiriger (dmznZen, 151, 2.57) who, by this means obtained xylic and pnraxylic acids, methyl terephthxlic acid, aiitl some nitro-compounds. Tlie authors have found that in acillition a small qnantity of methyl isuphthnlic acid, CH,.C,H,(COOH), [CH,: COOB : COOH = 1:2:4], is produced, which is separated from its isomeride bj the fractional ci~y~tallisationof the metliylic salts.Jfoi.fhyZicrneth!,Ztei.ephthrlZutP crystallises from the metliylic nlcoliol in needles riielling at 58-60", while methylic metliylisophthslate separates in needles melting at 73". Tile reduction products of all four acids are being st'uclied in orclcr to compare their properties with those of some acids obtained froiii camphoric acid. Pal-asylic acid, (CH,),*C,H,*COOH [CH,: CH,: COOH = 1:2 :41, when recincerl with socliuin and nmylic ~lcoholyields a mixture of tet1*i1-and hexa-hydroparaxylic acid. ~etraliydl-~~ni.nn.ylioacid, C,H,,*COOH, cryshllises frotn light petrolcum in prisms melting at R3O and rcaclily ;L?IFOT~IS broniine forming a dil)rorn-acit-l,C9H1?Br2.CO0H,which melts at 121-123'.Here~hyil?.opcri.rr,,.!jl,cacid, C,H,,*COOH, is an oil with a disagreeable smell, boiling at 2;l" under a pressure of 741 mm. Ethy Z;c he,~riIiytli.cpurte.rylate, C,HI,.COOC, H5,is n plea sailt smelling oil boiling at 224' (i.X mm.). The anilide of hex ihydropnrnxxlic acid, C,H,,.CO*NH-C,H,, separates from light petroleum in prisms i~eltiiigat 113-1 1.5'. Hca.cL72yd?-o~a,-i~~~ZicchZoyide, C,H,,.C 0431, is a liquid liaviiig a dis-agreeable odour, boiling at llOo(25 nim.). 11 rc~qEthyl ic bromli cxci lzyd~op 7are, C, H,,Br.C 00C2H5, is a 11eavy liquid, boiling at 170-180O (60 mm.). 80 March 26th, 1896.Aniversary XIeeting. Mr. A. G. Vernon Harcourt, President, in tlie Chair. The PRESIDENTcommenced his address by alluding to his early connection with the Society as one of its Secretaries in 1865, when the meetings were held in the buildings of the original Burlington Honse, and mentioned the fact that it was during his period of ofice that the change to the prment rooms wis macle. He tonchetl upon the original intention of the Society to found a Chemical Museum, an idea ultinintely abmdoned; and on the use of the preparation mom attached to the meeting room. Allusion was insde to the increased interest attaching to communi- cations illustrated experimentally, and to some of the cornmunica- tions made during the past year which had been so illustrated.The difficulty arising from the large number of papers now received for reading at the meetings was mentioned, and nieans were suggested by which this difficnlty might partly be met. The fees for composition, which were unduly low, had now been put on a proper basis. The communications which had pawed betrenn the Council and the’r French neighbours and colleagues first on tlie occasion of M. Pasteur’s death, and again on the cclebratioii of the hundredth aniiirersary of th e Tnstitzct were ni en tion e ci. The decision of the Council to publish a Collective Index of the puhlicatious from 1873 to 1892 in two volumes was referred to, and thc hope was expressed that, both volnines would be delivered to the Fello\vs entitled t’o them during the coming year.Rvference was made to the private issue of lists of names calling attention to some of the candidates pmposed for election. The freling of tlie Council was strongly aiverse to the issue of such anniijmous appeals. TLe arrangements for the pnblication of the Proceedings at the Jubilee of the Society which had been drawn up, and to a large extent completed, by Dr. Armstrong, mere mentioncd. The record will, it is hoped, consist of two volumes ; the first of which, contain-ing a report of the speechrs made at the Jubilee meeting and at the dinner which followed, and an account of the early history and de-velopment, of the Society, is all but complete. The secoiid would cwiisist of an account, written by Dr.Armstrong, of the scientific work of the Society during the first fifty years of its existence. The Society has lost two of its Foreign Rlembcrs, Lotliar Meyer, and Pasteur. A memorial lecture in connection with the former will be delivered by Professor Bedson, on May the 28th ; and arrange- 81 vents are in progress for the delivei-y of n similar address in con-ncction with Pasteur. Refereme was made to Professor Fitzgerald’s address on the life and work of voii Helmholt,z, to the fortbcomiiig celebrdions in connection with the completion of Lord Kelvin’s fiftieth year as Profess~rof Natural Philosophy in tlie University of Glasgow, and to the seventieth auniversary of ths birth of C;I I I nizzaro. Tlre numerical strength of the Society mas as follows :-Number of Fellow?, Xarcli 31st, 1895 ............ 1979 9, ,, ,, ,, .....since adrriittetl reinstated by Council ......... ........116 9 - 2104 Removed on account of non- payment of three annual subscriptious ...................... 28 110. two annual subscriptions ................ 19 Withdrawn.. .............................. 23 Deaths ................................... 15 85 h’nmber of Fellows, 3farch 31st, 1896 ............ 201’3 Foreign Members.. ............................... 68 Tt was pointed out that t’he actioli of the new bye-law under which Fellows whose last year’s subscription was in arrcar were removed from the registel., lid teiided to keep down the nutubeis of the Society.The irames of those retuovcd were-Three years’ arrears :--Llshcroft, G. A. ; Adams, F. E. ; Billing, H. S.; Burnett, E. E.; Bamber, H, K. G.; Babington, P. ; Byrne, Thns. ; Bsine, 1,. A.; Campbell, J. 11,;Cook, Rev. E. B.; Cole, A.; D:tvies, D. 0. S. ; Foster, J. A. ; King, C. 11.; Kirkman, H. J.; Kacker, K. K. ; Lennox, D.; Lintern, A. A,; MacLeroj, A. L. ; Mouuley, H. J. M.; North, W.; Quayle, E.; Stephens, C. W ; Wells, G. I. J. ; Wiltshire, John; Evans, A. J.; Priipson, T. L. ; Bljth, F. W. G. Two years’ arrears :-Ainsworth, Geo ; Bamber, W. E. ; Chant-rell, €’. s.;Cooper, L. ; Chnney, €3. J. ; Cargill, \V. L).; Edmunds, Lewis ; Golden, A. R. ; Hop, C. E’ ; Jenkiirs, Wallis ; Mansell, J.; Pxker, R. H. ; Speir, J. ; cchlesslman, J. ; Tate, Dr. G.; Wilson, J. M. ; Walker, D. The following hare withdrawn:-Ansell, F. G.; Brigp, H. F.; Cory, G. E.; Gardner, J.; Gretnish, T. ; Groves, 1‘. B ; Hayclan, W. F. ; Heyes, Rev. J. F.; Bolt, W. ; Jwkson, W.; Kay, Rev. W. ; RicKdlop, J. ; RlcMullan, C. ; Pullinger, F. ; Naben, T.; Kothwell, 82 R. R.; Sergeant, E.; Smith, Prof. E. F.; Stocks, J. 11.; Truman, E. B. ; Hose. C. &I.von ; Wethered, E. ; Snelus, G. The Society was fortunate in having been deprived of only 15 of its Fellows by death :-Cave, Herbert; nary, S. H. M.; Galloway, R.; Kelly, J. A.; Liepmann, Hy.; Linford, J. S.; Looker, P.; NcRoberts, G. ; Morgan, Wm. ; Offord, J. A. ; Pochin, H. D. ; Smith, C. H. ; Smith, 11.H.; Winstone, A. B.; Wood, John. Twenty-two Life Rlembers have not responded to reqliests for their present addresses, and it has been decided tlint if a renewed c-ffort to reach them is unsuccessful their names will be removed fi-oni the register.Their names are :-Bcll, P. C. ; Bosanqnet, R. IT. 91. ; Brown, Prof. F. I) ; Chester, E. I). : c'owic, T. R. ; Crampton, Geo. ; Custance, Prof. J. D. ; DanSon, J. ; R Iw.irds, J. 13. ; I<n-~iiions, C. W. ; Newton, H. ;11. ; Fisost, R. ; Hadkitison, ,J. ; -?tIlc~sh, St ix~ginan, J. P. ; T'omlin, A. ; l'ookep, C. ; Watsoii, W.H. ; Willi:ims, T. ; Yonnq, B. ; Nilhi-, J;imcs ; Vwher, At*tliur. The nnmber of comrnuuicati<)iismade to the Society during tlie year was l63. One liaiidrecl arid sixteen pipers wer? puhlisheci in the Transac-tions for 1893, occ*upjiiig 1172 pftcles, P Iicwns in the preceding sc'ttr 83 papers we1.e pnblislied, occupyiiig 10:<9pages.The lollowiiig were the s tatihtics relating to the Abst:acts. Pmrr I. Pages. KO. of ilbStl.aCtS* 0rgnnic Chemistry ...................... 692 1190 PAllT 11. Gmeral and Plrysical Chemistry .......... 318 Iuorganic Clieriiistry .................... ii:;'4 hliuernlogical C iieniistry ............... 97 Physiological (3hc.mistry. ................. 1i4 Chemistry of I'egetable Ph) siology and Agriculture .......................... 110 Analjtical Chemistry ................... :;*;!I-Total in Part 11 ...................... 544 12'36 Total in Parts I and I1 ................ 1236 2.462 The Index to the Tyansactions, Proceedings, and Abstracts occupies 175 pages.As shuwing the use made of the Library, it was aiir~ouncedtliat 83 6’75 volumes were borrowed from it. 134 books, 504 volumes of periodicals, a8iid 105 pamphlets mere added to the Library. A new srstem of registration has been adopted, which, it is hoped, will prevent any further loss of books. Ur. GLADSTONE,F.R.S., proposed st rote of thanks to the Presi-dent, coupled with the request that he would allow his address to be printed. Professor DIX~N,F.R.S., seconded the motion, which was carried by acclamation. The PRESIDENThaving thanked the meeting, Professor THORPE,P.R.S., the treasurer, gave an account of the ba!ance sheet’, which he laid before the Society, duly audited.The receipts had been :-By admission fees and subscriptions, $4454 ; by sale of Journal and advertisements, $511 8s. 3d. ; and by dividends on invested capital, S381 15s.9~1, The expenses had been : -011 account of the Journal, S2858 10s. 6id.; on account of the Proceedings, $261 6s. 2icl.; on account of the General Index, $164 2.9. 6d.; on account of the Library, $306 17s. 411.; the total expenditure being $4406 18s. 2d. Grants amounting to &l80 had been made to Fellows from the Research Fund during tlie year. Mr. TYKER proposed that the thanks of the Fellows be tendered to the Treasurer, for his services during the past year; this motion was seconded by Mr. D. HOWARD,and carried. The TREASURER,in responding, proposed a vote of thanks to the auditors. Mr.A. BLOXAMseconded the motion, which was unanimously adopted, and acknowledged by IkIr-. B. BLOUNT. Dr. RUSSELL,F.R.S., proposed a vote of thanks to the Officers and Council. Professor TILDEN, F.R.S., seconded the motion, which was unani. mously adopted. Professor THOMSON responded. Professor &fCLEOD, F.R.S.,proposed a vote of thanks to the Editor, Sub-Editor, and Abstractors, which was seconded by Dr. THORNE, and carried. Mr. GROVES,F.R.S., responded. Dr. J. Voelcker and nlfr. Nagel were appointed scrutatcirs, and a ballot was then taken for the election of Officers and Couiicii for the ensuing year. The following were subsequently declared duly elected :-President : A.Vernon Harcourb, ISLA., LL.D., D.G.L,, F.R.S. Vice-Presidents w7ao har-e$lled the ofice of Prcside?Lt: Sir I?. A. Abc!, Bart., K.C.B., D.C.L., F.R,S.; H. E. Arlllstrollg, LL.D., l’h.D., F.R.S.; A. Crnin Bron~ii, D.Sc., RI.D., F.R.S.; W. Crookes, F.R.S.; E. FranklatLtl, D.C.L., P.R.S.; Sir J. H. Gilbert, Pli.D., F.K,.S.; J. H. Glsdstonc, Ph.D., F.R.S. ; H. Miiller, PIi.D., F.R.S. ; W. Odling, M.B., F.R.S. ; W. H. Perkin, LL.D., Ph.D., F.R.S. ; Lord Playfair, K.C.13., Ph.D., F.R.S. ; Sir H. E. Roscoe, LL.D., F.R.S. ; W. J. Russell, Ph.D., F.R.S.; A. W. Willi,zmson, LL.D., F.R.S. T’ice-Presideittg : Horace T. B~owii,F.R.S. ; James Dewar, &LA,, LLD., E‘.R.S. ; Vmticis Robert Japp, I[.A., I’h.D., LL.D., F.R.S.; Ludwig Mond, F.R.S.; W. Chandler Roberts-Austen, C.B., F.R.S. ; William A. Tilden, L).Sc., F.R.S. Seci*etn~ies: Jolin 31. Thomson ; Wyiidhani R. Dunstan, MA., 1‘. K.S. Pureign Seo*etai.y : Kaplinel Ifeldola, F.R.S. T?-easilcrer.-T. E. Thorpe, LL.D., F.R.S. Ofher illeinbem qf Coiriicil .-P. Philips Beclson, D.Sc. ; Belinekt Hooper Brough; Bernard Dyer, D.Sc. ; Otto Hehner; Herbert McT~eod,F.R.S. ; H. Forster ilIorlcy, 3f.A.; G. Harris Xorris, Ph.D. ; James Wyllie Itodger ; W. A. Shenstorle ; Arthur Smithells, B.Sc. ; Thomas Stevenson, J1.D. ; Sydney Young, D.Sc., W.R.S. ADDITIONS TO THE LIBRARY. I. By Purchase. 13oi*cl)ers,W. Elektro-inetallurgie. Die Gewinnung der Metalle unter Vermittluiig deb I<lektrischen Stromes. Zweite Auflage. Mit 158 Text-nbbilduiipeii.(2 folding phtes.) viii +393 pp. Braunscliweig. 1896. 8vo. Lef6vi-e, L. Trait4 des JIatiBres Colorantes Organiques Artifi-cielles. de leur pr6paration industrielle, et de leurs applications. I’reface de i3. Grimaux. T. I. xx+8:32 pp. T. 11. 833-1648. (With 31 new illustrations and 261 specimens of silk, wool, cotton, paper, and leather.) Paris 1896. 8vo. Ostwald, W. The Scientific E’oundations of Analytical Chemistry treated in an elementary manner. Translated, with the author‘p sanction. by George M’Gowan, Ph.D. xx +207 pp. London 1895. svo. Richter, V. v., and Anschiitz, R. Cliemie der Kohlenstoffverbind-ongen oder .Organische Chemie. Siebente AuAage. Zweiter Band. Csrbocyclische und Heterocyclische Verbindii ngen. xviii +642 pp.Bonn 1896. 8vo. 85 1J, L)012/ifioi/s. R ;miinelsbeyg, C. F. Hand buch der Xiiiet.;tlclie1x1i e. Z weit cs S~ipplement~zui*zweiten Xuflnge. viii+475. Leipig 1895. 8~0. From the Author. ltisteeii, A. n. Molecules and the Molecnlu Theory of i%ihter. viii +%23 pp., with 5'2 figiwes. Boston 1895. Svo. From the Anthor. r~l~~l~l~ll~ts. Jlaiclen, *J. H., xnci Smith, 13. (-;, On ;L Natural Deposit of Aluininium Succinate iii the Timber of G'rerr'ZZea mbrista, R. BY. (Read before the Rolal Society of N.S.'1V., 6th November, 1895.) From the Authors. Ti\laideii, J. H., nd Smith, H. G. Contributions to a Knowledge 0shustl-alian Vegetable Xsudations. No. 1. (Rend before thc Royal Society of N.S.W., 4th September, 1895.) Froin the duthors.NOTICE. riI lie Libr~yCoinrui ttcc wonlcl feel obliged if Pellows who have copies of the Bye-laws or Lists of Fellows for 1842, or any years between that date and 18170. would lend or present them to the Tibraq-. They slionltl be sent to tlie Assistant Secretwy, Chemical Socicty, Buvlingtoii House, JV. LIST OF FELLOWS. dl1 clixnges of address intended to appem in the List of Fellows For this year slioultl he sent at once to the Assistant Secretary, At the next meeting, 011 April 23rd, the following papers will be read :-“ On the temperature of certain flames.” By Professor W. N. Hartley, F.R.S. “ Halogen additive products of substituted thiosinnamines.” By Augustus E. Dison, M.D. “ The constitution of the cereal celluloses.” By C.F. Cross, E. 5. Bevan, and Claud Smith. “An Apparat.us for the detection of boric acid.” By W. M. Doherty.‘‘ Ethereal salts of optically active malic and lactic acids.” By Prof. Purdie, F.R.S., and S. Williamson, P1i.D. ERRATA. Page 58, last line, for (‘ platinicyanide ” rear2 ‘( plotinocyanide.” Page 59, 11. 3, 9 ,) 19 ,) 7J CERTIFICATES OF CANDIDATES FOR ELECTION AT THE NEXT BALLOT. N.B.-The names of thoso who sign from " General Kno~vlidg~." are printed in italics. The folloving Candidates will be balloted for on Thursda!-, May 7, 1896:-Barwise, Sidney, The Lindens, Derby. Medical Oficer of Health of Derbyshire. Doctor of State Medi- cine of the University of London, D.P.H. (Cantab.), M.R.C.S.(Eng.?, L.S.A. (Lond.), Fellow of the Sanitary Institute. For the M.D., in State Medicine at London I have passed four examinations in Chemistry, three being partly practical. I attended the usual COUTSCS at Mason College, Birmingham, and in Dr. Hills' Laboratory for six months. I niabe some 200 Analyses of Sewage Effluents and Drink- ing Watew each year, and publish results in Dcrbyshirc Health Reports, William A. Tilden. A. L.Stern. John C. Tbresh. James Robert Kaye. L. ArcLbutt. Durant, Henry Thomas, C/o Messrs. Loewenstein and Co., Johaiinesburg, South Africa. Chemist to RIessrs. Loemenstein and Co., Mannfacturing Chemists .Johannesburg, South Africa. Lately Lecturer, Demonstrator, and Rescnrch Assistant to Professor Dunstan, F.R.S.Passed the Major Examination of thc Pharmaceutical Society, 1893. Wyndham R. Dunstan. 11.c'a1-t eig11e. H. A. 11. Jowett. Francis H. Carr. Thomas S. Dymonds. Fisher, Ernest Hunter, The County Laboratory, St. Albans. Aualyt,icnl Chemist,. For four years Senior Assistant, and now 88 Partner wihh Arthur Ekins, Public Analyst for the County of Hert-ford and Borough of Luton, Beds. Arthur E. Ekins. John Henry Bnldock. Charles H. Ashdown. Sidney Harvey. R. Warington. Charles E. Cassal. J. Keay Colwell. Goodwin, W., 9, Westminster Gardens, Hillhead, Glasgow. Analyst for the British Boiler Cleaning a,nd Enamelling Company, Glasgow. Five years study at the Owens College, Manchester, three years in Quantitative Laboratory, and two years Research. Con-tributed, with Professor W.H. Perkin, jun., " Cis- and Trans-hexa- hydro-o-toluic acid." H. B. Dixon. W. H. Perkin, jun. Arthur Harden. G. H. Bailey. Edward Haworth. Hawkins, Edgar, Dndley Dispensary. Doctor of Medicine. Master of Surgery (Edinburgh) ; Master of Arts (Oxford) ; Honours in Chemistry, Natural Science School, Oxford ; Lect'urcr in Chumistry, Fetter College, 1887-92. Diploma Pin Public Health, Oxford. W. W. Yishcr. C. J. Bakcr. John Watts. J. E. Marsh. V. U. Veley. P. E1JbI.d. Jenkins,John Percival, 30, St'. John's Road, Clifton, Hristol. Chemist (Analytical). 5$ rears in chaige of Cliemical Laboratory at Messrs. Geo. Lockyer and Son, Manufacturing Chemists, Bristol. Devised the following :-(1) Tables for the estimation of Animonia in Bone Sulphate of Ammonia from the percentage of Moisture present at 212O F.in Crgstallised Sall, based on practical experi-ments. (2) Method for Recovery of Ammonia from Bone Water. (3) Method t'o prevent waste of Ammonia from Stills dnring the dry distillation of Bones, &c. (4) Plan for the utilisation of Bone Tar as a Liquid Fuel. (5) Conipound containing high percentage of Carbon for Toughening Iron. (6) Process for the Manufacture of Prussian Blue from Waste Material. At, prcsent time engaged in investigating various waste products with a view to the economical utilisation of same. Studied Chemical Theory under A. J. Heath, Esq., B.A., F.C.S.,&c., and practical work with Mr.C. E. Frank at his Laboratory, Clifton. Attcnded courses of Lectures on Chemistry at University College, Bristol. Ernest H. Cook. Arthur J. Heath. Alfred C. Fryer. Arthur Ricliard son . Thos. Coomber. Sydiiey lTou~~q. W.A. Xhenstoiie. Jones,Robert Haslewood, 8, St. Nary’s Place, Newcastle-on-Tyne. Laborat.ory Assistant to Messrs. Brady and Martin, Newcastle-on- Tyne. Three years Analytical Assistant in the Laboratory of Messrs. Savory and Moore, under Mr. Charles Ekin, F.I.C. Formerly Student in the School of the Pharuiaceutical Society. Passed major examina- tion of the Pharmaceutical Society 1892. 31. Carteighe. Wyndbam R. Dunstan. Charles Ekin. Francis Sutton. l? Ntrpier Xu tton. Macadam, Herbert Edwin, Joint Works Manager, Odam’s Chemical Company, Victoria Docks, X.,Manufacturers of Manures, Sheep Ilips, and Disinfectants.Ten years engaged in Manufacturing Chemistry as applied to home and export fertilizers and acid making in connection thernwith. Also for the years in the manufetuxzsf sheep dips and disinfectants. Stevenson Macadam, Ph.D. F. Nspier Sutton. C. T. Macadam. John Hughes. 13. E. R. Newlands. Geo. R. Mcrrison. Alfred Sibsow A. E. Sibson. F. J. mya. McCrae, John,jun., Ph.D., 264, Calhoun Street, Ciiicinnati, Ohio, U.S.A. Instructor in Chemisti-y, University of Cincinnati. Student at Andersonim Technical College, Glasgom, 1891-93. St’udeiit at Heidelberg University, 1893-95. Graduate of Heidelberg University (Chemistry, Physics, and Mineralogy), 1895.Instructor in Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, 1895. Author of ‘‘ Ueber die Iodonium- Basen aus p-Iodtoluol,” Ber., 28, 97 ; and “ Ueber Messung holier Temperahren mit dem Thermoelement; und den Schmelepunkt eiriiger anorganischer Salze,” Ann. d. Phys. ui~dChem,, 55,95. T. H. Norton. G. G. Henderson. A. Humboldt, Sexton. James Robson. Mat thew A. Parker. Thomas Gray. J. J. Sudborough. I). R. Boyd. Edmund J. Milk 90 Merrett, William Henry, Lambeth Brass and Iran Worky, Short Street, Lanibeth, S.E. Assistant in the Research Laboratory of the Royal Mint. Associate of the Royal School of Mines. For some time Research Student in the Metallurgical Laboratory of the Royal College of Science. Assistant in the Metadlurgical Laboratory from January to June, 1895.W. C. Roberts Austen. I?. W. Bayley. T. K. Rose. William A. Tilden. Alfred St'ansfie1d. Mitchell, Tom, Cemetery House, Sliaw, near Oldhnm. ilemeterg Registrar. Rochdale Science and Art Classes, 1887-91. Honours South Kensington (Irioi*ganic), 1891. Lancashire Coiulty Council Scholarship, 1892. Owens College Evening Lcct urcs :Liid Laboratory four sessions, 1892-96. H. B. Dixon. Wm. A. Roue. Bevan Lean. Arthur Harden. J, P. Thorpe. G. J. Foiolei.. Patterson, Joseph W., Avenue Road, West Hampstead. Science Teacher. Three years Teacher and Lecturer in Cheniistry under the Science and Art Department and Durham County Conn- cil. Brass Founder's Analyst (18 months). Student in Middles-borough High School, Westminster College, Durham College, and the Royal College of Science.Jno. Archyll Jones. George Price Dodds. R. Phillips Bedson. R. Greig Smith. Saville Shaw. Pechmann, H. von, Tubingen, Germany. Professor of Chemistry in the Universihy of Tubingen. Dis-tinguished for his Contributions to Scietific Chemistry. Hciiry E. Armst,rong. Arth u r Smithells. T. E. Thorpc. W. H. Perkin, jun. VJyndhnwt R. Dzmsfan R. Meldola. Pilley, Thomas William, 3.3, GI*oveHill Road, Denmark Hill, S.E. Demonstrator on Chemistry at St. Thomas Cha,rt,erliouse School of Science. Honours in Chemistry and seven years Demonstrator at St. Thomas Charterhouse School of Science, London. Walter A. Voss. Charles E. Sohn.Arthur H. Coote. Herbert F. Stephenson. E. J. Read. Pollitt, Robert Barnabas, Care of Oscar Guttmann, Esq., 12, Mark Lane, London, E.C. Civil Engineer. Assoc.hLInst. C.E. Assistant Manager of explo- sive works. Studied Chemistry at the Manchester Technical School. For the past seven years have been engaged in the manufacture of explosives, and have designed and erected works and plant for the mmufacture of nitroglycerin, guncotton, cordite, dynamite, and blasting gelat ine, nitric acid, chlorine, and acetone, and foy the dis- tillation of coal-tar. Since 1$33 have been one of the Abstractors for the Journal <f the Society of Chemical Industry, and have had the privilege of assisting Mr. 0. Guttnianii in the preparation of his treatises on explosives.Beiinett H. Brough. W. C. Roberts-Austen. Samuel Rideal. &I.Carteighe. W. Palmer Wynne. George F. Holloway. B. E. R. Newlands. P. Gerald Sandford. David A. Louis. Clzades 3.Cassnl. Otto Eehrter. Proude, James, 13, Oak Terrace, Halifax. Manager and Chemist at the Provideiice Soap Works, Halifax. Has studied Chemistry under Mr. W.dckroyd, Y.1.C. Borough Analyst for Halifax, at the Halifax Technical School, and privately under Xr. W. H. Wood, Y.I.C., F.C.S., Analytical Chemist, Halifax. A Medallist in the City and Guilds Examination. Has held the above position at Providence Soap Workd for nine ytars. Joint author of the following papers :-( 1.) “ On the Cause of the Change in Colour of Soaps containing Indigo Extract.” (2.) ‘* On the Solu-bility of Indigo in Oils” (J.Chem. SOC.Ind., 1893, p. 1026). (3.) “ Experiments on the Formation of the So-called Amiiionium Amalgam ” (I’roc. Chew. Sac., 1895, p. ‘236). w. H. Wood. Thos. Holgate. He:.bert W. Seely. W. H. Richardson. Thorp Cl‘hitulier. G. Batusom IVaZter Leach. F. F. BO?d., 12r.D. E’. Pel cy Tl;rtsc,//. J1wbei.t I:. Stocks, 92 Reiasmann, Charles H., B.A. (Camb.), B.Sc. (Lond.). Saxony Villa, Oppidans Road, Primrose Hill, N.W. Teacher of Chemistry. Candidate has worked far more than three years in the Laboratory of St. John's College, Cambridge. He has gained experience in Practical Organic Chemistry under Dr. Ruhe-mann, of Caius College, Cambridge. He is now engaged in R,esearch Work in Physiological Chemistry at University College, London.He is a teacher of Chemistry a2t Channing House High School for Girls, Highgate, N., and has graduated in Chemistry at two Uni- versities. hl. Foder. S. Ruhemann. William Ramsay. G. Carey Foster. M. M. Pattison Muir. Renney, Henry, M.D., B.S.,D.P.H.Durham. Brookfield HOUSC~,Durham Road, Sunderland. Late Student of Chemistry and Physics attthe Durham College of Science, Newcastle-on-Tyne. Studied Practical Bacteriology under Professor George Marray, Bacteriological Laboratory, College of Medicine, Newcastle-on-Tyne. Analytical Chemist. Is attached to Science and desirous of its advancement. William Fowler. P. Phillips Bedson. Charles Rankin. J. T. Dunn. Robert V7illi~~~c~~r,.Robinson, Henry Fishwick,B.Sc. Sparthfield, Droylsden Road, Newton Heath, Manchestex.. Chemist in Works of Messrs. Claus and Ree, Chemical Manu- facturers. Three years in tlhe Chemistry 1)epartment of the Owens College. First Class Honours in Chemistry, B.Sc. Victoria ; Le Blanc Medal for proficiency in t'heory of dyeing. Harold B. Dixon. W. H. Perkin, jun. Arthur Hardsn. Gilbert J. Fowler. Wm. A. Bone. R. L. Taylor. Jas. Grant. Rosenheim, Otto, 68, Belsize Park Gardens, London, N.W. Analytical and Research Clienlist. Studied Chemistry under Pro- fessors E. Fischer, w.Wislicenus, A. KekulS, A. Hantzsch, w. Griibe, &c.,at Wiirzburg, Bonn, Geneva. Attained the degree of Ph.D. at the university of Wiirzburg by examination, and on the strengbh of a dissertation on "Die Oxydation von p-0xychinolin " (Ber,d.d. Cltern, 93 Ges., 26, 1501). At p~esent engaged in analytical and research work. W. H. Perkin, juu. Alfred Gordon Sslamon. Martin 0.Forster. Philip Schidrowitz. J. S. X. Byanie. Ross, Raymond St. George, 30, Britannia Square, Worcester. Analytical Chemist. Studied for one year at Owens College, Man- Chester ; two years at the Dresden Polytechnic, under Dr. Hernpel; two terms at the School of Brewing and Agriculture, Bavaria ; two years Assistant and two years partner with Dr. Smete (Public Analyst for Worcestershire). Joint Public Analyst for the Borough of Northampton. Member of the Society of Public Analysts. Arthur J. Cooper. George Embrey.C. O’Sulliran. J. Augustus Voelcker. E. W. Voelcker. Severn, Walter Dalrymple, Assoc. Roy. Coll. Science (Chemistry), 9, Earl’s Court Sqiiarc, S.W. Director of the West-end Pathological Laboratory, 55, Weymouth Street, Portland Place. King’s College, two years. Tyne Breweries (Limited), two years. Paris (Pasteur), two weeks. Berlin (during Koch treatment), five months. Copenhagen (Hansen and Kjeldahl), three months. South Kensington, Roy. Coll. Sci., three years. This Laboratory, three years. Cambridge Laboratories, two years. Did all the experimental work in Drs. Waldo and Walsh’s paper “Does Baking Sterilise Bread ? ’’ (read before the British Ned. Assoc. Annual Meeting, at Bristol, 1894), Lancet, October 20, 1894. Joint author of Hand book to Dr.Koch’s ‘L’yeatrneizt in TzLherczclar Disease, Griinn and Severn.J. 8;A. Churchill. ‘’ Report on the IExaniinatioii of the Air of 26 Public Buildings in Newcastle-on-Tyne, Chemical and Bacleriological ” (North Easteim Sauitary Inspec tion Asso-ciation). P. Philips Redson, Thos. Watson Lovibond, and Walter I). Severn. “ Method of rapidly Estimating Inversions in Sugar Wort Polarimetrically.” l’hos. Watson Lovibond and Walter I). Severn. Author of articles, “Bacteria,” “ Alctbods of Bacteriological Research,” “ The Coming Prophylaxy,” “Yeasts and hlIould Fungi,” in Science and Art, Xntwday lteviezc. Am about to publish “The Significance of ‘Beaded ’ Bacilli iu Tuberculosis and Leprosy.” “ Comparison between the Methods of Salkowski and Haycraft for the Estirnatioii of U~icacid.” John M.Thomson. Percy F. Frankland. L. Archd. Vasey. 1’.F,. Thorpe. Vincent Edwards. H. Sprengel. 94 Stead, John Christopher, 42, Grove Green Road, Leytonstonc. Pharmaceutical Chemist Work3 Manager. Somc time Assistant Chemist in the laboratories of Messrs. Savo~y and Moore, New Boiid Street ; now Chemist and Manager, Mitre Works, Cordova Road, Bow, E. Chas Ekin, F.l.C., F.C.S. 1M ward H. Hai~ison. John C. Umney. Beig. H. Pad. Tlmnzas Il’ylv r. Tuckett, Ja*mesEdward Shum, M.A.Cambridge, 13, Hyde Road, Eastbourne. Principal Science Master at Eastboui-ne College. htte Xoholw Gonville and Caius College, C<tmbridgc. 25th Wrangler Mathe-matical Tripos, 1892. Second Class Natur(11 Science Tripos, 1893.Studied Chemistry in the Laboratory, Caius College, and in the University Laboratory. Formerly Principal Mathematical Mastel-, Christ College, Brecon. At present Principal Natural Scit1cc.e Mastel*at Enstbourne College. M. 31.Pattison Muir. R. S. Morrell. S. Ruhemann. A. Hutchinson. Chm-les T. ITtlyc.0~1~ Wills, Edward Chaning, Abbey Park, Reynsham, Bristol. Director Messrs W. D. and H. 0. Wills, Limited (Tobacco Manu- facturers, Bristol and London). 3I.A. Cantab. Chemistry anti Physics at B A. Interested in the Clicmistry couiiected with the tobacco manufactory. Student for the pui’pose of ti%ki11gF.I.C. examination at the Clifton Laboratory, under 1)r. N.H. Cook. Ernest H. Cook. Alfred3:.Fletcher. Sydney Young.W. A. Slienstone. F. Wallis Stoddart. ChayZes T. EI~ycock. TlL0s. C007nz, c1’. Wolfenden, John Hy., ‘226, Asbton Rrad, I~ails~orth,Manchester. Science Teacher. Associate of the Rsoyal Collego of Scieilcc, London (Chenlistry, 1st Class). B.8c. London (Honours in Ctlcm-istry). Teacher of Chinistry, Central School, Manchester. T. E. Thorpe. W. Palmer Wpne. Chapman Jones. J. W. Rodger. A. E. Tutton. R.L. Taylor. HARRISON AND SONS, PULNTERS IN ORDINARY TO HER MAJESTY ST.MARTIP’S T.ANE.

ISSN:0369-8718    

DOI:10.1039/PL8961200067

出版商:RSC    

年代:1896

数据来源: RSC