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Proceedings of the Chemical Society, Vol. 16, No. 222 |
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Proceedings of the Chemical Society, London,
Volume 16,
Issue 222,
1900,
Page 77-100
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摘要:
Issued 11/4/1900 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY. EDITED BY THE SECRETARIES. Vol. 16. No.222. -.-March 20th, 1900. Annual General Meeting. Professor THOHPE, F.R.S., President, in the Chair. Dr. DYERand MI-. were appointed Scrutators, and a ballotFRISWELL was opened €orthe election of Officers and Council for the ensuing year, the ballot being closed at the conclusion of the President’s address. In beginning his Address, the President congratulated the meeting on the fact that the Society continues to grow and prosper; the number of its Fellows steadily increases, and their communications continue to add to its dignity and usefulness. Its financial position is no less satisfactory. The numerical strength of the Society was as follows :-Number of Fellows, March 29th, 1899 ..................2239 9, ,, since elected ........................ 11s 99 ,, reinstated by Council ............... 4 2352 Removed on account of non-payment of two annual subscriptions. .......................... 15 Withdrawn ....................................... 20 Deaths ............................................ 25 60 Number of Fellows, March 29tb, 1900 .................. 2292 Foreign Members ............................................. 33 78 The names of those removed were :-Eugen Blume ; Rev. J. Camp-bell ; J. E. Foakes ; Bertram Hunt : H. Hyatt ; J. D. Johnstone ; C. L. Kennicott ; H. A. Lawrance; W. J. Martin ; K. P. McIElroy ; T. G. Nicholson ; J. H. Overton ; A. E.Potter; John Provis; J. Wrightson. The following have withdrawn :-Henry Austin Appleton ;Howard Barrett ; Claude H. Bater ; Richard A. Bush ; G. W. Davies ; Alfred George Earl ; J. M. Fallon; W. A. Greaves ; H. Loft Haller ; M. Holzmann; A. Wentworth Jones ; John Temple Leon; E. W. Lucas ; Prosper H, Marsden; Walter George McMillan; T. Ormerod; J. R. Skelton J Edward Smith ; Henry J. Staples ; Claude T. Vautin. The following have died :-Joshua Buchanan ; Robert Wilhelm Bunsen ; Kanny La11 Dey ; J. B. Edwards; Sir Edward Frankland ; Charles Friedel ; William Harkness ; John F. Hodges ; John Elias Hughes ; Eric H. Jackson ; William Marcet ; Alexander McDougall ; Walter Newton ; L. F. Nilson ; G. H. Ogston ;Robert Oxland ; R. T. Plimpton ; C.F. Rammelsberg ; Henry Charles Reynolds ; J. G. F. Richardson ; W. H. Richardson ;Thomas Glazebrook Rylands ;Edward (3. Cortis Stanford ;Sidney Augustus Sworn ;Andrew Taylor ;William Thorp ;Ferdinand Tiemann ; Peter Waage ; David Watson ;W. Lloyd Williams. The passing away of so eminent a member of the Society, and of one who played such a leading part in the development of chemistry, as Sir Edward Frankland is no ordinary event in the history both of Science and of the Society, and demands a special reference. The Council have accordingly determined that Sir Ed ward Fran kland’s services shall be commemorated in the manner hitherto restricted, with the special exception of the late Professor von Hofmann, to its Honorary Foreign Members; and they have requested his pnpil, collabor- ator, and friend, Professor;Armstrong, to give a Memorial Lecture on his life-work in the ensuing autumn.The names of the deceased Foreign Members are Robert Wilhelm Bunsen, Charles Friedel, Lars Fredrik Nilson, Carl Friedrich Ram- melsberg, and Peter Waage. Bunsen, who cvtts elected a Foreign Membar during the first session of the Society, namely, as far back as February 1, 1842, and who was long the doyen on the list, died on August 16, 1899, in his 89th year. His friend and pupil, Sir Henry Roscoe, apast President of the Society, has undertaken, at the request of the Council, toacorn-memorate the signal services which Professor Bunsen rendered to physicit1 science Charles Friedel, Member of the Institute and Professor of Chemistry in the Sorbonne, who was elected a Foreign Member of the Society on May 18th, 1876, died on April 20th, 1899, at the age of sixty- seven.His friend and co-worker, Professor J. M. Crafts, of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and a Fellow of this Society, has kindly responded to the invitation of the Council to prepare a Memorial Lecture, which he hopes to be able to deliver on some even- ing in the latter half of June next. Lars Fredrik Nilson, Professor OF Agricultural Chemistry in the Kongl. Landtbruks-Akademien, Stockholm, and formerly Professor of Analytical Chemistry in the University of Upsala, whose name is specially connected with the chemistry of the so-called rare earths, and who was elected B Foreign Member of the Society on February 2, 1888, died on May 14, 1899, in his 59th year.Professor Otto Pettersson, of the Free University of Stockholm, who was associated with Nilson in most of his work in pure chemistry, has undertaken, in compliance with the wish of the Council, to give the Society an account of the many services which his friend rendered to chemistry, and he hopes to be able to visit London for this purpose in the first week of July next. Carl Friedrich Rammelsberg, Geh. Reg. Rath. and Emeritus Pro- fessor of Inorganic Chemistry in the University of Berlin, who was elected a Foreign Member on May 3, 1866, died on December 28, 1899, in his 87th year. Professor H. A. Miers, of Magdalen College, Oxford, and ZL Fellow of this Society, has kindly acceded to the wish of the Council to prepare a memorial lecture on the life-work of the veteran mineralogical chemist, which he hopes to deliver to the Society in December next.Peter Waage, Professor of Chemistry in the University of Chris- tiania, whose name is best known in connection with the studies on chemical affinity which he made in association with his colleague, Professor Guldberg, died on January 13th of this year. He WAS elected a Foreign Member of this Society on January 20th, 1898. Since the last Anniversary, 175 communications have been made to the Society, a number greater than in any preceding year. In character, variety, and importance they compare not unfavourably with the contributions of any former period. Abstracts of all these have appeared in the Proceedings,and 83 have already been published in the Transactions.The volume of Transactions for 1899 contains 120 memoirs, occupying 1166 pages; in the preceding year 102 p;Lpers were published, occupying 1038 pages. The volumes for 1899 contain 3617 abstracts of papers, published mainly in Continental journals, occupying 1796 pages, arranged as follows : 80 PART1. Pages. No. of Abstracts. Organic Chemistry ................................. 068 1477 PART11. General and Physical Chemistry ............... 421 Inorganic Chemistry .............................. 417 Mineralogical Chemistry ...................... 311 Physiological Chemistry ........................236 Chemistry of Vegetable Physiology and Agri- culture ........................................... 244 Analytical Chemistry .............................. 611 - 828 2140 - Total in Parts I. and 11. .................... 1796 3617 Thenumber of abstracts dealt with in 1899 is 791 more than in the preceding year. All arrears in abstracting have at length been over- taken. The Fellows may now count upon having the monthly rbsuniE of contemporary chemical literature brought to their attention as quickly as it is possible to furnish it. It will have been observed also that the Editor has succeeded in issuing the Journal somewhat earlier in the month than has hitherto been thought possible.The question of co-operation with other English-speaking Chemical Societies in the preparation of abstracts of foreign chemical literature was referred to in the last Presidential Address. But, although the matter has been considered, the Committee appointed to deal with this question has not yet reported. 637 copies of the 1883-92 Index and 317 of the 1873-83 Index were issued to Foreign Members, Institutions, and to those Fellows who, being entitled to a Free Grant of them, had made application within the preEcribed period, 566 of these applications had been received, of which 43 were those of Fellows resident abroad. The work of compilation of the Collective lndex showed the neces- sity of indexing the annual volumes in a more systematic manner than had been done in the past.For the last four years, the work of in-dexing the annual volumes has been entrusted to a special staff of indexers under the direction of the Sub-Editor. This plan has worked well as regards uniformity and consistency, but unfortunately it has not been possible, by means of it, to bring out the Annual Index with that promptitude which is desirable. The Index Committee has there- fore suggested to the Council the propriety of entrusting the work of 81 indexing to one person, to be responsible, under the direction of the Editor, for the preparation and speedy publication of the work, and the Council has sanctioned the employment, on this work, of Mrs. Dougal, who is already favourably known to the Fellows for the ex- cellent service she rendered the Society in editing the Collective Indexes of its publications since 1873.The Fellows are aware the Society stocks a certain number of its publications, and the question of the custody and supply of back numbers has received attention, A limited number of sets of the Mcmozrs and Proceedings of 1841-7, of the Quarterly Journal, 1849-62, and of the First Series of the Journal from 1863 onwards are now on sale. As regards the Library, 790 books have been borrowed, as against 727 last year; and 114 books, 397 volumes of periodicals, and 27 pamphlets have been added, as against 67 books, 285 volumes of periodicals, and 24 pamphlets in the preceding year. The condition of the Library Catalogue has received attention, and the Council has directed a new Catalogue to be prepared according to a scheme drawn up by the Library Committee; and the work is well advanced under the direction of Mr.Steele, assisted by Miss Morfee. Grants amounting to S.192 have been made in aid of chemical investigation. The Longstaff Medal has been awarded to Professor W. H. Perkin, F.R.S. In making the presentation, the President said :-“DR.PERKIN,it gives me a special pleasure to ask you, on behalf of the Chemical Society, to transmit this medal to your son, Professor W. H. Perkin, who, to our great regret, is unable to be here to receive it in person. The Longstaff Medal has been awarded to him for his re-searches on closed chain compounds of the trimethylene and similar series, and for his recent important syntheses of camphor derivatives.(‘The Council desire on making this award to indicate how highly we regard the contributions with which he has enriched our Trans-actions. Under his stimulating influence, the chemical laboratory of the Owens College, and especially that section of it under his more immediate direction, continues, as of old, to furnish a succession of valuable memoirs to English chemical literature. We trust that this activity may long be maintained, and that our Society may continue, as in the past, to enjoy the credit and distinction of disseminating the results of the inquiries to which his fruitful ideas give rise.” During the long vacation, the building has been thoroughly cleaned and redecorated, and certain much needed improvements in the lavatory accommodation and in the sanitary arrangements of the building have been effected.The accommodation at the disposal of the Society is, however, a 82 matter of growing concern. The meeting-room seats no more than 157 persons, in spite of the increased space which was gained as the results of the alterations in 1892. This is altogether incommensurate with the present, numerical strength of the Society, and, as the Fellows well know, considerable inconvenience is occrtsiorially felt owing to the impossibility of finding room for those who wish to attend the meetings. The collection of books is gradually overspreading into every room the Society possesses and such conveniences as the officers have for the discharge of their o6cial business and for the custody of the official records are greatly curtailed by the increasing inadequacy of the space at their disposal.The Society is indebted to several of its Fellows for additions to its artistic possessions; among these is a bust of Sir Humphry Davy, presented by Dr. Debus, a copy of which in bronze, together with its pedestal, has been given by Dr. Messel ; Dr. Atkinson has presented an electrotype medallion of Wohler, executed by Dr. Hugo Muller, and Sir Henry Roscoe has given some photographic mementoes of his association with Bunsen and the Heidelberg Laboratory. The Society had the pleasure of congratulating, by a suitable address, Sir George Gabriel Stokes on the occasion of his jubilee as Lucasian Professor of Mathematics, and it has since received from the University of Cambridge an exemplar of the medal which was struck in commemoration of that event.Congratulations have also been sent to Professor Emil Fischer and Professor van’t Hoff on the twenty-fifth anniversaries of their doctor- ates, of which acknowledgments, already published in the Proceedings, have been received. The remainder of the address was devoted to a review of the pro- gress of chemical science from the beginning of the century to the date of the formation of the Society. Sir H. ROSCOE,P.R.S., proposed a vote of thanks to the President, coupled with the request that he would allow his address to be printed in the Ikansactions.Prof, LIVEING,F.R.S., seconded the motion, which was carried by acclamation. The PRESIDENThaving returned thanks, Prof. TILDEN,F.R.S., the Treasurer, in giving an account of the Balance Sheet which he laid before the Society, duly audited, said :-The receipts had been :-By admission fees and subscriptions, 2.4088 ; by sale of Journal and advertisements, 3781 15s. 6d. ; and by dividends on invested capital, &444 13s. 7d. The expenses had been : -On account of the Journal, 23388 12s. lld. ; on account of the Proceedings, 2,171 14s. 7d. ; on account of the preparation of a new Card Catalogue, &35 98. 2d. ;on account of the Library, 3286 179. 3d. ; House expenses, including the re-decoration of the Building, $543 5s.lld. ; the total expenditure being 634993 13s. Id. Grants amounting to 2192 had been made to Fellows from the Research Fund during the year. Attention was directed to the fact that the net income of the Society for the year being 33,371 Is. 5d., and the expenses 324,993 13s. Id., the surplup is only 3377 8s. 4d. This is considerably less than the amount, S.578, of the Composition and Admission Fees which ought to be regarded as Capital. In view of the steadily increasing cost of the Society’s publications, the recurrence of the heavy charge for the Decennial Index, and the growth of the Library, economy will have to be practised to keep the finances of the Society in a healthy con-dition.The Treasurer appealed to authors of papers to assist in keeping down the cost of the composing and correcting the proofs of papers communicated to the Society. At the present time the average cost of corrections amounts to more than one-third the charges for putting manuscript into type. A little more care exercised by authors in preparing for the press would result in a substantial reduction in the cost of printing. The TREASURER, in concluding, proposed a vote of thanks to the auditors, which was acknowledged by Mr. PAGE. Prof. ODLING,F.K.S., proposed that the thanks of the Fellows be tendered to the Treasurer for his services during the past year ; this motion was seconded by Dr. RUSSELL,F.R.S , and carried. Prof. H. B. DIXON, F.R.S , proposed G vote of thanks to the Officers and Council. F.R.S., seconded the motion, which was unani- Prof.WARINGTON, mously adopted. Prof. DUNSTAN, F.K.S., responded on behalf of the Council. Prof. DEWAR,F.R.S., proposed a vote of thanks to the Editor, Sub- Editor, Abstractors, and Indexers, which was seconded by Mr. GROVES,F.R.S., and carried. Dr. WYNNE,F.R.S., responded. The Scrutators having presented their report to the President, he declared that the following had been duly elected :-President : T. E. Thorpe, Ph.D., D.Sc., LL.D., F0r.Sec.R. S. Vice-Presidents who have filled the ofice of Pvesident : Sir F. A. Abel, Bart., K.C.B., D.C.L., F.R.S. ;H. E. Armstrong, Ph.D., LL.D., F.R.S. ; A. Crum Brown, D.Sc., LL.D., F.R.S.; Sir W. Crookes, F.R.S. ; James Dewar, M.A., LL.D., FR.S. ; Sir J. H. Gilbert, Ph.D., LL.D., F.R.S. ;J. H. Gladstone, Ph.D., D.Sc., F.R.S. ; A. Vernon Harcourt, M.A., D.C.L., F.R.S.; H. Miiller, Ph.D., LL.D., F.R.S.; W. Odling, M.B., F.R.S. ;W. H. Perkin, LL.D., Ph.D., F.R.S. ;Sir H. E. Roscoe, 84 D.C.L., LL.D., F.R.S.; W. J.Russell, Ph.D.,F.R.S.; A. W. Williamson, LL.D., F.R.S. Vice-Presidents : E. Divers, M.D., D.Sc., F.R S. ; C. E. Groves, F.R.S. ; G. D. Liveing, M.A., D.Sc., F.R.S. ; T. Purdie, Ph.D., F.R.S. ; T. Stevenson, M.D, ; John M. Thomson, LL.D., F.R.S. Secretaries : Wyndham R. Dunstan, M.A., F.R.S. ; A. Scott, M.A., D.Sc., F.R.S. Foreign Secretary : Raphael Moldola, F.R.S. T?*easurer.-William A. Tilden, D.Sc., F.R.S.Otlher Members of Council : H. Brereton Baker, MA. ; E. D. Chatta-way, Ph.D., D.Sc. ; Frank Clowes, D.Sc. ; J. Norman Collie, Ph.D., F.R.S.; A. 14;. Dixon,M.D.;H. J.H. Fenton,M.A., F.R.S.; W. Gowland; C. T. Heycock, M.A., F.R.S. ; D. Howard ; Rudolph Messel, Ph.D. ; W. J. Pope; James Walker, D.Sc. March 29th, 1900. Extra Meeting. Professor THORPF,F.R.S., President, in the Chair. Sir HENRY F.R.S., Vice-president, delivered the Bunsen E. ROSCOE, Memorial Lecture. Before commencing the Lecture, Sir Henry Roscoe read the follow- ing telegram, which he had just received from Bunsen’s nephew and executor, Dr. PHILIPPBUNSEN,of Marburg. ‘‘ On the occasion of the Memorial Lecture, the Bunsen family joins sincerely with the illus- trious Society, and sends respectful thanks and compliments.” The death of Bunsen on August 16th, 1899, severs the last link connecting the chemists of our time with the great men OF the earlier part of the century, Berzelius, Gay Lussac, Dumas, Liebig, and Wohler, Mitscherlich and the two Roses, as well as with the physicists Dove, Wilhelm Weber, and Magnus, all of whom he counted amongst his personal friends.Living to the ripe age of S8 years, he was destined to witness the deaths as well as the scientific births of many distin-guished colleagues and pupils ;of Kirchhoff, Helmholtz, Kopp, and Her- mann ; of Strecker, Kolbe, Kekult5, Pebal, Lothar Meyer, and, finally, of Victor Meyer, his successor in the chair at Heidelberg. Robert Wilhelm Bnnsen was born on March 31st, 1811, at Gottingen, where his father was chief University Librarian and Professor of Modern Philology.Entering the University in 1828, he studied chemistry under Stromeyer, and graduated in 1830. He then visited Paris, Berlin, and Vienna, continuing his studies and making the acquaintance of the scientific men of those cities, returning to Gottingen, where, in 1834, he was admitted by the University as Privatdozent in Chemistry. In 1836 he succeeded Wohler as teacher of chemistry in the Polytechnic School at Cassel, and in 1839 was appointed Professor Extraordinariris of Chemistxy at Marburg, being advanced in 1842 to the post of Ordinarius. Here he remained till 1851, when he went for a short period to Breslau, and in 1852 he accepted the chair at Heidelberg, which he occupied until his retirement in 1889.In these several positions, Bunsen laboured incessantly and devotedly for 56 years in the furtherance of chemical science, with the result that his name will be handed down to posterity as one whose work has earned for him the very first rank amongst chemists of the nineteenth century. Bunsen’s first published paper recorded his discovery that freshly precipitated ferric hydroxide acted as a powerful antidote in cases of arsenical poisoning, but the first research in which he showed his power was the classical one on the cacodyl compounds, which was con-tinued for no less than six years. His important investigations on the composition of the gases of German and English blast-furnaces were of the highest practical as well as theoretical importauce, and led incidentally to the devising and perfecting of his well-known system of gas analysis.In 1857,he collected in a volume the whole of his gaso- metric researches, and of this-the only book he ever published-a second and greatly enlarged edition appeared in 1877. The construction of his carbon-zinc battery marks an era in the economic production of electricity. He showed how it could be em-ployed as a means of illumination ; he determined its power of doing work, and used it to prepare electrolytically many metals hitherto unknown in a coherent form, notably magnesium, the preparation of which had baffled Davy.These researches led in turn to his inven- tions of the well-known “grease spot” photometer and the ice- and the vapour-calorimeters. Along with the lecturer, he carried out the photochemical researches based on the action of light on a mixture of equal volumes of hydrogen and chlorine, pronounced by Ostwald to be “ the classical example for all further researches in physical chemistry.” The famous researches on spectrum analysis of Kirchhoff and Bunsen gave, not only a full explanation of Frauenhofer’s lines in the solar spectrum and a knowledge of the composition of thesun and the fixed stars, but led in Bunsen’s hands to the discovery of two new metals, caesium and rubidium, and in the hands of others, of thallium, indium, gallium, and other elements.In 1846, Bunsen spent 3; months in Iceland, as a member of an expedition promoted by the Danish Government, of which the 86 outcome was his well-known series of investigations of the volcanic and pseudo-volcanic phenomena of that island. He worked for some time at the separation of the metals in the residues left after the extraction of the platinum, as carried out in the Imperial Mint at St, Petersburg, and in his account of this work is to be found a description of his filter pump actuated by a fall of water. To Bunsen and Schischkoff me owe the first exact examination both of the gaseous and solid products of the explosion of gunpowder, Perhaps his name is most widely known in connection with his burner for gas, devised to provide a flame both hotter and more steady than that of the argand burner with wire-gauze top previously in use.Not only as a source of heat, but also most ingeniously as an analytic agent, was the flame of his gas burner employed in producing the delicate and characteristic (‘flame reactions.” Important also are his papers on the colour of water, iodometric methods, and water analysis. The remainder of the Lecture consisted of the lecturer’s personal recollections of Bunsen, and of the Heidelberg Laboratories from 1852 onwards, with a description of the character and methods of work of the Master as a teacher and a lecturer, and of the relations existing between him and his pupils. Considerate and generous towards the opinions of others, he held firmly to his own, which at times he did not fail strongly to express ; simple and straightforward, he disliked assumption and hated duplicity ; single-minded and wholly devoted to his science, he abhorred vanity and despised popularity hunting.At the time of his death, Bunsen had been for many years our senior Foreign Member, having been elected on February 1,1842, during the first session of our Society. In 1858 he became a Foreign Fellow of the Royal Society, and in 1860 the Copley Medal was awarded to him. To Bunsen and Kirchhoff, in 1877, the first award of the Davy Medal was made in recognition of their researches and discoveries in spectrum analysis. Another English honour conferred upon him was that of the award in 1898 of the Albert Medal of the Society of Arts, given for ‘I dis-tinguished merit in promoting art, manufactures, or commerce,” in recognition of his numerous and most valuable applications of chemistry and physics to the arts and to manufactures.On the motion of Professor ODLING,seconded by Dr. E. ATHINSOK, a vote of thanks was passed to Sir HENRY for his Lecture. ROSCOE April 5th, 1900. Professor J. B!L THOMSON,F.R.S., Vice-president, in the Chair. Certificates were read for the first time in favour of Messrs. James Ashton, Land Hill House, Hoscar Moss, Ormskirk, Lancs. ; Richard 87 Henry Cyril Gompertz, 110, Elgin Crescent, Notting Hill, W., Alex-ander Ernest I\ilcKensie, 11,Bank Road, Workington ;Hugh McNair, Bellfield, Wishaw ; Herbert Procter Smith, 60, Stepney Street, Llanelly ; George Edward Tomlins, 4, Radford Road, Hither Green, London, S.E. Of the following papem, those marked * were read.*53. “The liquefaction of a gas by ‘self-cooling’ (a lecture ex-periment).” By G. S. Newth. The principle of the modern method for obtaining liquid air or oxygen by the (‘regenerative ” method may be illustrated for lecture purposes by means of nitrous oxide, the spiral of fine copper tube, being attached directly to the steel bottle containing nitrous oxide, and inserted into a Dewar vacuum-jacketed test-tube. No other insulating arrangements are required. In order to maintain the necessary pressure in the nitrous oxide bottle, the latter is kept in warm water at a temperature of about 30’.“54. LL Note on partially miscible aqueous inorganic solutions.” By G. S. Newth. When strong aqueous ammonia (sp. gr. O*SSO) is added to a satu-rated solution of potassium carbonate and the liquids shaken together, two distinct layers separate out, just as in the case of water and ether. At ordinary temperatures, it is found that the potassium carbonate solution dissolves about 37 per cent. of the ammonia solution, while the latter dissolves about 6 per cent. of the potassium carbonate solu- tion by volume. The solubility of each liquid in the other increases with rise of temperature, the curves of their solubilities intersecting at 43O, above which temperature the solutions are miscible in all proportions. A small amount of added water is also found to increase the mutual solubility ; with 12.9 per cent.of added water, the separate phases cease to exist above loo, whilst if 18.1 per cent. of water be added, the liquids are miscible in all proportions at all temperatures above 0’. When cooled below these critical temperatures, the clear solution instantly becomes turbid by the separation into two liquids. No other aqueous solutions of inorganic substances have as yet been found which exhibit a similar behaviour, but strong aqueous solutions of tri- methylamine and triethylamine behave in a like manner with a saturated solution of potassium carbonate. 88 DISCUSSION. Dr. DIVERSsaid that Mr. Newth’s raper WAS interesting on account of the evidence it afforded that we had in aqueous ammonia an analogue of aqueous alcohol, the liquefied ammonia precipitating salts from aqueous solution and becoming dehydrated by potassium carbonate.He had himself shown that ammonium nitrate deliquesced in ammonia gas just as other salts deliquesced in aqueous vapour, and then furnished liquid ammonia under atmospheric pressure, which behaved as a solvent like water or alcohol. 6‘“55. The decomposition of chlorates. Part 11. Lead chlorate.” By William H. Sodeau, B.Sc. The preparation of pure anhydrous lead chlorate and the examina- tion of the products of its slow decomposition were first dealt with. The solid residue was found to absorb chlorine very readily at the temperature of the decomposition (about 200--240°), hence much of the’ chlorine first evolved is usually reabsorbed.When quantities of 1gram were decomposed at atmospheric pressure in times varying from 15 to 65 minutes, the chlorine given off varied from 45 to 60.6 per cent. of the amount originally present in the chlor- ate actually decomposed. The employment of a stream of nitrogen increased this proportion, the series of experiments thus carried out pointing to 87.5 per cent. of chlorine as the limiting value when reab- sorption is entirely eliminated, although Spring and Prost (Bull.SOC. Chim.,1889, [iii 3, 1,340) obtained only 8 per cent. in the decomposition of large quantities. Only 81.4 per cent. could be obtained by re-ducing the pressure to 2 mm., but this is probably accounted for by the necessary increase of temperature having facilitated reabsorption ; it seems remarkable that decrease of pressure should markedly impede the decomposition of the chlorate.Addition of lead chloride appears to have no effect whatever. In violent decompositions (lasting about 1 second) at atmospheric pressure, some oxychloride was formed, and only about 39 per cent. of the chlorine mas obtained. Similar decompositions at pressures varying from 6 to 20 mm. gave 58.6 per cent., but the much higher temperature must no doubt have prevented the reabsorption from being even then successfully eliminated. The author concludes that the slow decomposition of lead chlorate consists of two independent reactions : (1) Pb(C10,), =PbCI, + 30, ; (2) Pb(ClO,), =PbO, + C1, + 202, the latter having about seven times the velocity of the former.At the same time, the reaction PbO,+ C1, =PbCl, + 0, proceeds to a greater or less extent according to the conditions, and may result in much of the chlorine being reabsorbed, The mechanism in rapid decomposition is probably similar, except that 89 the higher temperature decomposes much of the peroxide giving oxychloride. "56. The bromination of benzeneazophenol." By J. T. Hewitt and W. G. Aston. One of the authors recently (Trans., 1900, 77,99) described the nitration of benzeneazophenol with dilute nitric acid at 40-45'. The production of benzeneazo-o-nitrophenolagreed with the formulation of benzeneazophenol as a hydroxylic derivative of azobenzene, but was not compatible with the structure of quinonephenylhydrazone, Shortly after the publication of these results, a note by Professor Armstrong (Proc., 1899, 15,243) appeared in which it was stated that bromine and benzeneazophenol yielded a product giving p-bromoanil- ine and phenol on reduction.The authors find, however, that the first product of the action of bromine on benzeneazophenol is benzene-azo-o-di bromophenol, if the bromination is carried out in acetic acid solution to which sodium acetate is added in order to prevent any formation of quinonephenylhydrazone hydrobromide. In fact, with the exercise of care in the matter of cooling, and the slow addition of the acetic acid solution of bromine, a nearly quantitative yield may be obtained, the substance separating immediately in ft very pure condition.Benzeneazo-o-dibromophenol melts at 136' (corr.) ; it forms a well crystallised sodium salt, but no hydrochloride or hydrate has been obtained, although it gives a sulphate with concentrated sulphuric acid. The acetyl derivative melts at 143', the 6enxoyl derivative at 120', and the ethyl ether at 71". The latter compound does not show any mobility of its bromine atoms, boiling for one hour with acetone leaving it unchanged. The substitution of other azophenols is being investigated. *57. ('A new glucoside from willow bark." By H. A. D. Jowett, D.Sc. Having had occasion to examine a bark purchased as that of black willow, which could not be further identified than as some species of Salix, it was found that the glucoside contained in the bark was not salicin, but a new compound.Chemical examination has shown it to be the glucoside of m-oxybenzaldehyde, and the name saZinigrin is pro-visionally suggested for it. It is contained in the bark to the extent of about 1 per cent., and is a white, crystalline substance melting at 195' (corr.). It is soluble in 52.2 parts of water and in 218.2 parts of alcohol at 90 15', and is laevorotatory [a]: = -87.3'. From salicin, it is sharply distinguished by yielding a colourless solution with sul phuric acid salicin under similar conditions producing a blood-red colour. Its formula is C,,H,,07, and it splits up, on hydrolysis, into d-glucose and m-oxy benzaldehyde."58. ''Alkylation by means of dry silver oxide and alkyl iodides." By George Druce Lander, D.Sc. In addition to the results given (this vol., 6), the following mere described. By the action of dry silver oxide and ethyl iodide on acetanilide, ethyl i-acetanilide, C,H,N :C(OC,H,)CH,, is produced. This is a colourless, mobile liquid, boiling at 207-208', essily hydrolysed by mineral acids into aniline, acetic acid, and alcohol. By warming with aniline, diphenyl ethenyl amidine, PhN:C(NH*Ph)CH, (m. p. 131-132') is formed. Ethyl malonate, by prolonged boiling with an excess of oxide and ethyl iodide, is partially ethylated, nearly 8 grams of ethyl ethyl- malonate being obtained from 32 grams of ethyl malonate.The action of silver oxide and methyl iodide on salicylic acid gave methyl methoxybenzoate boiling at 245'; the free acid melted at 99'. Oxidation may also occur, as in the following cases. In alkylating benzoin, part is oxidised to benzaldehyde and benzoic acid, the latter being then alkylated. In the alkylation of ethyl acetoacetate, if the iodide be added to the mixed ethereal salt and oxide, a small quantity of a high boiling oxidation product, probably ethyl diacetylfumarate, is formed which crystallises from ether in fine needles (m. p. 102-105'). 59. "The interaction of mesityl oxide and ethyl sodiomethyl-malonate." By Arthur William Crossley. By the condensation of mesityl oxide with ethyl sodiomethyl- malonate, ethyl trirnetl~yldil~yd~~o~esorcylate,C,,H,,O,, is obtained, which separates from a mixture of chloroform and light petroleum as a microcrystalline powder melting at 94".On hydrolysis with alcoholic CHCH; CO potash, it yields trirnethyldihydroresol.cinol,(CH,),C/' >CH-,\CH,---CO which crystallises in clusters of needles melting at 99-5-100'. The ethyl ether, C,,H,,O,, is a faintly yellow oil boiling at 264-265' (750 mm.), and the silver derivative a white, flocculent precipitate. By oxidising the resorcinol with sodium hypobromite, it is converted into an acid having the formula C,H,,O,, which melts at 91 88' and seems to be aPP-trimethylglutaric acid. If the oxidation be arrested before it is complete, a dibromo-and a monobromo-derkative may be obtained.The former, having the formula C,H12Br202, crystallises from alcohol in needles melting at 112*5O,and the latter C,H,,BrO,, separates from benzene in glistening plates melting with decomposition at 152". The more complete investigation of the properties and reactions of the resorcinol and its derivatives is in progress. 80. (( The products of the action of fused potash on dihydroxystearic acid." By Henry Rondel Le Sueur. From the products resulting from the fusion of dihydroxystearic acid (m. p. 130*5-131") with potassium hydroxide at a low tempera- ture, two acids have been isolated. One of these is a dibasic acid, C,8H3405,which crystallises from acetic acid in aggregates of long, flat needles melting at 111-111*5".The siZver salt, C,,H,,O,Ag,, is a white, curdy precipitate, the calcium salt crystallises with 3H20, and the ethyl salt, C,,H,,0,Et2, is a slightly yellow, oily liquid boiling at 269-270' under 30 mm. pressure. The other acid, CI,,H,,O,, crystal-lises from dilute alcohol in small plates melting at 78-5--79", and is probably identical with the acid which Saytzeff (J. pr. Chem., 1886, 33,300) obtained in an impure state by the distillation of dihydroxy- stearic acid. If the fusion of the dihydroxystearic acid be carried out at a higher temperature, the main products formed are azelaic acid, pelargonic acid, and an oil which boils at 280-300° under 50 mm. pressure. The author intends to investigate thoroughly the various products obtained by fusing the dihydroxystearic acids (from oleic and elaidic acids) with alkalis, and to study generally the action of fused alkalis QL~hydroxylated fatty acids.ADDITIONS TO THE LIBRARY. I. Donations. Bournon, Jacques Louis Comte de. Trait6 de minhralogie. Premiere partie, renfermant l'introduction A la mineralogie en gindral, la thhorie de la cristallisation, 1'Qtude de la chaux carbonathe proprement dite, et de l'arragonite, avec application du calcul cristallographique A la dktermination des formes cristallines de ces deux substances. Ill. 3 vols. London 1805. Faraday, Michael. Chemical manipulation, being instructions to 92 students in chemistry on the methods of perForming experiments of demonstration or research with accuracy and success.Ill. Third edition. London 1842. Fourcroy, Antoine Frangois de. Elements of chemistry and natural history, to which is prefixed the philosophy of chemistry. Fifth edition with notes by John Thomson [W. Nicholson and W. Allen]. Folding plates. 3 vols. Edinburgh 1800. Chemical philosophy, or the established bases of modern chemistry. Translated from the French by W. Desmond. Third edition. London 1807. Gren, Friedrich Albert Carl. Principles of modern chemistry, systematically arranged. Ill. 2 vols. London 1800. Griffin, John Joseph. A system of crystallography with its application to mineralogy. Glasgom 1841. Henry, William. An epitome of chemistry in three parts . . . . Second edition.London 1801. Lemery, Nicholas. Cours de chemie . . . . Nouvelle bdition revue, corrigde, et augmentbe par Theodore Baron, Ill. Paris 1757. Macquer, Pierre Joseph. A dictionary of chemistry . . . . trans-lated from the French, with plates, notes, and additions by the trans- lator. Ill. 2 vols. in 2. London 1771. Noad, Henry Minchin. Chemical manipulation and analysis. Part I. Manipulation and qualitative analysis. Part 11. Quantitative a.nalysis. 111. 2 vols. London 1848. Normandy, Alphonse Rdnd le Mire. Practical introduction to H. Rose’s treatise on chemical analysis, illustrated by synoptic tables and numerous formulas. London 1849. Pharmaceutical Times, The. A journal of chemistry applied to the arts, agriculture, and manufactures.Vols. 1-111. Sspt. 5, 1846. Nov. 4,1848. continued as Chemical Times, The, and Journal of Pharmzcy, manufactures, agriculture, and the industrial arts [edited by G. Is$. Mowbray). Vol. IV. Nov. 11, 1848-May 5, 1849. London. Thomson, R. D. A cyclopaedia of chemistry, practical and theo- retical, with its applications to mineralogy, physiology, and the arts. Ill. London 1854. Thomson, Thomas. A system oE chemistry. Ill. Second edition. 4 vols. Edinburgh 1804. The same. Third edition. 5 vols. Edinburgh 1807. From the Institute of Chemistry. A familiar grammar of the principles and practice of chemistry for the use of schools, illustrated by experiments. London 1810. Bergman, Sir Torbern. An essay on the usefulness of chemistry, and its application to the various occasions of life.London 1783. 93 Nicholson, William. The first principles of chemistry. Second edition. London 1792. Rose, Hermann. Chemical tables for the calculation of quantitative analysis. . . . recalculated . . . by William P. Dexter. Boston 1850. A practical treatise of chemical analysis, including tables for calculations in analysis. Translated by 9. R. le 35. Normandy. London 1818. Skrimshire, Fenwick. A series of popular chymical essays : con-taining a variety of instances of the application of chymistry to the arts and manufactures, to the explanation of natural phenomena, and other useful purposes. Vol. I. only. London 1802. From J. H. Williamson, Esq., through H. E. Brothers, Esq.Helm, Georg. The principles of mathematical chemistry : the energetics of chemical phenomena. Translated by J. Livingston R. Morgan. New York 1897. From the Translator. Ladenburg, A. Lectures on the history and development of chemistry since the time of Lavoisier. Translated from the second German edition by Leonard Dobbin. Edinburgh 1900. From the Author. Morgan, J. Livingston R. The elements of physical chemistry. New York 1899. From the Author. -An outline of the theory of solution and its results : for chemists and electricians. New York 1897. From the Author. Richter, Victor von. Organic chemistry, or chemistry of the carbon compounds. Edited by R. Anschutz and C. Schroeter. Translated by Edgar F. Smith. 3rd American from 8th German edition.Vol. 11. Carbocyclic and heterocyclic series. London 1900. From the Publishers. Warington, R. Lectures on some of the physical properties of soil. With frontispiece. Oxford 1900. From the Author. -Sulphiite of ammonia, its characteristic and practical value as a manure. London 1900. From the Author. Pamphlet. Spring, W. La plasticitd des corps solides et ses rapports avec la formation des Roches. Bruxelles 1899. From the Author, 94 CERTIFICATES OF CANDIDATES FOR ELECTION AT THE NEXT BALLOT. The following Candidates have been proposed for election. A ballot will be held on Thursday, May 3rd, 1900. N.B.-The names of those who sign from General Knowledge ” are printed in italics. Bain, Alexander William, 2, Muswell Rise, Highgate, N.Tutor and Teacher of Chemistry. Student at Northern Poly-technic Instn., B.A. (Lond. Univ.), Inter. B.Sc. (Lond.). Advanced Stage Cert. Sci. and Art Dept. Pract. and Theor. Inorg. Chem. Desirous of increasing my knowledge of Chemistry. Jn. H. Allworthy. H. F. C. Goltz. J. T. Dunn. John Spillel.. H. T. Sorrell. Geo. Chccloner. F. Southerden. Aythur J.Xtarey. Beringer, Heinrich Rowland, 11, Dolcoath Road, Camborae. Druggist and Assistant in Chemistry at the Camborne Mining School. In 1882-1883, two years’ training in General and Analytical Chemistry in the Laboratory of the Public Analyst for Cornmall. During the last eight years has made steady progress in Mineral Chemistry. J. Paul de Castro. John J.Beringer. John Gill. William A. li‘lden. John C. Unaney. Britten, Frank Curzon, B.A., 21, Osbaldeston Road, London, N. Second Master in Peter Symond’s School, Winchester (School of Science). Science Master, Thame Grammar School, September, 1895 to December, 1898. First Assistant, Mansfield Technical School, January-July, 1899. Tutor in St. Mark’sl College, Chelsea, Septem- ber-Decem ber, 1899. W. W. Fisher. A. E. Tutton. A. Vernon Harcourt. J. E. Marsh. P. Elford. C. H. H. Walker. 95 Brooke, John Richard, A.I.C., 20, Aberdeen Park, Highbury, N. ; also 37, Mincing Lane, E.C. Analytical Chemist. Over nine years’ practical experience in Analytical Chemistry under Professor John Attfield, F.R.S., and Professor Wjndham R.Dunstan, F.R.S., Sec.C.53. Latterly Analyst to the Lonsdale Haernatite Smelting Co., Ltd., Whitehaven. Now in business on my own account. Have passed the Final Examination (January, 1900) of the Institute of Chemistry for the Associateship. Wyndharn R. Dunstan. Arthur W. Crossley. Julian L. Baker. H. R. Le Sueur. Bernard Dyer. Samuel HalE. Chater, Arthur Brand, 65, Queen Street, Brisbane. Analytical Chemist, Formerly Lecturer in Chemistry at the College of Pharmacy, Brisbane. Member and ex-President of Queensland Pharmacy Board. Examiner to the Board in Chemistry. Have been retained by the Queensland Government as Consulting Chemist in Industrial Matters. Wm. Martindale. Ernest J. Parvy. John Barclay. Fved W. Netcher. Peter MacEwan. J.West Knights. Cullinan, Nicholas, Risea, Monmout hshire . M.D. (Brux.), L.R.C.P., L.R.C.S., L.F.P.S.G., L.M., D.P.H. (Dublin). Six mouths’ Theoretical work, six months’ Practical work, and six months- Analytical work for D.P.H. Geo. R. Thompson. G. H. Gemmell. Clarence A. Seyler. W. Ivison Macadam. Stevenson Macadam. Stevenson Macadam, jun. Cussons, John, B.Sc., A.C.P., 4, Mount Pleasant, Portmadoc. Science Master at the County Intermediate School, Portmadoc, Carnarvon. Bachelor of Science (Victoria). Student of Chemistry for four years at the Yorkshire College, Leeds. Since Science Master at the County Intermediate School, Portmadoc. Arthur Smithells. Herbert Ingle. J. B. Cohen. Thos. Ewan. Richd, Spencer. Davis,Arthur Charles, 3, Vinery Road, Cambridge.Chemist in Chemical Manufactory. Chief Chemist to Messrs. 96 Keeble Bros., Ltd., and the Saxon Portland Cement Co., Ltd., Cambridge. Late Chemist (now Director) Evison’s Chemical Works, Ramsey, Hts. Late Assistant in the Cambridge County Laboratory. Interested in the Chemistry of Cements, Clays, and Agriculture. Contributor of articles on Portland Cement Manufacture to The British Clayworker. Desirous of obtaining the Society’s publications as an aid to study. J. West Knights. Austin Keen. Arthur Deck. William Elborne. D. B. Butler. Deerr, Noel Fielding, 26, South Parade, Chelsea, S.W. Analytical Chemist. Associate of the City and Guilds of London Institute. Resident Chemist at Plantation Albion, Demerara. Author of three papers dealing with the thermal constants of the Elements. €‘roc.Chem. Xoc., June 6th, 1895, Chemical News (71,p. 303 ;76, p. 2243. Henry E. Armstrong. F. Stanley Kipping. Gerald T. Moody. G. Harris Morris. Arthur R. Ling. Donald, William, Saltcoats, Ayrshire. Explosives Chemist. I. received my general education at Glasgow from 1862-1873. I studied Chemistry at Glasgow under Dr. Moffat, Dr. Thorpe, and Mr. M. M. Pattison Muir. I was for five years Assistant Chemist to Mr. James Mactear, St. Rollox, Glasgow. Chemist to Nohels, Glasgow, for ten years. Laid out works in Cornwall. Chief Chemist and Works Manager to Explosives Company in South Wales. Inventor of the Chlorine Processes which bear my name.Chemical Engineer to War Office, Turkey. Now Chief Chemist and Works Manager to High Explosives Company, Great Oakley, Essex. James Mactear. R. T. Thomson. R. R. Tatlock. Frank W. Young. John 8. Lumsden. Eadie, Robert, jun., 31, Clarendon Street, Partick, N.B. Analytical Chemist. Studied Chemistry for three Evening Sessions under Professor A. H. Sexton, F.C.S., F.I.C., at the Glasgow and West of Scotland Technical College; and for ten years Assistant with Dr. C. M. Aikman, F.C.S., F.I.C., in his private laboratory. C. N.Aikman. 32. T. Thomson. R. R. Tatlock. James Robson. A. Humboldt Sexton. 97 Ellis, Frederic Richard, 15, Elton Road, Bishopston, Bristol, Chemist. Minor Diploma Pharmaceutical Society, Great Britain, 1894.Assistant Diploma Society Apothecaries, London, 1891. Engaged in Manufacturing Chemistry and Analytical Work for Major Diploma of the Pharmaceutical Society, and B.Sc. Degree London University. Ernest H. Cook. H. W. Jones. Frank H. Alcock. Sydney Young. TV. F. TVytey. FitzGibbon, Thomas, 1, Clyde Cottages, Ilford, Essex. Analytical and Manufacturer’s Chemist. Late Assistant C hemist at “The London School of Brewing and Chemistry,” now Analytical and Manufacturing Chemist to “The Victoria and Royal Albert Docks’ Chemical Works. Theo. D. Lichtenstein. J. T. Hewitt. F. Jewson. L. W. Mathieson. D. S. Macnair. Edgar S. Bnrralet. F. Southerden. Fowler, Morris Broad, 30,West Park. Clifton, Bristol. Chemist and Works Manager.Have studid Chemistry under Prof. R. Meldola, F.R.S., and also under Profs. W. Jago, F I.C., and A. G Bloxam. Have taken First Class Intermediate Scientific Lond. Univ. Have patented various improvements in technical processes. William Jago. Gerald T. Moody. A. G. Bloxam. V.A. Lethbridye. R. Meldola. w.A. Dnvis. F. Southerden. E. C. Jee. Halstead, Reginald Gordon, 3, Rathbone Place, Oxford Street, London. Chemist in the Laboratories of Messrs. Burgoyne, Bnrbidges and Co., London. Have been a Student of Chemistry for some years arid had considerable experience in Analytical Work. Thos. Parries. Thos. Tyrer. Theophilus Pitt. H. Wilson Hake. John Moss. Haynes, James Herbert, 73, Boynland Avenue, Bidlopston, Bristol. Science Teacher.B.Sc. (Victoria). Studied Chemistry three years at The Owens College, Manchester. Science Teacher, Urmstou 98 Higher Grade School, 1896-1898, Science Master at the Fairfield Higher Grade School, Bristol. Evening 1,ecturer in Chemistry. H. B. Dixon. W. H. Perkin, jun. Wrn. A. Bone. (4. €1. Bailey.J.F. 7’lLorpe. Jennings, Henry, Marlowes, Heme1 Hem ptead, Herb. Analyst to London County Council. Student under Prof. Coleman at South Western Polytechnic, Chelsea, from Sept. 1896 to July 1899. Obtained the Associateship of the Institute in Chemistry in 1899. At present time Asst. Chemist, Northern Sewage Outfall, Beckton, Chemical Dept. of the London County Council. J. Bernard Coleman. C. J. 8. Makin. Frank Clowes. H. F. Feymor.R. Grimwood. E. T,Sldbouvn. Kershaw, James Henry, 2 1, Richmond Park Rd., Kingston-on-Thames. Analytical Chemist. For several years I was a Student under MI.. I:. W. Oddy, F.I.C., F.C.S., and Mr. Wm. Marshall, F.I.C., F.C.S., Rochdale. For 6 years I was Assistant to Ah. Oddy, F.I.C., F.C.S., Analytical and Consulting Chemist, Rochdale. At present I am Chemist at Sewage Works, Kingston-on-Thsmes. Robt. W. Oddy. T. Mitchell. William Marshall. WilZianz Bixon. Tho.. Stenhouse Walter X.G‘cwdmy. Liebmann, Adolf, 10, Naysden Street, Manchester. Ph.D. and M.A. of University of Bonn. For 3 years Assistant of Kekuld. Among papers published : ‘‘ Synthesis of Curnene ” ; ‘(Syn-thesis of the Homologues of Phenol,” &c. James Dewar. W.H. Perkin, jun. Henry E. Roscoe Alexander Scott . Henry E. Armstrong. Lockhart, Thomas Lamb, Johannesburg, Transvaal. Analytical Chemist and Assayer. 1889 -1893, Assistant Chemist and Assayer, Pollok Gold Extracting Process, Glasgow-California ; 1893-1898, Chief Chemist and Assayer, Langlaagte Estate and Gold Mining Co., Ltd., Johannesburg ; 1898 to present time, Cyanide Manager and Chemist, Glencairn Main Reef G. M. Co., Ltd., Johannesburg. Stevenson Macadam, Stevenson Macadam, jun, W. Ivison Macadam. G. H. Gemmell, W. 8.Anderson Macrtra, Thomas, 6, West Bank Terrace, Hillhead, Glasgow. City Analyst’s Assistant. Student for 3 years with Dr. John Clark, City Analyst, Glasgow. Attended Dr. Clark’s Lectures on Chemistry, and Lectures at the Technical College, Glasgow, on Chemistry, Mathematics, Magnetism, and Electricity, Assistant with Dr.Clark for the past Sg years. John Clark. Thomas Gray. R. R. Tatlock. Matthew A. Pa&e?* R. T. Thomson. G. G. Hendemon Munton, Frederick Thomas, The Oak House, Winsford, Cheshire. Analyst to Salt Union. Associate of the Royal School of Mines. W. C. Roberts-Austen. W. Palmer Wynne. William A. Tilden. W. Gowland. A. Stansfield. Pet tigrew, Robert, 50, Cresswell Grove, West Didsbury, Manchester. Analytical Chemist. 3 years Student in Chemistry under the late Professor Dittmar, F.R.S., at the Andersonian College, Glasgow. 3 years Chemist to the London Metallurgical Company. 5 years Assistant Chemist in the laboratory of Sir Henry Roscoe, P.R.S.Silver Medallist of the City and Guilds Institute. Henry E. Rwc3e. Harry Grimshaw. Frank Scud ler. Gilbert J. Fowler. J. Carter Bell. Phillpotts, Geoffrey Surtees, 82, James Street, Dublin. Brewing at Guinness’s, Dublin. Studied Chemistry for 4 years at Cambridge, taking 1st and 2nd Classes in Parts I.and 11. respectively Nat. Sci. Triposes, June, 1898 and 1899. Taught Chemistry at Redford Grammar School, September to December 1899. S. Ruhemann. C. T,Heycock. H, J. H. Fenton. F. H. Neville. T.B. Case, Sandford, James Wallace, Adelaide, South Australia, p~o.tern. c/o Mr. F. J. Lloyd, 4, Lombard Court, London, E.C. Interested in Chemistry as applied to Agriculture in Australia. Studied Chemistry at St.Peter’s College, Adelaide, S. Australia, for 4 years. Also at the Government Agricultural College of South Australia, 18 months. Have been pupil for Chemistry under Mr. F. J. 100 Lloyd, F.I.C., for 18 months at above address. Have certificates for passing the Junior and Senior Public Examinations, Adelaide University, South Australia. Fredk. J. Jlloyd. Jas. DIcCreatti, Alexander Cameron. J. 11. x,~dl0,L. J.Henyy G‘ilbeit Steele, Bertram D., B.Sc. (Victoria), 4@,Herndale Road, London, S.W. 1851 Exhibition Research Scholar in the School of Chemistry. cJoint Author with Professor Rlassori of paper “The Blue Salt of Pehling’s Sdution.” Lately Zocum tenew for Professor Rennie a1 the University of Adelaide. J. Norman Collie. Williairi Itamsay.Arthur Lapworth. Ed ward Bevan. Thomas Tickle. C. I?. Cross. Tilley, JamesWalter, 2, Stockwell Crescent, London, S.W. Consulting and Research Chemist to Messrs. Stevenson and Howell, Ltd, Manufacturing Chemists, Southwark Street, S.E. Have been engaged for 15 years as Laboratory Chemist in connection with Pharmacy and Aerated Water Manufacture. Studied Chemistry and Physics three years at the Birkbeck Institute. Have conducted various researches on Essential Oils with the object of perfecting manufacturing processes. Reginald Howell. J. E. Stead. William Stevenson, 11. IIelbing. Charles A. Wrench. Peter ,IlacEwun, Walker, Augustus John, 3, Arnold Street, Hull. Science Master. Degree of Bachelor of Science (Vict.). Associate of the Yorkshire College. Five years Lecturer in Theoretical and Practical Chemistry in Day and Evening Science Schools. Jas. Baynes. H. Irving Foster. Harry Thompson. GY. Caw Robinson. Frederick William De Velling. Alf. J. Pni*ke:el.. -HIC‘HARD CLAY AND SONS, LIMITED, LONDON AND BUNQAY
ISSN:0369-8718
DOI:10.1039/PL9001600077
出版商:RSC
年代:1900
数据来源: RSC
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