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PROCEEDINGS OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY. EDITED BY THE XECRETARIES. Vol. 18. No.245. January 16th, 1902. Prof. EMERSON Sc.D., V.P.R.S.,REYNOLDS, President, in the Chair. Messrs. Jollyman, Kettle, and J. H. Allworthy were formally admitted Fellows of the Society. Certificates were read for the first time in favour of Messrs. Edwin Bayles Atkinson, Scartho House, Great Grimsby ; Matthew Bradbury Challen, Daylesford, Victoria ; NoGl Heaton, 20, Girdlers Road, West Kensington, W. ;William Brannan Jackson, Glengowan, Caldercruix, N.B. ; Selwyn Philip James Lavelle, Royston Villa, Ashby Road, Burton-on-Trent ; Allan Ogilvie, 19, Market Street, Millom, Cumber- laud ; Nevi1 Vincent Sidgmick, Lincoln College, Oxford ;James Swain, 17, Winsham Street, West Side, Clapham Common, S.W.DAY AND HOUR OF MEETING. The Council has decided, on the recommendation of the Committee appointed for the purpose, that for the remainder of the Session the Ordinary Meetings of the Society shall be held at the following times : JANUARY. Thursday ...... Jan. 16 ..... at 8.0 p.m. FEBRUARY. Thursday ...... Feb. 6 ..... ,, 8.0 ,, Wednesday ..... ,, 19 ..... ,, 5.30 ,, 2 MARCH. Thursday . March 6 .. . . . at 8.0 p.m Wednesday ,? 19 .. ... ,,5,30 ,, APRIL, Thursday . April 17 ..... 9) 8.0 9) Wednesday 30 ..... ,? 5.30 ?>$2 MAY. Thursday . May 15 ..... 9, 8.0 Wednesday 28 . . . . . ,,5.30 ,)?I JUNE. Thursday . June 5 Wednesday 18?Y Annual General Meeting, Wednesday, March 26, at 4.30 p.m.Of the following papers those marked *weve read : “1. ‘I An investigation of the radioactive emanation produced by thorium compounds.” I. By E. Rutherford, M.A., D.Sc.,and F. Soddy, B.A. The main questions examined by the authors are (1) Can thoria, the emanating power of which has been largely destroyed by ignition, have this property restored to it by chemical treatment ?(2) Is eman-ating power to be regarded as a specific property of thorium, or is it due to the presence of a foreign material! (3) Does the radioactive emanation itself resemble in chemical nature any known substance ? The electrical methods employed for the measurement of emanating power and radioactivity depend on the universal property of the radiations from substances known as radioactive of ionising or producing charged carriers from the gas through which they pass whereby the gas is rendered capable of conducting a current of electricity.The amount of the current, measured by means of a quadrant electrometer, affords the means of comparing the intensities of radiations, and the method is capable of a degree of precision and rapidity impossible with the better known photographic method. Use was made of the rate of decay of the radiation from the emanation with lapse of time to recognise and distinguish between different types of emanation, and the study of the phenomena is thus rendered qualitative as well as quantitative in character. The means 3 employed for eliminating the effects of the emanation from the effects of the straight line radiation and vice versa were explained.The first question is conclusively answered in the affirmative. After solution and reprecipitation, no difference was observed in the emanating powers of thorium compounds prepared from ordinary thoria and thoria de-emanated as completely as possible by intense ignition. The latter process must therefore be regarded as an obliteration of the effect rather than a removal of the cause. The de-emanation of thoria by ignition leaves the straight line radioactivity quite unaffected. With regard to the second question, the-attempts first made to sep- arate from thorium a substance to which the emanating power could be traced were not successful.These included a fractionation of the sulphate and a precipitation of thoria by potassium azoimide ac-cording to the method of Dennis. No change in either the emanating power or radioactivity was observed in thoria prepared by these methods. Subsequently, results of a different character were obtained. It was found that water vapour increases and desiccation decreases the normal value of the emanating power, the extremes varying in the ratio of 2 to 1. Cooling acts powerfully in the opposite direction to illcrease of temperature. At -78O, the emanating power was only one-tenth of the normal, but no permanent alteration in value is pro-duced. The lapse of time in increasing the emanating power of freshly prepared thorium hydroxide is very striking.A maximum value appears to be attained after some days, and this is not much affected by sealing up the substance in glass. An investigation of the third point, the chemical nature of the emanation itself, showed that this possesses the property of chemical inertness which characterises the members of the argon family. Using in the different cases suitable gases to carry the emanation from the thoria, it was subjected to the action of the following reagents on its way to the testing apparatus : red-hot lead chromate, white-hot plat- inum, platinum black raised gradually to a white heat, red-hot mag- nesium, zinc dust, and palladium black. In each case the radioactivity of the gas current was quite unaffected, proving that, not only is the emanation not absorbed by these reagents, but also that its radio-activity is not thereby affected, The possible explanation that the emanation is the manifestation of excited radioactivity on the surround- ing atmosphere was shown to be untenable by a crucial experiment.Since the only known gases which would survive in unaltered amount the action of all the reagents employed are the gases of the argon family, the authors conclude that the emanation is allied in properties to the elements of this group. The emanating power of thorium nitrate, which in the solid state is only 1.8 per cent, of that of thoria, is increased 200 times by 4 solution in water. It was also found that the emanating power of the carbonate varies enormously with the method of preparation, and specimens of it have been obtained differing in the ratio of 80 to 1, of which the highest possesses four times the value of thoria.A remarkable observation has been made on the solutions from which thorium has -been precipitated with ammonia ; although these should be free from thoria, they still possess both emanating power and radioactivity in considerable amounts. This has led to the preparation of substances free from thorium, but possessing radioactivity and emanating power indistinguishable from that of thorium, many hundred, in some cases over a thousand, times as active. The identity extended to the penetration power of the rays for metals and the rate of decay of the emanation. The fact that those processes in which a portion of the emanating material is certainly removed from thorium does not much affect the value of the emanating power of the latter, taken in conjunction with the very great variations which this value suffers in different circumstances and often spontaneously with time, leads to the bdief that emanating power is the manifestation of a dynamical change rather than a function of matter in the static condition.In the same way as in chemical reaction, the active mass of a reacting solid appears indepen- dent of its quantity, so the rate of the change, of which emanating power is a measure, does not depend solely or even mainly on the quantity of emanating material present, The removal of the latter is consequently not accompanied by corresponding changes in the eman- ating power.The straight line radioactivity, on the other hand, is apparently unaffected by any of the causes which so profoundly alter the value of the emanating power, and appears much more likely to be additive with regard to mass. The effect of the removal<of an intensely radioactive and emanating material from thorium is found, in accord- ance with this view, to reduce the straight line radioactivity of the thorium very materially, These results show that thorium is partially separated from ThX, the constituent responsible for its activity, and the latter can be obtained free from thorium, The chemical examination of the thorium-free active substances pre- pared in the manner described showed the presence of an unknown substance, precipitated from its solutions by sodium phosphate.This the authors regard as merely an accidental impurity. The actual ThX is probably present only in minute quantity, exhibiting the behaviour of being dragged down by precipitates, without reference to its true analytical bohaviour. Another method of separation confirms this view, By evaporation of water with which thoria has been shaken for some time, small deposits are obtained which are often of the order of a thousand fold 5 more active than the original thoria. The washed sample exhibits a considerable reduction of radioactivity after the process, whilst the character of the radiations as before is identical with the ordinary thorium radiation.A careful chemical examination failed to reveal the presence of any other element besides thorium. The view that the radioactivity and emanating power of thorium is to be ascribed to the presence of a minute amount of a constituent ThX of correspondingly great activity is thus confirmed. DISCUSSION. Mr. VERNON had previously read two papers by Professor HARCOURT Rutherford in the Philosophical Magaaine which explained the apparatus used by the authors. The authors’ conclusion that the influence upon the conducting power of air or other gas interposed between oppositely electrified surfaces is due, not to an imponderable force radiating from the molecules of thoria, but to the escape in minute quantity of some substance which is mixed with the thoria, and which can be dissolved and precipitated, was of very great interest,.He might recall the observations and conclusions of Dr. Russell, who had investigated the photographic effect of the emanation from a number of substances, and had similarly concluded that the results were due, not to such an agent as light or electricity, but to the action of hydrogen peroxide. *2. LL The constitution of hydrocyanic, cyanic, and cyanuric acids.” By F. D. Chattaway and J. M. Wadmore. A study of the behaviour of cyanogen chloride, bromide, and iodide shows that they possess the typical and characteristic properties of compounds in which halogen is attached to nitrogen. They react, for example, quantitatively with solutions of hydriodic acid, sulphurous acid, and hydrogen sulphide, hydrocyanic acid being in each case reformed, whilst iodine, sulphuric acid, and sulphur respec- tively are produced.They must consequently be regarded as imino-derivatives and be represented by the constitutional formuh, C:N*Cl C:N*Br C:N*I. The ease with which the cyanogen halogen compounds can be formed from hydrocyanic acid and its salts and again transformed into them makes it in the highest degree probable that these also have the imino-constitution and must be represented by formulae such as C3.H C:N*K C:N*Ag. 6 Since the cyanides and cyanogen halogen compounds have the above structure, their relations with cyanic acid and the cyanates point to the probability of the latter also having the iso-constitution : 0:C:N.H 0:C:N.K 0:C:N Ag.Cyanuric acid also yields a derivative in which all its hydrogen is replaced by chlorine and which has the composition C,O,N,CI,. It is formed by the action of chlorine on a solution of potassium cyanurate. It is a white powder, insoluble or soluble only with decomposition in most ordinary solvents, which under the microscope is seen to consist of short prisms, m, p. 245'. Its behaviour shows that the whole of its chlorine is attached to nitrogen. It liberates chlorine when treated with hydrochloric acid, iodine with hydriodic acid, and oxidises sulphurous to sulphuric acid ; it reacts explosively with a strong solution of ammonia, nitrogen being evolved, and also with a solution of hydrogen sulphide, setting free sulphur ; cyanuric acid is in each case reformed.Since cyanurates are readily and completely converted into this tri-chlorimino-derivative, and the latter in many reactions equally readily and completely again into cyanuric acid, the conclusion is justified that the latter and its derivatives are imino- and not hydroxy-com- pounds, and assuming the ring structure, they must therefore be re-presented by the formulae : 8 R RP\ Cl-7P\ Y*ClH*Y T*H K.7P\ T*K 0:c c:o 0:c c:o 0:c c:o h' H A similar study of the behaviour of cyanuric chloride and bromide shows that in them the halogen is attached to carbon and not to nitrogen. DISCUSSION. Professor DOBBIEsaid that in a paper (Hartley, Dobbie, and Lauder, Twns., 1901, 79, 848) on the absorption spectra of cyanogen com-pounds, it had been pointed out that il cyanuric acid possessed the formula usually assigned to it, it differed from all substances hitherto examined in which carbon and nitrogen atoms were united by alternate double and single bonds in showing no selective absorption.This was the case, however, not only with the derivatives of cyanuric, but also of those of isocyanuric acid, so that if cyanuric acid possessed the imino-structure attributed to it by the authors, there still remained 7 the difficulty of satisfactorily representing the constitution of the iso-derivatives. All that spectroscopic examination proves is that it is extremely unlikely that any of these compounds possess a structure analogous to that of pyridine or dimethylpyrazine. Mr.C. E. GROVESsaid that the very interesting substance, C,O,N,Cl,, to which the authors had given the name of trichloraminocyanuric acid, seemed to have rather the properties of a hypochlorite. Several ring compounds were known somewhat analogous to it in properties, of which the constitutions mere accurately known in so far that the chloriue was certainly not attached to nitrogen ; such, for instance, was the compound obtained by chlorinating trichloro-orcinol, C,CI,Me(OH),, which might be represented by the hypochlorite formula, C,Cl,Me(OCl),. If this view were adopted, the formula of the new substance might be represented as C,N,(OCl),, in harmony with that usually assigned to cyanuric acid, C,N,(OH),.Dr. LAPWORTHthought that, even if the halogen derivatives re-ferred to had the constitutions which it was proposed to assign to them, it did not follow that the acids from which they are obtained had the same structure. The conclusions drawn were no doubt cor-rect, but this had been decided by physical methods. Reasqning based on the assumption that a substituting atom or group takes up the position originally occupied by the atom displaced could only be accepted with the utmost caution when the molecule is of a labile type.Thus, in the replacement of the metal in ethyl sodioacetoacetate by alkyls, the new group becomes attached to the carbon atom, but it is not generally conceded that the metal in the original compound occupied that position.Again, by the action of bromine water on phenol, a tetrabromo-substitution product having the structure-o:C<CBr: CH>C<Br *is obtained (Beqe., 1900, 33,674), but this is CBr:CH Br not a sufficient reason for representing phenol by the formula O:C<~~$~>GH,. In such cases the reactions are open to several interpretations, and in the present case the substitution experiments may be explained equally well by using the alternative formulae for the acids. Dr. FORSTERpointed out that the conversion of cyanuric acid into the chloro-derivative by the action of chlorine on a solution of the acid in potassium hydroxide is an argument which supports the hydroxylic representation of cyanuric acid quite as strongly as the iminic, the change represented by the formula, 8 leading easi from hydroxylic cyanuric acid to the nitrogen chloride derivative.Dr. TRAVERSremarked that though the authors had referred to the work of Hartley and others as supporting their theory, the re- searches of these same investigators on isatin and its methyl deriva- tives pointed to the danger of accepting such conclusions. Since ketonic isatin gives rise, by treating its salts with methyl iodide, to enolic methyl isatin, obviousIy no conclusion could be drawn from such a reaction, which they explain on the basis of the ionic theory. Professor DUNSTAN was of opinion that in general the tautomerism of these cyanogen derivatives renders it impossible to assign to any one of them a formula which will satisfactorily account for all its reactions.The authors had obtained a very interesting chlorine derivative of cyanuric acid, but its behaviour did not appear to be inconsistent with its being regarded as containing chlorine in the place of the hydrogen of three hydroxyl groups. He considered im- probable the authors’ explanation of its decomposition by hydro- chloric acid giving free chlorine. Dr. CHATTAWAYin reply said that their work neither proved nor disproved the cyclic constitution of cyanuric acid ;it only showed that, whatever the formula, the whole of the hydrogen was attached to nitro- gen, and therefore the hydroxylic formula was not possible.The stability of the chlorine derivative of cyanuric acid and the analogy of its reactions with those of substances such as nitrogen iodide and cyanogen iodide showed that it could not contain -0-GI groups. “3. L4 A modification of Zeisel’s method for the estimation of methoxyl groups.’’ By J. T. Hewitt and T. S. Moore. The authors described a modification of Zeisel’s well-known method in which the condenser supplied with water at 40’ is replaced by a frac-tionating column ; this is so eacient that the potcash bulbs containing water with red phosphorus in suspension may be dispensed with. The time taken in fitting up the apparatus and in carrying out the opera- tion is much less than in Zeisel’s original method.Experimental data were given showing the accuracy attainable. 9 “4. “A new colour reaction of hydroxylamine.” By W. C. Ball, B.A. During the course of some experiments on the action of hydroxyl-amine salts on nickel sulphide, the author obtained an intense purple coloration, which proved eventually to be independent of the presence of nickel or any other metal. The production of this colour is a very delicate test for hydroxyl-amine, as solutions so dilute as no longer to reduce Fehling’s solution perceptibly, either in the cold or on boiling, easily respond to this test. The best method of applying the reaction is to boil the hydroxyl- amine solution with one or two drops of yellow ammonium sulphide solution until a precipitate of sulphur is produced ;two or three cubic centimetres of 0.880 ammonia solution are then added, and finally an equal volume of strong pure alcohol. The purple colour thus developed exhibits a characteristic absorption spectrum, consisting of a wide band covering the yellow, orange and part of the green.In stronger solutions, the violet an3 blue are absorbed, and in very strong solutions the green rays also, so that the only light transmitted is a band in the red. With a dilution of 1 part of hydroxylamine in 2000 of water the coloration is intense and the band very distinct; with a dilution of 1 part in 300,000 of water, the coloration is still strong, and the band perceptible in 3 centimetres thickness of the solution. By means of this test hydroxylamine may be detected when the dilution does not exceed 1 part in 500,000 of water.The production of the colour is well adapted for showing the form- ation of hydroxylamine by the action of metals, for example, tin, on nitric acid. It also serves as a very good means of distinguishing hydroxylamine from hydrazine, as the latter base does not produce the colour. The coloured substance is also produced, and can be obtained in the solid form, by the action of dry ammonia on an alcoholic solution of sulphur monobromide, or an acetone solution of nitrogen sulphide in presence of a little hydrogen sulphide. The colouring matter seems to be the same as that observed by Fordos and GBlis when nitrogen sulphide containing sulphur is treated with alcoholic potash.The absorption spectrum of the compound appears to be identical with that of Moissan’s sulphammonium, obtained by the action of liquid ammonia on sulphur. The author is endeavouring to obtain the substance pure enough for analysis. 10 "5. "On the sensitiveness of a thermoregulator." By A. W.C. Menzies. The following details have been recorded, as it is not generally known within what small limits of temperature a bath may be kept constant, using gas heating and the ordinary form of regulator. The glass 'horse-shoe ' reservoir was of the usual form, with a capacity of 390 C.C. and an outer surface of about 650 sq. cm. ;to this reservoir the ordinary U-form regulating tube which contains mercury, was fused on and the glass con- nections so bent that all the tubes containing enclosed liquid were under the water of the bath.As toluene was used for the expanding liquid, the stopcock that closes one limb of the U-tube was lubricated with syrupy phosphoric acid. The bath held 14 litres and was of enamelled iron, with no jacket. The stirrer was driven by a small electromotor, and care was taken that a portion of the vibration of the motor was communicated to the regulator, thus aiding the free move- ment of the mercury in response to the pressure of the toluene. The gas supply to the bye-pass was adjusted by a screw-clip in such a way that the bye-pass flame alone was nearly sufficient to maintain the temperature. Using a tube of 3.1 mm.bore for the outer limb of the regulator, the temperature of the bath can be kept constant at 18' within a total range of 0*008",that is, 0.004° on each side of the middle point. After 24 days, using unfiltered coal-gas, the actual tempera- ture was the same as at starting, and the closeness of regulation was found still within the above limits. If narrower tubes be used, it is well to dry and filter the gas. The inlet tube that leads the gas down to the surface of the mercury is cut off square and should be so wide that on trial the mercury rises higher in it than in the space be- tween it and the regulator tube. A bore of 1.9 mm. for the outer limb of the regulator gave a temperature variation in the bath of not more (though probably less) than 0.0025 (total range).The difference of temperature between bath and room was 6-7'; if the flame mere removed, the bath was found to cool 0.1' in 4.5 minutes. With this regulator, a well-tapped calorimetric thermometer by Golaz, divided into fiftieths of a degree, remained apparently stationary to an esti- mated tenth-division, as also did a "Beckmann "thermometer graduated directly to hundredths. The limits actually registered by two large special alcohol thermometers (one with a bulb of extremely thin glass 180 mm. long and 5 mm. in diameter) mere less than those stated above, which are given after making due allowance for the sluggishness of action of such thermometers. 11 6. '(Myricetin. Part 11." By A. G. Perkin.Myricetin (Trans.,1896,1287),air-dried, has the formula C15Hlo08,H20, is anhydrous at 160°, and melts about 357". The compound previously obtained by the action of bromine is tetrab?*orn-myriceti?~,C,,H6Br408, and is converted by hydriodic acid into myricetin. Nyricetinpenta-methyl ether, C,,H,O,(OCH,),, m. p. 138-139', forms a rnonoacetyt derivative, C,,H,0,(OCH3),(C,H,0), colourless needles, m. p. 167-1 TO", and on decomposition gives gallic acid trimethyl ether and phloro- glucinol monomethyl ether, the latter identified by its diazobenzene derivative (m. p. 250-252'). Uyricetinhezaethyl ether, C15H,0,(0Et)6 almost colourless needles, m. p. 149-151', yields gallic acid triethyl ether and a phenol, probably phloroglucinol diethyl ether (azobenzene compound, yellow needles, m.p. 163-165'). Acetylmgricetin melts at 211-212' and not at 204-206O as previously stated. Myricetrim, air-dried, C,,H,,O,,,H,O ;at 160°,C21H22013,pde yellow leaflets, m. p. 199-200°; a new glucoside, occurs in the bark of the Myrica nagi, and is decomposed by acid into myricetin and rhamnose, C,,H,,O,, + R,O =C,,Hlo08+ C,H,,06. It closely resembles quercitrin. '7. "The colouring matters of green ebony." By A. G. Perkin and S. H. C. Briggs. Green ebony is a yellow dyewood, probably Excoecaria glandulosa or Jacaranda ovatYoZia,until recently employed in this country. It con-tains two crystalline colouring matters, excoecarin and jacarandin, in minute quantity. Excoecurin,C,,H,,O,, yellow needles, m.p. 21 9-221', a weak, substantive dyestuff with animal fibres, forms a tribenzoyl compound, C,,H,O,(C,H,O),, colourless needles, m. p. 168-1 7lo,and a dimethyl ether, m. p, 117-119", yellow needles, giving A uorescent solutions. On fusion with alkali, it yields hydrotolupinone (CH,: 0:O = 1 :2 : 5), and hydroquinone ccc~boxylic acid, the latter apparently de- rived from the former. Bromine in presence of alcoholic potassium acetate forms excoccurone, C1,Hl0O5, copper coloured needles, m. p. about 250°, which on reduction is reconverted into excoecarin. Alcoholic quinone solution gives a similar compound (C,,H,,07 !), green leaflets, m. p. 190°, which is possibly a quinhydrone derivative. Jucarandin, C,,H,,05, yellow plates, m. p. 243-245', resembles luteoiin in dyeing property, and gives a diacetyl, C14Hlo05(C2H30)2,yellow needles, m.p. 192-194', and a dibenxoyl derivative, C,4H,o05(C7H,0),,yellow prismatic needles, m. p. 167- 169'. With alcoholic potasbium acetate the salt, C,,H,,Ol0K, yellow needles, results, and on fusion with alkali an acid, apparently derived from catechol, is formed. The wood contains 12 also two orange coloured resins, one of which is a yellow dyestuff, but the other is devoid of tinctorial property. 8. ''The action of methylene iodide on aryl- and naphthyl-amines : diarylmethylenediamines,acridines, and naphthacridines." By A. Senier and W. Goodwin. The compounds obtained by the interaction of methylene iodide and arylamines (Trans., 1901, 72, 254) were believed to be arylmethylene- diamines.The study of these compounds now proves that in the case of the reaction with aniline, the toluidines, and xylidine, such diamines are formed. With +-cumidhe, however, the well-defined, beautiful, yellow, crystalline compound which results is shown to be a condensation pro- duct. Its analysis, vapour density, the fluorescence of its solutions, and the analogy of its formation to the anthracene synthesis of Friedel and Crafts (Ann. Phys., 1887, [vi], 11, 263) and the acridine synthesis of Bernthsen and Bender (Ber.,1883, 16,1802), indicate it to be an acridine :-hexamethylacridine. This view is confirmed by the exactly parallel behaviour of both a-and P-naphthylnmine with methylene iodide, giving rise to similar compounds, and the identity of the P-compound with the P-naphthacridine already known.This naphthacridine was discovered by Reed, using a different reaction (2pr. Chem., [ii], 1886, 34,160; 1887, 35,298), and has led to interesting results in the hands of Morgan (Trans., 1898, 73, 536). The further study of the properties and constitution of hexamethyl-acridine and a-naphthacridine is being proceeded with and is reserved for a future communication. The following compounds were described : Di~~~enylmethylenedi-amine, CH,(NHPh),, dark yellow powder, m. p. 65-67'. Diphenyl-methylenediamine platinichloride, (C,,H,,N,)H,P tCI6, olive- green powder. Dicarbanilidodi~he~ylmethylenediame,CH,(NPh*CO*NHPh). Ditolylmethy/lenediamines, CH,(NHC,H,Me), ; o-derivative, colourless crystals, m.p. 156-157O; p-derivative, pale yellow crystals, m. p. 149-150' ; m-derivative, yellow, amorphous but not definite. Di-xylylmethylenediamine, CH,(NHC,H,Me,),, pale yellow, large foliate crystals, m. p. 127-1 28O. Dixylylmethylenediamine platinichlwide, (C1~H2,N2)H,PtCI,, golden-yello w powder. Dicccrbanili~locarbanil~dodi-xylylmethylenediamine, CH,[N(C,H,Me,)*CO*NPh*CO*NHPh],,yel-lowish-white substance resembling wax, yielding colourless needles when recrystallised, m. p. 203'. CHHexamethylaoridine, (C,HMe,)<&->(C,HMe,), fine yellow needles, m. p. 221-222', sublimes readily, solutions fluorescent. HexamethyF acridine picrate, (C,,H,1N)C6H,(N02),0H, fine, brown, plume-like crys- 13 tals, m.p. 200-20Z0. Dinitrohexamethytacridine, C,,H,,(NO,),N, yellow powder, m. p. 85-87’. ~1*i6romohexamethylacridineti C Br(C,BrMe,)<&>(C,BrMe,), red. Hexamethylacridine nitrate, (C1,H,,N)HNO,, bright scarlet needles, m. p. 163-164’ with decom- position. Hexamethylacridine platinichloride, (C,, H,,N) ,H,PtCI,, scarlet needles. Hexamethylacridine aurichloride, (C,,H,,N)HAuC1,, yellow powder. Hexarnethylacridine mercurichloride, (C19H,,N)HgCl,, dark red, glistening needles with remarkable yellow lustre. Hexa-rnethylacvidine dichromate, (C19H,,N)H,Cr,07, deep red crystals. The sulphate, hydi*ochZoride, and nitrite were also described? as was ethyl hexamethylacridinium iodide. CH a-Naphthacridine, (C,,H,)<&->(Cl,H6), pale yellow crystals, m.p. 17’3, sublimes, solutions fluorescent. Mononitro-a-napl& acridine, C,,H,,( NO,)N, m. p. 105-1 07”. a-Naphthacridine platinichzoride, (C,,Hl,N),H,PtCl,,2H,O. a-Naphthacridine picrate, (C,1.H13N)C6H2(N0,),0H, scarlet needles, m. p. 176-1 78’. P-Naphth-CHacridine, (ClOH,)<~->(C,,H,), yellow needles, m. p. 315.5’, sublimes, solutions fluorescent, identical with P-nsphthacridine of Reed. P-Naphthaci*idine platinichloride, (C,,H,N),H,P tel,( H,O),, yellow powder. 9. ‘‘ The polymerisation of cyanic acid : cyanuric acid and cyamelide.” By A. Senier and T. Walsh. In the polymerisation of liquid cyanic acid, cyamelide is not the only product. The two isomerides, cyamelide and cyanuric acid, are formed.These may be separated by treatment with water. Pure cyamelide so obtained is soluble in water to the extent of 0.01 per cent. at 15’. The solubility of cyanuric acid at 15’ is from 0.145 to 0.16 per cent. Phosphorus pentachloride has no action on cyamelide. At the next meeting, on Thursday, February 6th, at 8 p.m., the following papers will be read :-‘‘An investigation into the composition of brittle platinnm.” By W. N. Hartley, F.R.S. ‘‘Conversion of 1-hydroxycamph en e into P-halogen derivatives of camphor.” By M. 0. Forster. 44 Tetrazoline. Part 11.” By S, Ruhemann and H. E. Stapleton. 14 CER,TIPICATES OF CANDIDATES FOR ELECTION AT THE NEXT BALLOT. N.B.-The names of those who sign from ‘‘ General Knowledge ” are printed in italics. The following Candidates have been proposed for election.A ballot will be held on Wednesday, February 19, 1902. Benham, Keith Benham, Dean’s Hill, Stafford. Student. Research Student in University College Laboratory. Am desirous of obtaining the publications of the Society. William Ramsay. F. G. Donnan. Edward C. Cyril Balp. Robert W. Gray. Edgar Neumann. Morris W. Travers. Black, Walter Geoffrey, 9, Routh Road, Wandsworth Common, London, S.W. Student of Chemistry. Studied Chemistry three years at the Central Technical College, obtaining the Diploma of the City and Guilds of London Institute. Henry E. Armstrong. William A. Davis. Gerald T. Moody. James Moir. George Harker. Burrows, Harry, The Green, Southgate, N.Chemical Student. h.R.C.Sc. Lond., F.I.C., Ph.D. Heidelberg. William A. Tilden. Chapman Jones. W. Palmer Wynne. G. T. Morgan. M. 0. Forster. Catchpole, Frederick Edward, 11,Jerningbam Road, New Cross, S.E. Student of Chemistry. Engaged in Research Work at the Central Technical College. B.Sc. London University. Henry E. Armstrong. Edwin C. Jee. T. Martin Lowry. James Moir. William A. Davis. 15 Challen, Matthew Bradbury, Daylesford, Victoria, Australia. Director, Daylesford School of Mines, For about four years Assis-tant at Bairnsdale School of Mines. For several years (a) Assayer (b) Chemist in charge of Cyanide Works at Stawell. For past three years, and at present, Director of Daylesford School of Mines.Lecturer in Chemistry, Assaying, Metallurgy, &c. J. Dennant. H. W. Potts. A. M. Cameron. H. T. Waller. C. R.Black&. Chance, Kenneth Macomb, Lawnside, Edgbaston. Gentleman. Passed Cambridge B.A. degree in Chemistry. Director of the British Cyanides Co., Ltd., Oldbury. Alexander M. Chance. Sidney Williamson. Horace W. Crowther. Charles T. Heycock. H. Wood Smith. James Bewar. Clifford, William , 1, Avondale Rd., Wolverhampton. Chemist and Manager, Sewage Outfall Works, Wolverhampton. Associate of the Royal College of Science, Dublin, in the Faculty of Manufactures. W. N. Hartley. W. H. Perkin, jun. J. Holms Pollok. Gilbert J. Fowler. Hugh Ramage. J.F. Thorpe. W. T. Aaun*ence. Daniels, James Ward, Westwood, Medomsley, R.S,O., Go.Durham. Headmaster Westwood Board School, Medomsley. I am a Science Teacher in day and evening schools under S.A. Dept. South Eensing- ton and C.C. Durham. Held Saturday Scholarships for five years at Durham Coll. of Science, Newcastle, and Rutherford Coll. under Dr. Bedson and Messrs. Shaw, Garrett of Coll. of Science, and Mr. Smith of Rutherford Coll. I gained many Adv. certificates under S.K. and Durham Coll., and took 1st. C1. in Hon. Pract. Chemistry S.K. I am a student of Lond. Univ., and believe the publications of this Society will be helpful. P. Phillips Bedson. Wm. Lewins. F. C. Garrett. Arthw Crabtree. Prank R.Budderidye. 16 Davis,Frederick, “Stanley,” Whalley, nr. Blackburn, Lancs.Chemist to the Bingswood Printing Co., Whalley Bridge, nr. Stock-port. B.Sc. Vict. (Honrs. Chem.), 1897. Scholar of Vict. University (1897-1898). Associate of Omens College. Tutor in Chemistry, Hulme Hall, Manchester (1897-1898). Chemist to Bndische Anilin- & Soda-Fabrik, Ludwigshafen o/Rhine (1898-1901). Student at Owens College (1894-1898). H. B. Dixon. Wm. A. Bone. W. H. Perkin, jun. D. L. Chapman. w.H. PerIEin. Dennis, William, Ocean Road Pharmacy, South Shields. Manufacturing and Photographic Chemist. I hold advanced cer- tificates in Mathematics, Theoretical and Practical Chemistry, and being engaged in the manufacture of drugs, &c., am wishful to obtain the Society’s publications with a view to keeping in touch with current affairs in Chemistry and Allied Sciences.Robert McClumpha. Frank R. Dudderidge. James Whittle. Fredk. Gilderdale. Duncan T. Richards. W. F. Butcher. Arthur Payne. Dixon, John Kemp Smith, Gothic House, Birstall, nr. Leeds. Analytical Chemist. Assistant Analyst in the Laboratory of the Yorksbire Wool Combers’ Association, Ltd., since July, 1900, under Walter Leach, Esq. Four Sessions (1896-1900) as student (chiefly of Chemistry) at the Yorkshire College, Leeds. Walter Leach. Julius B. Cohen. Arthur Smithells. H. M. Dawson. H. D. Dakin. Dorbe, Charles, 87, Gore Road, Eondon, N.E. Lecturer in Chemistry, Seafield Park College, Hampshire. Open Natural Science Scholar, Christ Church, Oxford, 1892. B.A., 2nd Class Hons. Chemistry, 1896 ; M.A.1901. Inter. B.Sc. London Uni-versity, 1901-1st Class Hons. Chemistry. Science Master Blackburn Grammar School, 18!%-4901. A. Vernon Harcourt. -J.E. Marsh. D. H. Nagel. P. Elford. H. P. Stevens. 17 Elsden, Alfred Vincent, Storring ton, Pul borough, Suss ex. Student of Chemistry at University College, London. William Ramsay. Morris W. Travers. Edward C. Cyril Baly. Edgar Neumann. F. G. Donnan. Robert W. Gray. Eynon,Lewis, 57, Darenth Road, Stamford Hill, N. Analytical Chemist and Teacher of Chemistry. Chief Chemist to the London Beetroot Sugar Association. Assistant-Demonstrator of Chemistry at the Birkbeck Institute. Go-author of a paper on '' Anhydro-Bases " (Chew. Soc. Jourm., Oct., 1900).Associate of the Institute of Chemistry. Raphael Meldola. Arthur R. Ling, John E. Mackenzie. F. Southerden. Thomas H. Pope. John R. Brooke. B. 3.R.Newlunds. Fwnacht, Eugene Arthur, Clayton Mount, Newton Heath, Manchester. Technical Chemist. Studied Chemistry at the Owens College, and afterwards under Dr. C. A. Burghardt of Manchester. For the last fifteen years Chemist and Manager to Messrs. C. R. Lindsey and Co., Manufacturing Chemists, Clayton, Manchester. Joseph Gaskell. Charles Dreyfus. Arthur H. Tuer. Hany Xilvester. H. S. Shorthouse. Ferrier, John Oliver, Colombo, Ceylon. Analyst to Colombo Commercial Co., Ltd., Colombo. Attended Chemistry Classes at Heriot-Watt College, and Agricultural Chemistry at Edinburgh University.Over five years Assistant Chemist to Messrs. J. and J. Cunningham, Ltd., Leith, and one and a half years Chemist to the Christmas Island Phosphate Co., Ltd., on Christmas Island. Samuel Walker. J. Gibson. John 5. Ford. J.Palconer King. Witliurn H. h'oodeau. Green, Clarence J., B.Sc., 24 Dalberg Road, Brixton Church, S.W. Assistant Chemist in the Government Laboratories, W.C. For 18 three years Student in Owens College. B.Sc. with 1st Class Honours in Chemistry, Victoria, 1898. One year Research Btudent at Owens College, one year as Priestley Research Scholar at Mason College, Birmingham. Demonstrator in Chemistry at the Owens College six months. T. E. Thorpe. W. T. Lawrence. H. B. Dixon. J. F.Thorpe. W. H. Perkin, jun.Wm. A. Bone. Haas, Paul, 11, Westbourns Park Road, London, W. Demonstrator of Chemistry at St. Thomas’s Hospital. Clothworker Scholar, 1897. B.Sc. London. First Class Hons. Chem., 1899. Ph.D. Freiburg i/B, 1901. William Ramsay. Edward C. Cyril Baly. Arthur W. Crossley. Robert W. Gray. F. G. Donnan. Heaton, NoGl, 20, Girdlers Road, W. Kensington. Technical Chemistry and manufacture of colours. B.Sc. London, Honours in Chemistry. Formerly Student and Exhibitioner of University College, London. William Ramsay. J. Nevi11 Huntly. Morris W. Travers. Alex. M. Kellas. Edward C. Cyril Baly. F. R. Stephens. Hennesey, Eugene Edwin, B.A., B.Sc., Bigods, Dunmow, Essex. Principal of the Countess of Warwick’s Seconda.ry and Agricultural School, Bigods.Late Assistant in the Chemical Laboratory of the Royal College of Science, London. Teacher of Chemistry in Lady Warwick’s School. Has worked at : (1) the bromication of benzil; (2) the estimation of small quantities of alcohol in water; (3) the condensation of acetylene by means of sulphuric acid. No published work. Raphael Meldola. W. Palmer Wynne. William A. Tilden. G. T. Morgan, Chapman Jones. Holdcroft, George Frederick, 253, Oxford Street, Manchester. Analytical Chemist. Articled pupil for past three years at the Manchester Laboratory under W. Lawrence-Gadd, F.I.C. Have 19 attended practical Course on Organic Preparations, and a Course of Lectures on Physical Chemistry at Owens College, Manchester.George J. Allen. Rowland Williams. Harry Bowes. M. W. Jones. Wm. A. Bone. Hurtley, William Holdsworth, St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, London, E.C. Demonstrator in Chemistry at St. Bartholomew’s Hospital and College. Doctor of Science (in Chemistry) of London University. Engaged in teaching Chemistry and Physics at St. Bartholomew’s Hospital. Six years as a Student at the Yorkshire College under Professors Thorpe and Smithells. Have published the following papers : (1) ‘‘The Chlorodibromo- and the Dichlorobromo-benzenes ” (Trans., Dec., 1901); and with Drs. Chattaway and Orton (2) “Notizen iiber einige Anilide ” (Ber., 22, 1900) ; (3) ‘(Nitrogen Chlorides derivable from m-Chloracetanilide ” (Trans., 1900, 800). T. E. Thorpe. Herbert Tngle.Arthur Smithells. F. D. Chattaway. I(.J. P. Orton. Jackson, William Brannan, Glengowan, Caldercruix, N.B. Technical Chemist. Teacher in Chemical Technology. Analytical Chemist in Bleach, Print, and Dye Works for seven years. Teacher in Wool Dyeing, Cotton Dyeing, Calico Printing, &c., at the Glasgom Dyeing and Weaving College. Registered Teacher under the City Guilds London Institute in Dyeing, Calico and Linen Bleaching and Printing. Peter B. Scotland. Geoisge H. Hzcrst. C. F. Seymour Rothwell. Jas. Grant. Jul. Hiibner. A. G. Radclife. Jardin, David S. Smith, Rathgar House, Rathgar. Associate of tbe Royal College of Science, Dublin. Associate of the Institute of Chemistry. Licentiate ol the Pharmaceutical Society of Ireland, Temporarily assisting in the Laboratory of the Royal Col- lege of Science, Dublin.W. N. Hartley. J. Holms Pollok. W. E. Adeney. Hugh Ramage. Chas. R. C. Tichborne. 20 Lavelle, Selwyn Philip James, Royston Villa, Ashby Road, Burton-on-Trent. Brewer’s Analyst. Studied Chemistry under Dr. Percy Frankland for two years at the Mason College, Birmingham, and passed the term examination, and have since studied the Chemistry of Brewing for six months under Matthews and Lott, Burton-on-Trent, and after that I have been occupied for the past two years as Assistant Chemist at Messrs. Worthington and Co., Ltd., Burton-on-Tren t. Chas. Geo. Matthews. C. 0’8ullivan. W. Taverner. Percy F. Frankland. Adrian J. Brown. Lucas, Harry, 1, St.Agnes’ Place, Kennington Park, S.E. Demonstrator in Chemistry at the Metropolitan College of Pharmacy First Prizeman Advanced Practical Chemistry, Cardiff Science and Art Schools, Session 1887-1888. Passed Major Exam. Pharma- ceutical Society, Xmas, 1895. For past 5& years Lecturer in Pharm- acy and Demonstrator in Organic and Analytical Chemistry. W. Watson Will. H. A. D. Jowett. Peter MacEwan. P. Filmer De Morgan. F. B. Power. Thomas Tyrer. Ludlam, Ernest Bowman, University College, Bristol. Demonstrator of Chemistry. Honours B.Sc. (Vict.) in Chemistry, and Leblanc Medal, 1900. Subscriber to Journal and Proceedings, and desirous of keeping in touch with advances in Chemistry. J. Campbell Brown. Charles A. Kohn. Sydney Young.J. Norman Collie. V.Collingwood Williams. Mackenzie, John Ross, 31, Bailey Street, Ton-Pentre, Glam. Head Brewer, Maltster, and Chemist. Thirteen years’ experience as such in Scotland, England, and Wa.les. Three years’ Student of Chemistry under A. Price, B.Sc. (Lond.). Silver Medallist in Brewing, Boston, England. Member of Institute of Brewing, London. Honours Certificates in Brewing, City and Guilds of London Institute. At present Head Brewer to Messrs. D. John RT Co., Limited, Pentre, Glam. Basil P. Wigan. Edward Hnworth. W. T. Leeming. Edward J. RusseZl. J. Jackson. Laurence Briant. Thomas Mackenzie. Walter Bowe. 21 Maitland, William, B.Sc., 236, Brookhill, Shefield. Junior Demonstrator of Chemistry, University College, Sheffield.Lately Junior Assistant, Chemical Department, University of Aber-deen. At present Junior Demonstrator, University College, Sheffield. Have been engaged, with Professor Japp, in a research on a new synthesis of carbazoles, a preliminary note of which has appeared in the Proceeding8 of the Chemical Society (June 20th, 1901). W. Carleton Williams. George Young. F. R. Japp. Wm. B, Davidson. T. S. Murray.Martin, Francis, 64, Samuel St., Woolwich. First Assistant Analytical Chemist, Messrs Siemens Bros. & CO., Ltd. (Woolwich). Training in Practical and Theoretical Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, also Metallurgy, at the Woolwich Polytechnic. Honours pass and prizes in the former, and certificates in the latter, conducted by Mr.J. B. Farlie, F.C.S., &c. Ten years’ experience in a Chemical Laboratory, and position as first assistant for the last two years. Assisting the late Dr. E. Obach, F.I.C., F.C.S., in the preparation of his Cantor Lectures on Gutta Percha (see footnote of reprint, p. 82), W. F. Eicheuauer. Lionel M. Jones. J. B. Farlie. Cl~as.R.Dadirbg. Chccrles T.w.Hirsch. Molesworth, Francis Hylton, Turramurra, Sydney, New South Wales. Analytical Chemist, Lecturer in Chemistry, Govt. Tecbnical College, Sydney. Formerly Student, Owens College, Manchester. Lecturer in Chemistry, Geology, &c., to South Australian Govt., now Lecturer in Chemistry at Government Technical College, Sydney. L. R. Scammell. G, A. Goyder. Andrew Thomas. Alexandw Om*.J. C. Fmser. Mundey, Alfred Holley, 17, St. Margaret’s Road, Plumstead. Chemist. Senior Assistant Chemist and Metallurgist, Royal Car- riage Department, Royal Arsenal. Assistant Lecturer in Chemistry and Metallurgy, Woolwich Polytechnic, Pupil of Mr. J. B. Farlie, F.C.S., &c., appointed Assistant in 1888, and still working under his direction at Royal Arsenal and Polytechnic, J. B. Farlie. W. H. Deering. Lionel M. Jones. T.H. Bodd. Chas. R. Darling. 0liver Trigger. 22 Ogilvie, Allan, 19, Market Street, Millom, Cumberland. Analytical Chemist, I was seven years in the laboratory of Messrs. R. R. Tatlock and Thomson, City Analysts, Glssgow; 6 years as student and assistant, and 1 year in charge of Students’ Department.I left there to become Senior Chemist at Millom Iron Works, where I have been employed for the last 21, years. R. R. Tatlock. A. Humboldt Sexton. It.T. Thomson. Horat io Ballan tyne. Jas. D. Dougall. Panisset, Sydney Glyde Stephen, 7, Jersey Road, Strood, Rochester. Analytical Chemist, Associate of the City and Guilds of London Institute. Late Assistant to Mr. C. E. Groves (Consulting Chemist to the Thames Conservancy). Chief Chemist at Wickham Cement Works, Rochester. Charles E. Groves. Henry E. Armstrong. Herbert F. Stephenson. Gerald T. Moody. D. B. Butler. R. Meldola. Ross,William Charles, 27, Pitt Street, Edinburgh. M.B., Ch.B., D.P.H. One session Edinburgh University, Theoretical and Practical Chemistry.One year devoted to analysis of foods, drugs, and water at Messrs. Tatlock and Readman’s Laboratory, Edinburgh. Alex. Crum Brown. G. H. Gemmell. Hugh Marshall. Leonard Dobbin. IV. Ivison Mucadam. de la Rue, Evelyn Andros, 52, Cadogan Square, London. A Director of Thos. de la Rue and Co. Late Student of Chemistry at Trinity College, Oxford. B.A. in Chemistry, Second Class in Honour School (June, 1901). Hugo Muller. A. Vernon Harcourt. Harold Hartley. D. H. Nagel. Allan F. Walden. Sidgwick, Nevil Vincent, Lincoln College, Oxford. Fellow and Lecturer in Chemistry. M.A. First Glass in Final 23 Chemical School, 1895. D.Sc. Tubingen, 1901. Dissertation I( Ueber Acetondipropionsaure und ihre Derivate.” D.H. Nagel. A. Vernon Harcourt. Harold Hartley. W. H. Mills. G. W. F. Holroyd. Allan F. Walden. Sinnatt, Frank Sturdy, Glenside, Church Lane, Moston, Manchester. Assistant Lecturer and Demonstrator in Chemistry at the Muni- cipal School of Technology, Manchester. Completed the three years Chemistry Courses in the above School, and have passed several subjects in the Honours Stage (Board of Education and City Guilds). My reason for wishing to join the Society is to obtain its publi- cations to assist in research work. William J. Pope. L. G. Radcliffe. Jas. Grant. William Dixon. Daniel McLaren. Smith, Robert Eley Blake, 93 Upper Richmond Road, Putney, S.W. At present Research Student at University College, London. B.Sc. (Lond.), A.I.C.I desire to attend the meetings of the Society and to obtain its publications. William Ramsay. F. G. Donnan. Edward C. Cyril Baly. Edgar Neumann. Morris W. Travers. Robert W. Gray. Southworth, William, County Council Farm, Hutton, Preston, Lancs. Assistant Lecturer in Agriculture and Superintendent of experi- ments to the Lancs. County Council. Three years’ training (day classes) in General and Agricultural Chemistry and in General Science, Harris Institute, Preston. Hons. Certif. Science and Art Dept. in Agricultural Chemistry and Analysis. Four years Assistant Lecturer on Agriculture ;and Superintendent of Field and Manurial experiments to the above Council. George McGoman. C. Gerlmd. Frank T. Addyman. John B. Coppock. J. A.Gardner. Stead, Francis Bernard, Clifton College, Bristol. Assistant Master Clifton College, Formerly Science Scholar at 24 King's College, Cambridge, and Science Master at Aldenham School. First Class in Nat. Sci. Tripos, Parts I and 11, 1894-1895. W. H. Shenstone. H. J. H. Fenton. C. T. Heycock. W. J. Sell. J. E. Purvis. Swain, James, 17, Winsham Street, West Side, Clapham Common, S,W. Teacher of Chemistry. N7ish to avail myself of the Library and Publications of the Society. Reading for Final B.Sc. (Lond.). W. B. Hsrds. Frank E. Weston. B. C. Polkinghorne. Robert Steele. Thos. W.Berry. Turner,Lyon Viccars, Crescent Lodge, St. John's, S.E. Student of Chemistry. Studied Chemistry for 2 years at the Central Technical College, and have since been engaged in Research Work.Henry E. Armstrong. Gerald T. Moody. William A. Davis. James Moir. Arthur Lap worth. Webb, Arthur James, 21, Hammelton Road, Bromley, Kent. B.A., Oxford. Exhibitioner in Chemistry at Mngdalen College, Oxford. Interest in the Study of Chemistry. Final Honours in Chemistry, Oxford. Henry A. Miers. V. H. Veley. Duncan R. Wilson. J. E. Marsh. W. W. Fisher. H. Brereton Baker. Womersley, Charles Edward, Kilpin Hill, near Demsbury (Yorks). Teacher of Chemistry under Board of Education. Chemistry, Honours, South Kensington. For three years Assistant Chemistry Master, Organised Science School, Heckmondwike. At present Chemistry Master, Technical School, Cleckheaton. R, S. Cahill. Arthur Peacock, James Poulds. T. W. Lockwood. Arthur Crabtrce. RICHARD CLAY AND SONS, LINIITED, LONDON AND BUNGAY.
ISSN:0369-8718
DOI:10.1039/PL9021800001
出版商:RSC
年代:1902
数据来源: RSC