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Proceedings of the Chemical Society, Vol. 8, No. 108 |
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Proceedings of the Chemical Society, London,
Volume 8,
Issue 108,
1892,
Page 37-50
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摘要:
Issiied 14/3/1892. PROCEEDINGS OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY. No.. 108. Session 1891-92. March 3rd, 1892. Professor A. Crum Brown, F.R.S., President, in the Chair. Messrs. G. P. Darnell Smith, Ernest J. Parry, Robert Ludwig Mond, W. P. Hatton and W. J. A. Butterfield were formally admittted Fellows of the Society. Certificates were read for the first time in favour of Messrs. George Price Dodds, 3, Eversley Place, Heaton, Newcastle-on-Tyne ; Henry Ellison, IThitechapel Road, Cleckheaton ; Albert Angustus Lintern, High School, Middlesbrough ; Herbert Edward Lindley, 13, St. Bartholomew Road, Camden Road, N. ; John Northing, 96, Trztonville Road, Sandymount, Co. Dublin ; Frederick J. Oldershaw, 34,Branihall Lane, Stockport ; Albert Ernest Richardson, 4, Black Hall Road, Oxford ; James Stenhouse, Tanfield, Inverleith Row, Edinburgh.Address to Professor Bunsen. It was announced that it was proposed to present the following address to Professor Bunsen, who has now been fifty years a Foreign Member of the Societ'y, and that among those who sign it all those who have been his pupils should, as far as possible, be included :-To Prky Cozcncillor Prcfessor Bunsen, Fellow of the Royal Society. YOUREXCELLENCY, Fifty years hare elapsed since the Chemical Society of London honoured itself by electing you one of its Foreign Members. Your name, and that of your illuvtrious fellow-countryman Liebig, are, in fact, first on a list which includes the most distinguished cultivakors of chemical science in every civilised couutry of the world.Our Society remembers with gratitude that you enriched the fipst volume of its Transactions by communicating to it the results of your ever-memorable investigation of Cacodyl and its compounds. That you should have sent to us, in the first and most critical year of our existence, a memoir which the chemical world will ever regard as one of the classics of our science, is a significant proof of the beneficent interest with which you regmded our effortsto foster the growth of chemical learning in this country. Your masterly investigations, in collaboration with oiir Fellow Sir Lyon Playfair, on the gases evolved from i;-on furnaces, niade by methods which you were the first to bring to perfection, greatly extended our knowledge of the theory of the smelticg of iron.By the permanent benefit thns conferred on one of the most important of our industries, you have largely augmeoted our national wealth. The half century during which you have been associated with our Society has been fruitful in great discoveries and important inveu- tions. It has witnessed the birth of new elements, the creation of new nrialy tical methods, mid an extraordinary development in the instru- nieiital resources of our laboratories. Chemists will never forget that it is to your unwearied assiduity and kinple-minded devotion that science owes some of the most momentocs of these dis-coveries, and some of the most valuable of these inventions. Your inrestigations will ever be regarded as models of the highest type of scientitic research, and the memoirs in which you have embodied them shed an imperishable Iiistre on our literature.Your methods of analysis are among the most common of our manipulative operations, and the very furniture and instruments of our laboratories are an ever-present testimony to the obligations under which experimental chemistry will always remain to you. Many of our members are proud to be numbered among your pupils, and those among them who have become teachers have, we trust, caught and transmitted something, not only of the method, but also of the spirit, in which they themselves were taught. They have an abiding memory of your kindliness, of your constant and unselfish devotion to their interests, and of the generous sympathy and readF help which you extended to their efforts to enlarge the boundaries of our science.We, the undersigned Fellows of the Chemical Society of London, now beg to offer you our heartfelt felicitations on the occasion of your Jubilee as a member of our body. It is our fervent hope that you may be able, for many years to come, to enjoy in health and happiness the leisure and repose which you have so justly and so honourably earned. Fellows of the Society who have been pupils of Professor Bunsen are requested to communicate with the Senior Secretary before March 19, in order that they may receive a form for signature. Of the following papers, those marked * were read :-X112."9rule for determining whether a given benzene mono-derivative shall give a metn-di-derivative or a mixture of ortho-and para-di-derivatives." By Professor Cruni Brown snd Dr. Gibson. The rule suggested will be understood after reference to the follow- ing table:-A. B. C. D. E. .c1 HCl* HOCl 0-1'. .Br HBr* HOBr 0-jl. .CH, HCH," HOCHB 0-p. .NH, HNH2* HONH, 0-p. *OH HOH* HO*OH 0-p. *NO, HNO, HO-NO," l??. .CCl, HCCI3* HO.CCI, 0-j). 420.t€ HC0.H HO*CO*H" m. *CO.OH H.CO.OH H0*C0-OH" lil . .SO,.OH HSO2.OH HO*SOB*OH" 111. *CO*CH, HCO CH, H-CO.CH," 112. *C!H2-CO.OH H.CH,-CO-OH" HO*CH,*C'O.OH 0-2. It will be seen that whenever the hydride of the radicle (column C) contained in the mono-derivative (column A) is asterisked, column J3 shows that a mixture of ortho- and para-di-derivatives is formed, arid that whenever the hydroxide of the radicle (column D) contained ill the mono-derivative (column A) is asterisked, column E shows that the meta-derivative is obtained.The substances marked with an asterisk in column C are such liydrides as are not convertible by direct oxidation into the correspond- ing hydroxides in the next column, whereas those asterisked in column D are compounds which can be formed by direct oxidation from the corresponding hydrides ;the rule is based on this distinction. DTSCUSSION. Mr. GROVEShaving referred to the statement which was on record that hydrogen chloride was oxidisable to hypochlorite by perman- ganate, Professor THORPEsaid that this was an error, and arose from the -8 iise of impure permanganate, made by the old-fashionecl method with the aid of chlorate.lh.ARMSTRONGremarked that the rule suggested might be regarded as n modification of the usual st'atement tlmt derivatives containing acid radicles gave meta-derivatives, since not only X02,SO,H, C02H, but also COH and COR, might be ranked as acid radicles. In neither form, however, did the rnle apply to such a, case as that afforded by dirnetbylaniline, which yields much meta-derivative. *113. " The relative orienting effect of chlorine and bromine. (I.) The constitution of parabrom- and parachlor-anilinesulphonicacids." By Henry E. Armstrong and J. P. Briggs. The case studied is that afforded by parachlorobromob2nzene : it is found that when sulphonated this yields an uniform product charac- terised by a sulphochloride melting at 66",which crystallises in massive, prismatic plates very similar to paradibromobenzene sulpho- chloride, t.he corresponding amide melting at about 178" (uncorr.).To determine the constitution OE this product, the amido-acids prepared by sulpbonating parabromaniline and parachlorariiline were converted into chlorobromobenzenesulphonic acids ; they gave isomeric acids, its should be the case if they were of corresponding constitution, the acid prepared from parachloranilinesulphonic acid being identical with the product from chlorobromobenzene. According to Clnus and Mann (Annulen,265, 92), parachloraniliiie yields two isomeric acids on sulphonation, one being formed in but small quantity.The authors have been able to obtain only one acid : they have, indeed, observed that no fewer than three distinct forms of crystals separate from the aqueous solution of the product-long, st,riated rods springing from a common centre ; recta,nplas, appa- rently rhombic prisms ; and rhombs, probably monoclinic, which rapidly become opaque on exposure to air: but these appear to be all one substance, the difference in form being conditioned by dif- ference in the amount of water of crystallisation. Claus has assigned c1 f' S03H the formula I I to the acid. This is confirmed by the authors, who find that, on displacing the NH, by hydropn by the hydrazine method, t.he acid yields chlorobenzeneorthosulphonicacid. Hence it follows that,the acid formed by sulphonating parachloro- c1 bromobenzene is .It would seem, therefore, that the n \/Br 41 chlorine rather than the bromine " attracts " the sulphonic group ; but it will be necessary to ascertain whether the isomeric acid is no& perhaps a less stable form, in which case it may be that the final product is not merely the product of direct sulphonation. The chlorob~~omo-acid prepared from parabromanilinesulphonicacid yields a sulphochloride crystallising in ill-defined plates melting at 46", the corresponding amide melting at about 191"(uncorr.); the fact that it is different fromthe chlorobromo-acid prepared f rom parachloraniline- sulphonic acid is in itself conclusive evidence that the acid obtained Br /\ from parabromaniline is not , as Borns asserts, but that it!,) S03H i9H, corresponds in constitution to the acid prepared from parachloraniliue, as might indeed be expected to be the case.Borns (AnnaZen, 187, 372) bases his conclusion as to the constitution of the acid on its conversion by displacement of the NH, group by hydrogen int3 bromobenzenemetasulphonic acid, but no proof that he was dealing with this and not the ortho-acid is given beyond that contained in the bare statement that his product was recognised as the meta-acid from the composition and properties of the potassium and barium salts, the chloride (oily) and amide (m.p. 154"). The bromosnlpho-acid obtained by the authors, however, yields an amide melting at abont 183",and is, undoubtedly, the ortho-acid. Parabromanilinesulphonic acid crystallises in three distinct forms closely resembling those in which the parachloro-acid crystallises. DISCUSSION. The PRESIDENTremarked that it was usually supposed that NH,, like OH, had a powerful directing influence, and therefore it appeared remarkable that para-brom- and chlor-aniline should yield sulphonic acids in the formation of which this influence of the NH, group ap- parently did not come into play. Dr. ARMSTRONG,in reply, said he thought it probable that in conse- quence of the formation of sulphat;, the NH,-group was rendered ineffective, and as the para-position is blocked by it, necessa,rily an ortho-chloro-or bromo-sulphonic acid was formed."114. "Note on anhydrides of sulphonic acids." By Henry E. Armstrong. Hitherlo but little attention has been paid to this class of com-pounds: not long after Hiibner, in 1884 (AnnuZen, 223,238), had described a series of somewhat unsuccessful attempts to prepare phenylsulphonic anhydride, Abrahall succeeded in obtaining this compound by interaction of phenylsulphonic chloride and silver phenylsulphonate (cf. (7.8.Trans., 1886, 692) ; he describes it as crystallising from chloroform in fine prisms melting at 54",and as being extremely deliquescent. Meanwhile it had been observed in Victor Meyer's laboratory that a number of bromo-and chloro-derivatives of thiophen, as well as paradibromobenzene and 1: 2 : 4-tribromobenzene, gave sulphonic anhydrides directly on treatment with pyrosulphuric acid, all the anhydrides thus obtained being re- markable on account of their very slight solubility, even in boiling water, and the difficulty with which they were hydrolysed ($.Berichte, 1886, 652). In the course of the experiments with parachloro bromobenzene, referred to in the previous abstract, it was noticed that whereas this was wholly converted into sulphonic acid by so-called 100 per cent. acid, a fuming acid containing about 20 per cent. of anhydride gave as chief product a microcrystalline anhydride similar to that prepared by Rosenberg from paradibromobenzene.011 contrasting the beha- viour of paradichloro-, chlorobromo- and dibromo-benzenes with such fuming acid, it was found that the dichloro- gave relatively the smallest, and the dihromo-derivative the largest, yield of anhydride, monochlorobenzene yielding only sulphonic acid and sulphore. It therefore seemed probable that the anhydride was a secondary pro-duct formed by dehydration of the sulphonic acid under the influence o€ the sulphuric anhydride : and that this is the case is shown by the fact that, if, for example, potassium dibromobenzenesulphonate be mixed with fuming sulphuric acid, it is converted into the correspond- ing anhydride. To judge from 8 statement made by Blissmann (Annalen, 191, 213), it would seem that, in some cases, such an- hydrides may be precipitable even from aqueous solutions of sulphon- ates.Obviously there are the same differences between sulphonic acids as between carboxylic acids with regard to the readiness with which they undergo dehydration. X115. ''Contributions to the knowledge of the aconite alkaloids. Part 11. The alkaloids of true Aconitum napellus." By Professor Dunstan and Mr. John C. Umney. The authors have examined the alkaloids of true Aconitunt napellus plants grown by Mr. E. M. Holmes at the instance of the British Pharmaceutical Conference. The alkaloids were extracted from the roots by the following process, which precludes the possibility of the occurrence of hjdrolysis, &c. :--The solution obtained by percolating with cold rectified fuael oil (b.p. 100-132") was agitated with water 43 acidified with I per cent. of sulphuric acid, and the resin having been removed by extracting the acid solntion so obtained with chloroform, the liquid was made just alkaline with dilute ammonia and extracted with ether, which dissolved out a considerable quantitJy of alkaloid, but left in solution a further and smaller quantity, which was subsequently extracted by agitation with chloroform. The alkaloid soluble in ether was obtained as a gum-like mass incapable of crystallisation. By conversion into bromhydride it was separated into a crystallisable and an uncrystallisable salt. The crystalline product was identified as the salt of aconitine, the crystalline and highly toxic alkaloid already described by one of the authors and Dr.W. H. Ince ((7.8. Tmns., 1891). The alkaloid separated from the pure bromhydride melted at 188.5" (corr.), and afforded on combustion numbers agreeing with the formula C,H,NO,,. The specific rotation of the bromhydride in aqueous solution was ascertained to he [a!, -29.65, a value which agrees with that pre- viously recorded. As some doubt exists as to the solubility of aconitine in water, a determination was carefully made with this pure specimen. The mean of two determinations gave 1gram in 4431 grams of water as the solubility at 22"; Jiirgens had previously recorded the far greater solubility of 1 in 745 at the same temperature. The non-crystalline bromhydride furnished a gummy alkaloid soluble in ether and alcohol, but only sparingly soluble in water, the aqueous solution being alkaline to litmus, and very bitter, but not giving rise to the tingling sensation so characteristic of aconitine.Not only the alkaloid, but also the chlorhydride, sulphate, nitrate and anrichloride prepared from it could not be crystallised. This alkaloid is not identical either with aconine or with the picraconitine of Wright and Luff. A Pull account of it will be given in a later paper, con- siderable progress having already been made in the most difficult task of isolating it in a pure state. The authors propose to assign to it the name nupelline, which was first given to the alkaloid now known as pseudaconitine, and afterwards by Hubschrnann to a substance which the work of Wright. and Luff showed to be a mixture chiefly composed of aconine.The iiapelline obtained in the manner described is probably associated with another amorphous alkaloid about which they have at present little information to give beyond the fact that neither it nor its salts appear to crystallise. The alkaloid soluble in chloroform was proved to be aconine, the compound which is obtained together with benzoic acid on hydrolgs- ing aconitine. The roots of true Aconitum napellus, therefore, must, be held to contain three alkaloids, one of which is crystalline, viz., aconitine, two being amorphous, viz., nnpelliue and aconine. Indications have 44 been obtained of the presencc of a fourth alkaloid, which is amorph-ous and closely reRembles napelline. The authors find that the juice expressed from the roots contains a large proportion of amorphous bases but very little aconitine, the greater part of this latter remaining in the root, from which it may be extracted, together with the remainder of the amorphous alkaloids, by exhausting with amyl alcohol.The total quantity of amorphous alkaloid obtained amounted to more than twice that of aconitine. The physiological action of the alkaloids referred to is being in- vestigated. The results so far obtained point to the conclusion that crystalline aconitine is by far the most toxic of the alkaloids contained in Aconitzcm napellus. XI.16. "Contributions to our knowledge of the aconite alkaloids.Part 111. The formation and properties of aconine and its conversion into aconitine." By Professor W. R. Dunstan and Dr. F. W. Passmore. Owing to the uncertainty which exists with reference to the pro- duct of the hydrolysis of aconitine, the authors have re-investigated the subject, using a pure alkaloid. Wright and Luff have stated that when aconitine is hydrolysed the sole products are aconine and benzoic acid. More recently, however, Dragendorff and Jurgens have asserted that the hydrolysis occurs in two stages, their conten- tion being that benzoic acid and an alkaloid identical with the $.xaconitine isolated by Wright and Luff from the roots of supposed Aeonitrum napeZZus are formed in the first stage, while in the second stage thc picraconitine is hydrolysed into benzoic acid, methyl nlcohol and aconine, which last is the final prodnct of hydrolysis.The authors have carefully hydrolysed pure aconitine by heating it with water in closed tubes at 150°,but have been unable to obtain at any stage either picraconitine or methyl alcohol. The alkaloid extracted from the solution by ether was proved to be a mixture of aconine with unaltered aconitine. Using pure aconitine, action occurs precisely in accordance with the equation C33H45N012 -tH,O = CZ6Hi1NOll leaving little doubt that aconitine is benzoyl- + C7H602, aconine. Although attempts to establish the correctness of this inference by heating aconine with beneoic anhydride were without result, anhydro- aconitine was eventually obtained by the interaction of aconine aud ethylic benzoate at 130" : as the anhydro-compound is convertible into aconitine, the partial synthesis of the alkaloid thus effected leaves no doubt that it is benzoylaconine.Up to the present time, neither aconine nor its salts have been obtained in a crystalline state. The authors have hitherto been unsuccessful in all their attempts to crystallise aconine, but they have succeeded in crystallising several of its salts, viz., the chlor- hydride, bronihydride, sulphate and nitmte. All these salts are very soluble in water, the chlorhydride being least soluble and the easiest to crystallise: it is best prepared by crystallisation from a mixture of alcohol and ether ; when dried at 100" it melts at 175.5"(corr.).The crystals deposited from alcohol have the com- position C26H11NOl,,HC1,2Hz0. When dried at 100" they still retain one molecular proportion of water, which is, however, lost at 120". The aqueous solution is laworotatory : [a]D = -7.71". It combines with auric chloride forming an nurichloride considerably more sohble than the corresponding aconit'ine salt. Aconine was prepared from the pure chlorhydride by adding silver sulphate and subsequent treatment of the aconine sulphate with exactly sufficient baryta water. The solution on evaporation furnished a hygroscopic, brittle gum which refused to crystallise ; this melted at 132"(corr.), and on analysis it afforded numbers agreeing with the formula C26HllNOll, which is that proposed by Dunstan and Ince from the results of their study of pure aconitine.Aconine is very soluble in water ; the aqueous solution is alkaline. When dry it is insoluble in ether and almost insoluble in chloroform. It is a power-ful reducing agent, precipitating the metals from solutions of gold and silver salts; it also reduces Fehling's solution. The physiological action of pure aoonine is being investigated, Its aqueous solution is slightly bitter and gives rise to a burning sensa- tion in the mouth, but does not produce the tingling which is charac- teristic of aconitine. In respect of its action on polarised light aconine exhibits the same peculiarity as aconitine. Its salts are l~ev,orot~atory,whilst a, soh tion of the alkaloid is dextrorotatory, [a],, +23".When heated with alkalis aconine slowly resinifies. The examination of various agents on aconine has so far not led to any important results. Nitrous acid fails to attack it. The principal product of its oxidation by alkaline permenganate is oxalic acid. Attempts to isolate an additive compound with methyl iodide have been unsuccessful. By the action of methyl iodide on aconitine a crystalline aconitine methiodide (C~H~,NOI2*CHJ)was obtained, which melts at 219" (con-.). The aconitine rnethhydroxide prepared from the compound (C33H05N012*CH30H)is amorphous, and the salts which it yields do not appear to crystallise. A further study will be made of this com- pouud, and its physiological action will be investigated.At the conclusion of the paper Professor Dunstan exhibited a.nd 46 described a simple laboratory shaking appliance devised by Mr. Dymond and himself, an account of which is to be found in the Phawnttceutical Journal of March 5th, 1892. DrscvssioN. Nr.HOWARDsaid that the important conclusion now arrived at by the authors as to the nature of the alkaloids of pure Acoiaituin napellus illustrated the value of the botanist and chemist working together; it was to be expected that their cooperation would lead to other valuable results in the future, as the success achieved in in-creasing the yield of cinchona alkaloids would probably lead to pro- gress being made in increasing the medicinal value of other plants.Professor THORPEquestioned the desirability of associating an old name with a new alkaloid. The PRESIDENTexpressed a similar opinion, citing the case of thiosulphate and hyposulphite in illustration of the confusion some- times caused by such action. Professor DUNSTAN,in his reply, said that the investigation had been made possible in the first instance only through the liberality of Mr. Howard, who gave them no less a quantity than an ounce of aconitine extracted by a,known process from A. napeZlus. Napelline was a name which had been very Iittle used, and it was very difficult to devise ft better appellation for tbe new alkaloid. *117. “Note on the carbon deposited from coal-gas flames.” ByWm. Foster, M.A.The author quotes analyses of cokes obtained by carbonising sugar and starch :-Carbon. Hydrogen. Cane-sugar coke-high temperature . . . . 95.0 1.1 9, ,7 97low .... 94.1 1.2 Starch coke. ........................ 95-0 0.9 From the similarity in composition of these cokes to that of the soct obtainable from coal-gas flames, he is of opinion that there is a resemblance in the general character of the chemical processes whereby they are formed. “118. ‘‘The volumetric estimation of mercury.” By Chapman Jones. The author has found the cyanide method of estimating mercury suggested by Hannay ((7.8.Journ., 1873,565) and modified by Tuson 47 and Neison (hid,,18i7, 32,679) to be unsatisfiictory, the presence of cmbon dioxide interfering with the titration.If, however, instead of adding the potassium cyanide solution until the turbidity produced bg ammonia disappears, the titration be finished by adding, with certain precautions, a standard mercury solution until a definite and permanent turbidity is produced, concordant results are readily obtained. The method of working described is, if necessary, to separate the mercury as sulphidc,and dissolve the washed precipitate in cold aqua re:yiu, and to dilute and filter the solution. For the titration, litmus ext.ract is added and neutralisation effected with solid potassium carbonate and hydrogen chloride, and finally with dilute ammonia. Excesq of the cyanide solution is added, then a slight excess of ammonia, and, lastly, a standard solution of mercuric chbride, until a permanent turbidity is obtained, equa,l to that pro-duced by 0.1 C.C.of the mercury solution in water containing about the same amounts of litmus and ammonia as the solution which is being titrated.119. “Chromic acid.” By Eleanor Field, Bathurst Student of Newnham College, Cambridge. According to Moissaii (Ann. Chiin. Phys. [6], 5, 568) it is possible to obt’ain crystals of the compound H&r04 by cooling with ice a solution saturated with CrOB at 90”. In the present notice, results are quoted which show Ohat the crystals obtained 011 following Moissan’s directions are but those of CrO,. The molecular weight of the dissolved substance calculated from the effect of CrO, on the boiling point of water was found to be only 57, which is far below the theoretical value, viz., CrO, = 100.4.Ostwald, from determinations of the lowering of the freezing point of water produced by GrO9, came to the conclusioi1 that the aqueous solution contains H2Cr207dissociated into three ions : by trebling the mean value deduced from the boiling point experiments, the value 171.85is obtained, a number which does not agree either with the inolecular weight of H,CrO, (118.4) or with that of HzcIrzOi(218.8). 120. “The origin of acetylene in flames.” By Professor V. B. Lewes. The author has sought to determine whether acetylene is the product of high temperature change or of oxidation. The experi- ments described consisted in passing hydrocarbon gases and mixtures of such gases with ofhers through a heated platinum tube 2 mm.in diameter, which, judging from experiments made to test the point, would seem to be without special action. On passing methane alone through the tube while a length of 48 6 inches was heated to 1100" in the flat flame of a broad Bunsen, a pi*oduct was obtained containing 3.2 per cent. of unsat iirated hydro- carbons and 1.8 per cent. of acetylene. The effect of heating methane with other gases is indicated by the following figures :-50 per cent. 3 per cent. oxygen. 15 per cent. air. carbon monoxide. 60 per cent. hydrogen. Unsatumted hydro- carbons. ........ 2.0 2.0 1.0 1-47 Acetylene.. ....... 1.426 Carbon monoxide .. 1.1 0.656 1.0 0.887 - 0.473 0.490 These resnlts appear to point to acetylene being formed by the action of heat alone.Ethane heated alone gave a product containirig 19 47 per cent. unsaturated hydrocarbons and 3 224 per cent. of acetylene. The effect of heating ethane, diluted with 30 per cent. of hydrogen, with air was as follows :-1.5p. c. air. 20 p. c. air. 25 p. c. air. Unsaturated hydrocarbons . 7.69 5-58 5.05 Acetylene.. .............. 339 13.20 3.11 Carbon dioxide.. ......... 0.00 1.01 1-51 ,, monoxide. ........ 1.54 2-53 3.03 The effect of temperature on the formation of acetylene is well shown by the following results obtained on converting Russian petroleum into oil gas in a Patterson retort :-Tempemture of retort.. .......500" '700" 800" 900" Yield of gas per gAllon of oil .. 12 c.p. 60 cap. 72 c.p. 84 c.p. lllurninat~ing power .......... 54.8 50.7 57.1 42 Unsaturated hydrocarbons .... 39.13 36-56 36-55 22 04 Acetylene .................. 0.052 0.084 0.38 0-46 ADDITIONS TO THE LIBRARY. Pamphlets prosended by the Authors. On the Causes of the Phenomena of Terrestrial Magnetism, by H. Wilde, P.R.S. 4to. London 1891. Sul calore specific0 del diammte,, per C. E. Carbonelli. Genova 1691. Steel Rails considered Chemically and Mechanically, by C. P Sandberg 1890. A Modification of the Reichert Distillation Process for Butter, by H. Leffmann and W. Beam. Philadelphia 1891. Perch6 sis a preferirsi il metoto di Persoz nell’ analisi dei nitrati di potassio e di sodio commerciali, per C de Negri.Genova 1891. Estimation of Nitrogen in Nitrates by Kjeldahl’s method, and an Index to the Literature on the Estimation of Nitrogen, by L. F. Kebler. Michigan 1891. London Smoke Plague, by B. H. Thwaite. London 1891. The Truth on Melinite. by E. Turpin. Eraine-le-Comte 1890. Report on tfhe Analysis of Water from the Artesian Well in Stoney Lane, Houndsditch, by W. S. Saunders. London, 1891. An Explanation of the ConRtitution of the Ether, of the Con-stitution of Matter, and of the Cause of TJniversnl Gravitation, by J. G. Vine. London 1891. b ield Experiments : Barley, Field No. 11. Plots 1-24 ; Pasture, Field No. 1:3, by E. Kinch. Cirencester 1891. The Sources of the Nitrogen of our Leguminous Plants, by J.B. Lawes and J. H. Gilbert. London 1892. Observations 011 Rainfall, Percolation and Evaporation, by J. H. Gilbert. London 1891. Sur la dypnone, par 31. Delacre. Bruxelles 1890. Notes on the Spectra of Zinc and Cadmium, by J. B. Kirkland. Melbourne 1890. Wattles and Wattle Barks, by J. H. Xaiden. 2nd Edition. Sydney 1891. Contributions to the Study of the Pyroxenic Varieties of Gneiss and of the Scapolite-bearing Rocks of Ceylon and Salem, by M. A. Lacroix. Translated by F. R. Mallet. ANNIVERSARY MEETING AND SECOND ANNIVERSARY DINNER. A letter in the following terms has been issued by the Secretaries to all Fellows on the Home list :-“We have the honour to inform you that hhe Society’s Second Anniversary Dinner is to take place at the Hatel M6tropole on Wednesday, March SOth, at seven for half-past seven o’clock, the Anniversary Neeting being appoint’ed to take place at Burlington House at 4o’clock in the afternoon of the same day.“The price of the dinner, including wine, will be One guinea, payable in advance. 50 ‘‘ We brg to request that you will return the enclosed post card duly filled in not later than March the 19th. “ A ticket admitting to the dinner will be sent to you on receipt of 2,1Is., the price of the dinner ticket.” At the next meeting, on March lith, the following papers will be rend :-‘‘ The conditions which determine combination between the cyan- ides of zinc and mercury and the composition and properties of the resulting double salt.” By Professor 1.)unstan. “A lecture experiment to illustrate the phenomena of coal-dust explosions.” By Professor Thorpe, F.R.S. “The ketone obtained by the action of dehydrating agents 02 camphor.” By Drs. Armstrong and Kipping. ‘‘ Platinum tetrachloride.” By F. Pullinger, B.A. HARRISON AND SONS, PKIBTEXS IN ORDINARY TO HER MAJESTY, ST.MARTIN’S LANE.
ISSN:0369-8718
DOI:10.1039/PL8920800037
出版商:RSC
年代:1892
数据来源: RSC
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