ISSN:1660-3796    

DOI:10.1159/000222564

出版商:S. Karger GmbH    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:1660-3796    

DOI:10.1159/000222565

出版商:S. Karger GmbH    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

This paper summarizes in an overview the new possibilities based on biotechnology like monoclonal antibodies and genetic engineering. Examples are given where these new techniques are already used in transfusion work. In addition some perspectives for the future in relation to these techniques are given.

ISSN:1660-3796    

DOI:10.1159/000222566

出版商:S. Karger GmbH    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

With the introduction of human monoclonal antibodies against antigens of the Rh-system it was possible to solve a series of problems, as, for instance, the permanent availability of reagents. Another problem, the classification of D-categories with a panel of specific monoclonal antibodies, also might be solved by the production of such antibodies. Especially the classification of Cat. Vl-cells is of great importance. We present a panel of five human monoclonal antibodies useful for the definition of Rh-D categories. The antibodies are designated as BS221, BS227, BS228, BS230 and BS231. By positive or negative reactions with expected category cells it is possible to determine the corresponding category. All Cat. Vl-cells of a defined panel could be identified. Of particular interest is the antibody BS221 due to its reactivity with Cat. Vl-cells. The fact, however, that BS221 is missing the detection of some Cat. Vl-cells indicates a further subdivision of Cat. VI.

ISSN:1660-3796    

DOI:10.1159/000222567

出版商:S. Karger GmbH    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

All D+ samples were detected by all monoclonal antibodies without problems. Very few of the 3000 Du samples showed a ± to ++ reaction with some of the IgG type mabs using the Coombs technique. It is still open whether these are specific reactions with weak positive samples, which were negative with polyclonal sera. IgM type mabs detected up to 100% of the Du samples dependent on the Rh-phenotype and the technique used (CCDu ccDuEe). Most of the CCDuee samples reacted very strong and should no longer be regarded asDu

ISSN:1660-3796    

DOI:10.1159/000222568

出版商:S. Karger GmbH    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Patienten mit hämatologischen und onkologischen Erkrankungen bedürfen krankheits- oder therapiebedingt oftmals einer intensiven, supportiven Hämotherapie. Bis zur Verfügbarkeit spezifischer und sensitiver HCV-Antikörpertests in den Jahren 1989 bis 1990 waren sie einem erhöhten Risiko transfusionsassoziierter Hepatitis-C-Virus-Infektionen (Non-A, non-B-Posttransfusionshepatitis) ausgesetzt. Dies konnte durch unsere Untersuchungen mit den EIA-Testverfahren der «1.» und «2.» Generation, zum Nachweis von HCV-Antikörpern gegen strukturelle und nicht-strukturelle (NS) Antigen-Determinanten, bestätigt werden. In unserem Kollektiv waren 11/101 Patienten (10,9%) im Test der 2. Generation Anti-HCV-positiv. Der HCV-Antikörper-Nachweis war bei den EIAs der 2. Generation und im 4-RIBA, dem weiterentwickelten HCV-Immunoblot, häufiger positiv als bei den EIAs der 1. Generation. Offenbar unterscheiden sich hämatologischonkologische Patienten von klinisch gesunden Blutspendern durch eine stärkere Prävalenz der Antikörper gegen strukturelle Antigendeterminanten bei gleichzeitigem Verlust des NS-A

ISSN:1660-3796    

DOI:10.1159/000222569

出版商:S. Karger GmbH    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The Working Group ‘Blood Plasma Constituents’ of the DGTI has carried out four multicenter trials with human immunoglobulins for intravenous application (IVIG). The ACA method elaborated here has led to relatively consistent ACA results for commercially available IVIG preparations in the participating laboratories. On their own, the in vitro tolerance tests of the IVIGs are not sufficient for safety testing, since there is no clear correlation between the ACA values and the tolerance in a rat model in which changes of blood pressure, pulse rate, ECG and respiratory resistance after administration of IVIGs are determined. The role of polymer constituents in tolerance reactions is to be regarded as substantiated, whereas the tolerance of the dimer fractions of β-propiolactone-treated IVIGs does not differ appreciably from that of their monomer constituents. Determination of the IgG subclass composition requires standardization. The collation of the antibody specificities to the subclasses must be clarified before making inferences with regard to the clinical significance of the subclass composition of the preparat

ISSN:1660-3796    

DOI:10.1159/000222570

出版商:S. Karger GmbH    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

To analyze age-dependent effects of a plasma donation on the regeneration of plasma proteins two groups of first time plasma donors were selected ( 50 years). By measurements of hematological and biochemical parameter, immunoglobulins, procoagulators and inhibitors of coagulation before and after a plasma donation the kinetic of regeneration until three weeks was followed up. It can be concluded that a single plasma donation affects the generation in younger and older donors in a different way. Procoagulators and inhibitors show the same behavior, except the donation related elevation of fibrinogen in young donors. Especially the retarded regeneration of cholinesterase and immunoglobulins in the male young group should be taken into consideration for frequent plasma donations and autologous preoperative plasma donations.

ISSN:1660-3796    

DOI:10.1159/000222571

出版商:S. Karger GmbH    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Apolipoprotein E (Apo E) spielt eine zentrale Rolle im Stoffwechsel der Chylomikronen als Ligand für deren Aufnahme über den Apo B/E- und Apo E-Rezeptor in der Leber. Apo E wird primär nicht mit den Chylomikronen synthetisiert, sondern postprandial im Plasma während deren Hydrolyse aus den High Density Lipoproteinen (HDL) auf Chylomikronen transferiert. Da Triglyzerid-Phospholipidemulsionen nach intravenöser Gabe im Plasma Apoproteine aufnehmen, interessierte ein möglicher Transfer von Apo E auf diese artefiziellen Lipoproteine und seine Rolle beim weiteren Metabolismus. Dazu wurden stoffwechselgesunden Probanden mit dem häufigen Apo E3/3-Phänotyp Fettemulsionen intravenös infundiert. Die Verteilung von Apo E innerhalb der Lipoproteine wurde während der Infusion von MCT- und LCT-Lösungen über vier Stunden untersucht. Hierbei kam es zu einem deutlichen Transfer von Apo E aus den HDL in die Region triglyzeridreicher Lipoproteine. Dieser Transfer scheint sich unter MCT schneller zu vollziehen als unter LCT-Infusion. Dies könnte eine der Erklärungen der rascheren Metabolisierung von MCT-Lösungen sein. Gleichzeitig zeigte sich ein signifikanter Abfall des Plasma Apo E-Spiegels sowohl unter MCT als auch unter LCT, vereinbar mit der Liganden-funktion des Apo E zur Aufnahme der infundierten artefiziellen triglyzeridreichen Partike

ISSN:1660-3796    

DOI:10.1159/000222572

出版商:S. Karger GmbH    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A 60-year old man was suffering from angina and a percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) had to be done. In the preoperative screening procedure antibodies anti-Vel were identified. The patients blood group is 0, rr. The prevalence of the blood group 0, rr, Vel(-) is 1:60,000. Compatible blood groups were not found in the patients family. The only alternative method to give this patient his necessary units of blood was an autologous transfusion procedure, however, because of the patients clinical condition it was necessary to use an erythrocyte apheresis procedure without changing his bloodvolume. We performed erythrocyte apheresis, using the Fenwal CS-3000. 920 ml blood was collected, Ht 0.67 1/1, enough for three units packed cells compared with random donor blood. The erythrocyte apheresis procedure was performed without any problem. The PTCA was done without complications and transfusions. The units of blood are stored in liquid nitrogen in the central laboratory of blood transfusion, Amsterdam.

ISSN:1660-3796    

DOI:10.1159/000222573

出版商:S. Karger GmbH    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger