摘要:

AbstractWe examined histoenzymatic characteristics of human muscle fibers grown in monolayer culture and innervated de novo in culture for 60–90 days by fetal rat spinal cord neurons. Serial cryostat cross sections were obtained using a freshly frozen sandwich of adult rat muscle and cultured human muscle. An Advanced degree of morphologic and histoenzymatic maturation of cultured human muscle was reached after innervation. In contrast to aneurally cultured human muscle fibers, the innervated muscle fibers were smaller in diameter and had myonuclei preferentially located at the periphery of the fiber. The innervated fibers contained a well‐developed intermyofibrillar network revealed by the NADH‐TR and SDH reactions. Phosphorylase activity was strong to moderate in most muscle fibers. Although most of the innervated cultured muscle fibers were still not fully differentiated into two histochemical fiber types because they had strong ATPase activity after both alkaline and acid preincubation, a few of them had an ATPase profile similar to type 2 fibers in human adult muscle and had reciprocal staining with phosphorylase and NADH‐TR reactions. This is the first evidence of differentiation into different histochemical fiber types of human muscle cultured in monolayer and innervated de novo by fetal rat spin

ISSN:0148-639X    

DOI:10.1002/mus.880110104

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA panel of 141 monoclonal antibodies, generated to theTorpedoray cholinergic nerve terminal preparation, were tested for binding to components of human nerve and muscle. Tested by immunofluorescence, 13 of the antibodies reacted with components of the human intercostal nerve, and 9 bound either muscle or blood vessels in a diversity of staining patterns. Results indicate that the antibodies identifiy a spectrum of different antigens. Some of the antibodies that cross react with the human nervous system have been studied in the ray and rat. In the human peripheral nerve and muscle, their cytochemical distribution is consistent with what has been observed in these other species. These antibodies, therefore, are likely to identify components of the neuromuscular junction that have been conserved in evolution from elasmobranches to humans. The antibodies identified here are potentially useful tools for a molecular examination of human nerves and muscles in pathological conditions.

ISSN:0148-639X    

DOI:10.1002/mus.880110105

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe reported prevalence of diabetic polyneuropathy varies from 5 to 80%. This unsatisfactory state may relate to evaluation of different patient groups, different minimal criteria for the diagnosis of neuropathy, and different degrees of surveillance. To made matters worse, patients with polyneuropathy tend to be equated ignoring differences in severity. To remedy this situation, four recommendations are made: (1) population‐based patients should be studied, (2) nerve conduction should be used to set minimal criteria for neuropathy because the test is objective, sensitive, and repeatable, (3) validated tests of symptoms and deficits should also be used because clinical manifestations of neuropathy cannot be accurately inferred from electrophysiologic measurements, and (4) approaches to staging severity of neuropathy should be developed and used in expressing abnormality. To this end minimal criteria for the diagnosis of diabetic polyneuropathy have been proposed, and validated tests to assess neuropathic symptoms and sensory deficits have been developed. In this report we also propose a staging approach utilizing nerve conduction and neurologic history and examination and validated tests of neuropathic symptoms and deficit

ISSN:0148-639X    

DOI:10.1002/mus.880110106

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe studied the fate of skeletal muscle obtained from patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) after transplantation into immunodeficient nude mice. The transplanted muscle consistently survived in the nude mice without immunological rejection. The myofibers in these muscles underwent degeneration, followed by regeneration, maturation, and eventual functional innervation by the mouse motor neurons. The ability to grow diseased human muscle successfully over a prolonged period in nude mice offers an in vivo model to study the etiology of ALS and possibly of other neuromuscular disorders.

ISSN:0148-639X    

DOI:10.1002/mus.880110107

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractNeuralgic amyotrophy is characterized by acute onset of arm pain, followed after a variable interval by flaccid paralysis in the distribution of the brachial plexus on one or sometimes both sides. Electromyography reveals findings suggestive of an axonal degeneration process affecting various portions of the brachial‐plexus or individual nerves emanating from it, sometimes difficult to localize to discrete cords, trunks, or nerves. Diagnosis is established by excluding other causes, including compression and vasculitides. Prognosis for recovery is excellen

ISSN:0148-639X    

DOI:10.1002/mus.880110108

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMitochondrial crystalline inclusions, frequently found in mitochondrial myopathies, were analyzed by crystallographic techniques and computer‐aided image processing. It could be shown that these structures were real crystals. There are two distinct types of crystal, which can be distinguished by shape, size, and pattern. So‐called type I crystals are usually present in the intracristal space, whereas the type II crystals are preferentially located in the intermembrane space between outer and inner mitochondrial membranes. The unit cell dimensions were found to be 38 × 34 × 8 nm for the type I crystals and 20 × 17 × 8 nm for the type II crystals. These results strongly suggest that the crystals are composed of macromolecules, presumably proteins. Arguments are presented that indicate that type I crystals occur only in type 1 muscle fibers and type II crystals in type 2 muscle

ISSN:0148-639X    

DOI:10.1002/mus.880110109

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA prospective study was done on 222 consectutive new patients referred to our pediatric muscle clinic to assess the diagnostic value of ultrasound imaging. Ultrasound scans were interpreted without knowledge of clinical presentation or results of other tests. Muscular dystrophy produced a brightly speckled pattern of increased echo from the muscle, whereas spinal muscular atrophy showed a moderate increase in muscle echo and associated muscle atrophy. Acute dermatomyositis produced a moderate increase in echo that varied markedly with the direction of the ultrasound beam in relation to the muscle fibres. The ultrasound scan was normal in children with hypotonia of cerebral origin, Prader Willi syndrome, ligamentous laxity, and other “nonneuromuscular” causes. In eight patients ultrasound scanning showed a striking degree of selective involvement of individual components of the quadriceps muscle, which provided considerable diagnostic help for selective needle biopsy. Ultrasound scanning in children has the major advantage of being a nonivasive and pleasant out‐patient procedure, which can be readily done on multiple sites. It is a valuable screening test in the investigation of children with neuromuscular diso

ISSN:0148-639X    

DOI:10.1002/mus.880110110

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractHundreds of first rib resections are performed yearly in the United States to treat a controversial type of neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome (NTOS). This surgery was thought to be devoid of serious neurological complications until 1982. However, that year Dale unearthed the rather astounding fact that the members of a single surgical society were aware of nearly 300 brachial plexus injuries resulting in motor deficits that had occurred during such operations, although almost none had been reported in the literature. In this report the features of the two main types of NTOS (“true” and “disputed”) are discussed. The history of brachial plexus injury occurring during TOS surgery is traced back to the late nineteenth century. The clinical and electrophysiological features of eight patients who sustained such injuries are described in detail, the literature on this topic is reviewed, and the location and causes for these injuries are di

ISSN:0148-639X    

DOI:10.1002/mus.880110111

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAt the elbow the ulnar nerve may be compressed either in the retrocondylar groove or at the cubital tunnel. Optimal surgical therapy should be directed at the specific site of involvement. Intraoperative electroneurography performed in conjunction with 19 ulnar nerve explorations helped localize the precise site of compression. Of the primary procedures, abnormality was at the retrocondylar groove in 9, cubital tunnel in 4, both locations in 3, and at an unusual distal point in 1; 12 anterior subcutaneous transpositions, 4 cubital tunnel releases, and 1 distal decompression resulted. Intraoperative studies helped identify residual compression in two patients undergoing reexploration. Although routine electrodiagnosis may localize an ulnar neuropathy to the elbow, reliably separating retrocondylar from cubital tunnel compression is more difficult. Preoperatively, percutaneous serial short increment studies were more accurate than simple “inching” in predicting the site of compress

ISSN:0148-639X    

DOI:10.1002/mus.880110112

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMalignant hyperthermia (MH) is a genetic syndrome usually initiated by exposure to volatile anesthetic agents or depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents. We have used Ca2+‐selective microelectrodes to measure in vivo the intracellular ionized calcium ([Ca2+]i) in skeletal muscle fibers of MH‐susceptible swines before and during hyperthermic episodes and also after dantrolene administration. The animals were anesthetized with thiopental and fentanyl and maintained with a mixture of nitrous oxide (66%) and oxygen (34%). The malignant hyperthermic episode was triggered by exposure to halothane. Determinations of [Ca2+]iduring the episode show an increase from 0.44 ± 0.01 μM± SEM,n= 20 to 8.44 ± 0.68 μM (mean ± SEM,n= 10). Administration of dantrolene (2 mg/kg) during the hyperthermic episode reduces [Ca2+]ito 0.17 + 0.01 μM (mean ± SEM,n= 10) and reverses the clinical symptoms. These results show that the MH episode is associated with an increase in the myoplasmic free Ca2+concentration and that the therapeutic effect of dantrolene is related to a decrease

ISSN:0148-639X    

DOI:10.1002/mus.880110113

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY