摘要:

Basic pharmacologic evidences have suggested the effects of dihydroergotoxine mesylate (DEM) on neurotransmitters. In its clinical use, however, various therapeutic effects and side effects are observed when the dose is changed, because of the complexity of this compound and the delicate mechanism of neurotransmitters in the brain, especially when modified by aging and vascular lesions.In order to investigate the optimal dose, a double‐blind study in 550 patients with cerebrovascular disorders was carried out at 68 centers under observation by experienced specialists. Dihydroergotoxine mesylate in sublingual tablets, 3 mg daily, and in oral tablets, 6 mg daily, respectively, was given for 12 weeks, and therapeutic effects at those doses were compared by a double‐blind method. In utility ratings for subjective and psychiatric symptoms, the effects in the oral tablet group at a daily dose of 6 mg were significantly superior to those in sublingual tablet group at a daily dose of 3 mg. There was no significant difference between those two groups in the comparison of side effects.These results show that the daily oral administration of 6 mg of DEM is more suitable for the improvement of subjective and psychiatric symptoms due to cerebrovascular disorders than is the daily sublingual administration of 3 mg. These results suggest that, despite much complexity in the neurohumoral transmitter mechanism in the brain, relatively simple dose‐dependent efficacy of the drug in the range of the therapeutic doses was confirmed for many subjective and psychiatric symptoms of patients with cerebrovascular diso

ISSN:0002-8614    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1983.tb06280.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The enzyme glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) was assayed in the circulating erythrocytes of 38 20‐ to 30‐year‐old subjects and 29 80‐ to 90‐year‐old subjects. The red blood cell G6PD activity of an aged‐unbiased erythrocyte population in the young group was found to be significantly higher than in the older group (5.46 ± 1.06) vs (4.31 ± 0.99) (P<0.001), respectively (mean ±sd). No significant difference was observed between the mean enzyme values of the male and female subjects in the two age groups. Since the mature red blood cell is devoid of regenerative capabilities, one may propose an explanation for this observation that implicates either an alteration in G6PD synthesis in the erythrocyte precursor cells in aged hosts, and/or the presence of an inhibitory factor that has the effect of decreasing the assayed acti

ISSN:0002-8614    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1983.tb06281.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Ten supporters of demented elderly dependents were studied in order to examine their coping behavior in the context of caring for their relatives at home. Coping skills were described with respect to problems, solutions, and cognitive aspects of motivation and stress tolerance. The observations made suggested the hypothesis that tolerance of debility in a demented relative is related not only to the number and type of problems in the dependent but also to the availability and quality of coping skills in the supporter. This hypothesis was explored through the elaboration of a skills training program (Supporter Endurance Training), which was designed and employed to improve and expand the coping skills of a supporter. Supporter Endurance Training may prove to be a useful approach to the maintenance of the demented elderly person at home as a possible alternative to institutionalization.

ISSN:0002-8614    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1983.tb06282.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In order to evaluate the effect of age on the presentation of and response to acute bacterial infection, the hospital charts of 187 adult patients with community‐acquired pneumococcal bacteremia admitted to Bellevue Hospital over a nine‐and‐a‐half year period were reviewed. Compared with younger patients, older patients (aged 65 or older) more frequently had (1) a lower fever in response to the infection, (2) an unclear history of illness, (3) a delay in diagnosis and/or therapy, and (4) a higher risk of dying. On admission, their leukocyte counts and heart rates were similar to those in a group of younger patients, which was composed largely of alcoholic patients and those addicted to intravenous drugs. Response to therapy was also similar in surviving older patients. Lower temperature and an unclear history were features most commonly associated with both delayed diagnosis and higher mortality. When patients with a history of alcohol abuse and those dying shortly after admission (i.e., presenting in a moribund state) were eliminated from the analysis, many of these age‐related differences in presentation and outcome became even mor

ISSN:0002-8614    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1983.tb06283.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

During the 17 years following the death of her husband, President Franklin D. Roosevelt, Eleanor Roosevelt immersed herself in many activities on a national and international scale, activities that justly earned her the title of First Lady of the World. The period of these activities spans her 61st to 78th years of life, a time when most people are retired. Her activities in later life reflect the internal development and political experience acquired with her husband in her earlier years. Eleanor Roosevelt's broad concepts and her philosophy of living the various phases of life, including aging, and her views on health, retirement, and death remain timely and in consonance with the teachings of modern gerontology. The life of this extraordinary woman was marked by intense motivation, multiple interests, vitality, and a large capacity for work and play. These attributes are important factors in living a full and productive life.

ISSN:0002-8614    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1983.tb06284.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0002-8614    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1983.tb06285.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This conference summary outlines the inventory of facts now known about the process of aging for interested scientist researchers, for persons who might be contemplating doing research in gerontology, and for teachers who wish to have available a source of current research and a discussion of possible new directions for adding to the science base of geriatric medicine. Phenomena of the aging process are considered from the following standpoints: mechanisms of aging and the human condition; dynamic aspects of senescence; pathology of DNA and the biology of aging; the influence of aging on protein synthesis; post‐translational changes in cells and tissues; immunologic aspects of aging; and neural and endocrine mechanisms in aging. Also included is a short paper dealing with aging phenomena in plant

ISSN:0002-8614    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1983.tb06286.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0002-8614    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1983.tb06287.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

By use of monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometry techniques, peripheral blood mononuclear cells from young (20–30 years) and elderly (70+ years) subjects were analyzed before and after culture with pokeweed mitogen to gain insight into the cellular interactions responsible for the decreased B cell response observed in culture samples from the elderly. Data analysis of surface immunoglobulin‐positive cells demonstrated no difference in the percentage of B cells in the elderly, while both plaque‐forming cell and intracytoplasmic immunoglobulin assays showed significantly reduced B cell maturation (P =<0.01) compared with young controls. The B cell defect was shown to be functional and not a result of failure to proliferate and survive during incubation. Surface marker analysis of T cell sub‐populations demonstrated a definite shift (P=<0.01) in the helper/suppressor T cell ratio in cultured samples from the elderly group (3.9) compared with young subjects (1.2). In addition to the absolute increase in the helper T cell population, forward‐angle light scatter analysis demonstrated that, compared with young controls, a greater portion of the helper T cell population in the elderly subjects had characteristics of activated, blast‐sized cells. The data reported in this study suggest that in the elderly group there is a functional im‐munoregulatory imbalance in the helper

ISSN:0002-8614    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1983.tb06288.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0002-8614    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1983.tb06289.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY