ISSN:0004-9018    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-8462.1995.tb00871.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0004-9018    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-8462.1995.tb00872.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractOver the past two decades, there has been a decisive shift in trade and industry policy in developing countries (DCs) away from import substitution and towards export‐orientation. As part of this policy shift, an increasing number of DCs have become more receptive to foreign direct investment (FDI). Despite its policy relevance, the literature on the role of FDI in the export expansion of manufactured exports from DCs is sparse. This article attempts to fill this gap through a case study of the role of export‐oriented FDI in Malaysia's rapid industrialisation. The overall conclusion of the article is that export‐oriented FDI has brought significant returns to Malaysia principally because the general economic climate has been favourable for the internationalisation of production for a considerable period of

ISSN:0004-9018    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-8462.1995.tb00873.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis article considers whether capital is a significant constraint on employment in Australia. We calculate the level of capital‐constrained employment for seven sectors of the Australian economy. The calculations suggest that the manufacturing; transport, storage and communication; and recreation, personal and other services sectors have sufficient capital installed to increase employment. In two other sectors, mining and wholesale and retail trade, the potential for increases in employment through increased capital utilisation may be constrained by surplus labour (as of June 1993). While some sectors are capital constrained at the moment, we find that the investment requirements to increase employment in these sectors are not onerous. We also project investment requirements in each of the sectors for employment growth over the next five years. These projections suggest that a jump in investment followed by relatively modest growth is required to sustain growth in employmen

ISSN:0004-9018    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-8462.1995.tb00874.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis article is about three phases in Australian trade policy: protectionism, unilateral liberalisation, and participation in regional trade liberalisation. Australia used to have one of the most protected economies in the world. The last dozen years have seen a radical transformation of Australian economic policy: Australia is in the process of becoming one of the most open economies in the world. The last five‐to‐ten years have also seen a related transformation of Australian foreign economic policy. This policy is now centrally concerned with promoting the process of international economic integration within the Asian region; particularly through the APEC process. Should Australia be pursuing ‘open regionalism’ in the Pacific? or promoting an Asia Pacific trading bloc? or concentrating on its own unilateral trade liberalisation? or using its energy to press for global liberalisation through the GATT? I argue that there remains a deep contradiction in the APEC process; that ‘open regionalism’ is in Australia's interests, and that the critical test of Australia's conversion to liberalisation will come in this third phase, in the future answers that it gives to thes

ISSN:0004-9018    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-8462.1995.tb00875.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractOver the past 15 years or more, all the member countries of the OECD, including Australia, have liberalised their economic systems: there has been a general adoption of market‐oriented economic reforms. This article surveys the process of reform during this period for all the OECD economies, but with special reference to developments in Australia. It looks at five main areas of policy: financial markets (national and international), public finance, privatisation and deregulation, labour markets, and international trade. It considers in turn the nature of the process, the course and content of reforms, the main causal influences at work, and the impact and significance of liberalisation. In doing so, it draws extensively on work carried out in the OECD Secretaria

ISSN:0004-9018    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-8462.1995.tb00876.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis article, which explores various aspects of macroeconomic policy and employment growth, is prompted by the relative lack of attention given to these issues in the Green and White Papers on unemployment. The problem of hysteresis reinforces the generally recognised need to reduce the excessive volatility of output and employment growth in Australia. International comparisons presented in the article suggest that Australian output and employment growth have been more volatile than those of the three major OECD countries. Reduction in macroeconomic volatility requires more effective short‐term demand management than we have had in the recent past, and in turn, means that we must know more about the strength and timing of the effects of major macroeconomic policy instruments on employment growth and unemployment. This article presents employment growth equations for Australia over the period 1979–93 which incorporate domestic macroeconomic policy effects as well as the influences of the international business cycle. We show that monetary and fiscal policy have had a significant impact on the evolution of employment in Australia and, in particular, that tight monetary and fiscal policy contributed substantially to the recession of 1990

ISSN:0004-9018    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-8462.1995.tb00877.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0004-9018    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-8462.1995.tb00878.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0004-9018    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-8462.1995.tb00879.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0004-9018    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-8462.1995.tb00880.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY