ISSN:0004-9018    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-8462.1996.tb00910.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This Policy Forum brings together three views on the conduct of monetary policy in Australia. It arose from a submission by Peter Stemp which was refereed in the normal manner for contributed papers. One referee, Stephen Grenville, was prompted to forego his anonymity and to submit a paper addressing similar issues but taking a very different approach on the objectives of monetary policy. The editors asked John Pitchford to comment on both papers. The Grenville and Pitchford papers were edited in the manner used for Policy Forum.

ISSN:0004-9018    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-8462.1996.tb00911.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0004-9018    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-8462.1996.tb00912.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0004-9018    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-8462.1996.tb00913.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0004-9018    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-8462.1996.tb00914.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThere has been little systematic discussion of the issues associated with private involvement in infrastructure. Analysis of the relative performance of the private and public sector in different phases of infrastructure provision suggests that, in most cases, the private sector will be most efficient in the construction phase but the public sector will be best equipped to handle the risks associated with ownership. The situation is less clear‐cut with respect to operation—a mixture in which core operations are undertaken by the public sector owner with peripheral operations being contracted out may be optimal in many ca

ISSN:0004-9018    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-8462.1996.tb00915.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWhile at the Toronto Conference in 1988, Australia adopted a target of reducing carbon dioxide emissions by 20 per cent of 1988 levels by the year 2005, however action to reduce emissions has been negligible. Unilateral action is deemed too costly in terms of the negative effects it could have on employment, GDP growth, exports and international competitiveness.Most Australian studies have evaluated the effect on such variables of employing a specified policy instrument, such as a carbon tax, to reduce emissions. This study instead uses an input‐output method developed by Proops, Faber and Wagenhals (1993) to ascertain the minimum set of changes necessary in different sectors of the economy required to achieve the Toronto Target, where constraints on key macroeconomic variables, such as GDP growth and the level of employment, are met. The cost of reducing emissions is defined here in terms of the required structural changes, when factors like GDP growth are held positive.The results suggest that the necessary changes in various sectors under each of the scenarios are not far removed from the observed rates of change for Australia. The results are also consistent with those obtained for both Germany and the United Kingdo

ISSN:0004-9018    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-8462.1996.tb00916.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWith significant increases in the demand for higher education in New Zealand since the 1980s, the question of the size of the returns to investments in education has been of significant interest. Despite this interest, studies have been few in number and based on aggregated measures from the 1960s to 1981. This study is the first to utilise micro‐level data from the 1991 New Zealand Census. The study employs and compares the conventional methods of regression earnings functions, and internal rate of return analyses of private and social rates of return. The results indicate that returns to education are economically significant, at rates that are higher for females, even when adjusting for hours of work and female labour force participation differences. The returns are subject to diminishing returns, and social rates of return are 1 per cent to 3 per cent lower than private returns—a result that is consistent with those of OECD countries, but among the smaller differences by international standa

ISSN:0004-9018    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-8462.1996.tb00917.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0004-9018    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-8462.1996.tb00918.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0004-9018    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-8462.1996.tb00919.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY