ISSN:0887-8013    

DOI:10.1002/jcla.1860020102

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA semiautomated fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) for total T3 performed using the TDx analyzer has been evaluated. Precision of the assay at a low level of T3 (<1.0 ng/mL) is not good with CVs of about 17% observed. Precision at moderate to high levels (1.7–5.6 ng/mL) is good (CVs = 11.3−4.1%). Low end imprecision is attributable to a lack of sensitivity, with a reliable detection limit of only about 0.9 ng/mL. An average recovery of added T3 of 96% was noted, and the assay is not affected by interference due to lipemia, bilirubinemia, or hemolysis. A methods comparison study of the FPIA test and total T3 by RIA yielded a regression equation of Y = 1.08 × −.28, r = 0.95. The TDx FPIA total T3 test is a quick, semiautomated procedure, offering the advantage of a stable, stored calibration curve. It is useful for quantitating elevated levels of total T3 as found in hyperthyroid conditions, and its performance is comparable to or better than RIA procedures for this purpose. However, it cannot be recommended for the evaluation of patients with T3 values below 1.0 ng/mL, and RIA tests are still preferable for this analytical

ISSN:0887-8013    

DOI:10.1002/jcla.1860020103

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAbnormal testicular histology is common in untreated diabetic animals and men. Reversal of testicular lesions with return of function and fertility are seen in controlled diabetes. We investigated the effects of pancreaticoduodenal (PD) allografts on testicular lesions of alloxan‐induced diabetic rats. For periods of l to 15 months, 190 diabetic Lewis rats were allowed to remain diabetic before receiving PD transplants and Cyclosporin A (CsA); 190 other rats were divided into 4 control groups: normal rats with and without CsA, and diabetic rats with and without CsA. Following transplantation, transplanted rats and corresponding controls were sacrificed at 3‐month intervals. Testicles were morphometrically examined. CsA did not affect rat testicular histology. All successfully transplanted rats (n = 97) had complete reversal of hyperglycemia. In the first 6 months following transplantation, the testicular lesions appear to worsen; thereafter, the testicular sizes, tubular densities, and percentages of germinal tissue converge toward nondiabetic levels. This convergence was more marked in the later transplantation groups (≥ 9 months of diabetes before receiving transplantation) than in the earlier groups (<9 months). Overall, these results suggest that PD transplantation may partially reverse testicular lesions. Although pancreas transplantation may initially worsen diabetic testicular lesions, after 6 months, improvement of the lesions can be expected. Thus, an important result from this study relating to the clinical laboratory is that good control of the blood glucose in diabetics causes reversal of diabetic testicular lesions with return of function and fertility. In addition, Cyclosporin levels should be monitored in clinical laboratories in transplant patients to prevent toxic injury to the kidney and liver. However, Cyclosporin did not damage the testis in our

ISSN:0887-8013    

DOI:10.1002/jcla.1860020104

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSolid‐state integrated probe based on ion‐sensitive, field‐effect transistors has been used for determination of sodium chloride in sweat for diagnosis of cystic fibrosis. This probe can yield useful clinical data faster and with higher reliability than the conventional titration test. A battery‐powered instrument that converts the differential current into milliequivalents of sodium chloride has been constructed. It is possible to perform the diagnosis without inducing sweating with pilocarpine. It is suggested that similar probes with multisensing capability can be used for analysis of other surface body

ISSN:0887-8013    

DOI:10.1002/jcla.1860020105

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA novel enzyme immunoassay of anti‐insulin IgG in human serum is described. A serum sample containing anti‐insulin IgG was treated with dextran‐charcoal at pH 6.0 to remove endogenous insulin and subsequently incubated with dinitrophenyl biotinyl nonspecific rabbit IgG‐insulin conjugate. The reaction mixture was further incubated with a rabbit (antidinitrophenyl bovine serum albumin) IgG‐coated polystyrene ball to trap the complex formed between anti‐insulin IgG and the conjugate. After washing to eliminate nonspecific IgG in the test serum, the polystyrene ball was incubated with dinitrophenyl‐L‐lysine to elute the complex. The eluate was incubated with an avidin‐coated polystyrene ball. Finally, the amount of human anti‐insulin IgG in the complex trapped onto the avidin‐coated polystyrene ball was measured by incubation with rabbit (antihuman IgG (γ‐chain)) Fab'‐peroxidase conjugate. This enzyme immunoassay was 1,000‐fold more sensitive than the conventional enzyme immunoassay, in which an insulin‐bovine serum albumin‐coated polystyrene ball was incubated with a serum sample containing anti‐insulin IgG and subsequently with rabbit (antihuman IgG (γ‐chain)) Fab'‐peroxidase conjugate. The principle of the novel enzyme immunoassay can be used to more sensitively measure antibodies for most kinds of haptens and antigens t

ISSN:0887-8013    

DOI:10.1002/jcla.1860020106

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe have systematically evaluated the effect of tris/phosphate buffers, ethylenediamine tetraacetate (EDTA), dithiothreitol (DTT), molybdate, and phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) on the binding of 17β‐estradiol to human BPH cytosol. Competition binding assays demonstrated that the estrogen receptor was highly specific for 17β‐estradiol. There was statistically no difference in binding observed with tris or phosphate buffers. Two classes of binding (high affinity—type I, low affinity—type II) were observed. DTT (1 mM) showed maximum inhibition of type II binding. There was no significant difference in binding observed in the presence of 1.0 mM EDTA. However, 10 mM EDTA stimulated estradiol binding in both saturation analysis and glycerol gradients. Stimulation of estradiol binding by 10 mM EDTA was observed even in the presence of 1 mM DTT. Molybdate (20 mM), a reagent used to stabilize steroid receptors, significantly inhibited estradiol binding. PMSF inhibited estradiol binding at all concentrations studied and the nature of the inhibition appeared to be uncompetitive. A Bmax(maximum number of binding sites) of 84.4 ± 68.5 fmoles/mg protein with a KD(equilibrium dissociation constant) of 2.5 ± 1.7 mM was observed for type I estrogen receptor binding. Our Bmaxvalues are higher than those reported in other studies even after allowing for possible overestimation. In view of the potential importance of estrogen receptors in human prostate, careful reevaluation of estrogen receptors must be undertaken using proper assay

ISSN:0887-8013    

DOI:10.1002/jcla.1860020107

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe high mortality rate for patients with colon cancer results largely from the inability to diagnose the condition in its early stages. The assay described in this report may be useful in early detection of colon cancer. In the study we use the cotton‐top tamarin,Saguinus oedipus, as an animal model for studying human colon cancer. This New World monkey develops a high incidence of colitis and colon cancer. Antibodies that recognize adenocarcinoma cells and antigens from these cells can be detected in the sera of tamarins with colon cancer. The antibodies are not found in sera of healthy animals. In one procedure, tamarin adenocarcinoma cells are used to coat the wells of a microtiter plate. In an alternate procedure, a glycoprotein adenocarcinoma antigen is used. The antigen is extracted from a cultured tamarin colon cancer line by detergent solubilization followed by affinity chromatography. Test sera are examined by adding biotinylated immunoglobulin serum fractions to the coated wells. The wells are washed and an avidin‐enzyme conjugate is added. Positive sera are identified by the addition of the substrate. The presence of the autoantibodies in the sera may be taken as evidence that the animal has colon can

ISSN:0887-8013    

DOI:10.1002/jcla.1860020108

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractGlucocorticoids have been used widely in the treatment of leukemia; however, response has been variable. Glucocorticoid receptors have been implicated as the molecular basis of response to this hormonal therapy. Glucocorticoid receptor levels have been found to extend over a wide range in normal human lymphocytes, as well as in various leukemia and lymphoma cells. In several cases, correlations have been made between the concentration of glucocorticoid receptors and patient response to endocrine therapy. Other at tempts have been made to correlate glucocorticoid receptor levels with age, sex, immunological subtype of cell, and hematological classification of leukemia.

ISSN:0887-8013    

DOI:10.1002/jcla.1860020109

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCiguatera fish poisoning following consumption of a variety of fishes presents a distinct complex of polymorphous symptoms, including gastrointestinal (abdominal pain, diarrhea, vomiting, nausea), neurological (primarily parasthesia, dysesthesia), and cardiovascular (bradycardia, hypotension, tachycardia). The fishes involved include herbivores (surgeonfish) and carnivores (e.g., snapper, grouper, barracuda, jack, amberjack). Clinical symptoms seem to differ according to whether toxicity is caused by herbivores or carnivores, that is, there seem to be differences between the gastrointestinal and neurological symptoms associated with herbivores, and the gastrointestinal, neurological, and cardiovascular symptoms following consumption of carnivores. The final structure of ciguatoxin (CTX) from a carnivore species (moray eel livers) has been recognized as a lipid polyether closely related to other polyethers from dinoflagellates (okadaic acid, brevetoxin, maitotoxin, scaritoxin), to sponges (okadaic acid and norhalichondrin A), and to the streptomyces (antibiotics, monocarboxylic polyethers). Pharmacological studies suggest that, like the antibiotic polyether ionophores, ciguatoxin (Na +) and its related polyethers likewise affect cell membrane and electrolyte imbalances. Screening of toxin fishes for ciguatoxin and related polyethers may soon be a reality employing monoclonal antibodies in the stick enzyme immunoassay. Research in human diagnostic tests and treatment of afflicted individuals is presently limited for ciguatera poisoning.

ISSN:0887-8013    

DOI:10.1002/jcla.1860020110

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractRecent advances in homogeneous enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) are discussed. EIA methods have been developed with comparable sensitivity to those of radioimmunoassay (RIA). EIAs have become established in many clinical laboratories and are generally being employed for: 1) homogeneous assay of low molecular weight compounds such as drugs and antibiotics present in biological samples at relatively high concentrations, 2) qualitative and semiquantitative assays for viral, bacterial, fungal, and parasitic antigens and antibodies, 3) tissue immunohistochemical localization of antigens and antibodies, and 4) alternatives to RIA in smaller laboratories. This paper discusses the principles and applications of newer homogeneous assays such as avidin‐biotin enzyme, hybrid antibody, insoluble sub state and cloned enzyme donor, and electrochemical immunoassays. Future instrumentation for EIAs with the use of biosensors is also discusse

ISSN:0887-8013    

DOI:10.1002/jcla.1860020111

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY