摘要:

AbstractA broader evolutionary perspective and an understanding of our reproductive behavior in the context of a constantly changing society can contribute to the debate on breastfeeding and reproductive roles of both women and men. Breastfeeding is women's work and should be valued as such. Families and societies need to accept their share of the task of supporting women to breastfeed, to include favorable conditions at the workplace, adequate health care, better nutrition, and recognition of the woman's role and importance.

ISSN:0020-6695    

DOI:10.1016/0020-7292(94)02229-R

出版商:Wiley    

年代:2006

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractResearch about the effects of breastfeeding on maternal health has concentrated primarily on breast cancer, bone loss, and maternal depletion. Breastfeeding may provide some protection against breast cancer. Adequate maternal nutrition, a prolonged period of weaning, and adequate child spacing are expected to alleviate any potential bone loss or maternal depletion caused by breastfeeding. Regardless of how one chooses to weigh the relative benefits and risks of breastfeeding to the mother, it seems clear that the programmatic tasks are to see that breastfeeding women are adequately fed and enabled to space their pregnancies.

ISSN:0020-6695    

DOI:10.1016/0020-7292(94)02230-V

出版商:Wiley    

年代:2006

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBreastfeeding is a major contributor to child spacing and reproductive health, and, as such, is a vital women's issue. Further, if breastfeeding levels were to decline, the increase in family planning services that would be required to replace the lost fertility impact would be prohibitive, both in terms of cost and difficulty. This concern places breastfeeding centrally as a family planning policy issue as well. This paper discusses how breastfeeding contributes to child spacing and reduced fertility; the appropriate and timely introduction of complementary family planning methods during breastfeeding; issues and controversies in the support of breastfeeding as a family planning issue in the context of women's concerns, including the concept of exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months, the encouragement and support to maintain breastfeeding after 6 months, and the use of the Lactational Amenorrhea Method (LAM) and other family planning methods in the early postpartum period; and the role of family planning programs in supporting women's informed reproductive health choices.

ISSN:0020-6695    

DOI:10.1016/0020-7292(94)02231-M

出版商:Wiley    

年代:2006

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWorking and breastfeeding can be very complicated because of the kinds of work women are doing; the settings in which they are working; recent changes which have made breastfeeding and work less compatible; trade‐offs that working mothers must make; the importance of breastfeeding for the working woman; and the range of feeding options for working mothers. To adequately address these and other issues, several initiatives are needed: (1) additional research on breast pumping and breastmilk storage, and the social and emotional benefits of breastfeeding for working mothers and their infants; (2) protective legislation and strategies for its implementation and monitoring; (3) information and support for breastfeeding mothers and families, policy makers, and the general public; and (4) an alliance between breastfeeding advocates and feminists to promote this intrinsically female issue.

ISSN:0020-6695    

DOI:10.1016/0020-7292(94)02232-N

出版商:Wiley    

年代:2006

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBreastfeeding empowers women and contributes to gender equality; therefore, it is an important feminist, human rights, and women's issue. Although seldom addressed as a feminist issue, breastfeeding is paradigmatically one because it requires rethinking basic issues such as the sexual division of labor, the fit between women's productive and reproductive lives, and the role of physiological processes in defining gender ideology. The conceptual problems which emerge in the fit between breastfeeding promotion and feminist theory include the place of motherhood; technology versus liberation; fear of biological determinism; breasts and sexuality; locating guilt; personal choice; romanticizing breastfeeding; and conceptualizing women's work. Feminist theorists who take up breastfeeding as an issue and medical researchers who address questions raised by feminist theory have the occasion to produce a non‐dualistic feminist problematic that would draw together a wide range of theories and practices that go beyond breastfeeding and mothering. The failure to develop this analysis could have serious consequences.

ISSN:0020-6695    

DOI:10.1016/0020-7292(94)02233-O

出版商:Wiley    

年代:2006

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTwelve themes arose during the conference which, when presented to the group in a summary session, were greeted by general consensus and approval. These themes fall into four categories: women and health care; women and other life choices; women and men; and women and political action. Additional concerns that were not included in the 1‐day conference are outlined, including a discussion of: (1) respect for the reproductive roles of women, the three ‘I's’, and other reproductive health issues; (2) a 7‐stage approach to women's nutrition; (3) the supervisory role of the health care provider versus a role as a creator of self‐efficacy; (4) the cost of breastfeeding; and (5) the impact on the environment. Conclusions and next actions also are presented for consideration.

ISSN:0020-6695    

DOI:10.1016/0020-7292(94)02234-P

出版商:Wiley    

年代:2006

数据来源: WILEY