摘要:

Recent Ornithological Literature is a cooperative, volunteer project for the benefit of ornithologists the world over. The partnership began in 1983 (Auk100,Ibis125) when the AOU and BOU combined their Recent Literature sections to publish a single supplement of or‐ mythological literature. The RAOU joined this partnership in 1987 (Emu87). The AOU covers journals published in the Americas and the Philippines. The BOU covers journals published in Europe, Africa, and mainland Asia. The RAOU covers journals published in Australasia and other island nations of the Pacific. More than 150 volunteers scan about 650 titles and contribute abstracts regularly. Authors' addresses are included, if the journal lists them, to facilitate communication between readers and authors.Recent Ornithological Literature strives for comprehensive coverage of the world's periodical literature of interest to persons studying wild birds. Readers are encouraged to consult the “List of Journals Scanned published annually in the fourth supplement and to make recommendations for increasing journal coverage. Authors, editors, or publishers whose articles or journals are not covered by the ROL should send reprints, abstracts, or exchange issues to the editor responsible for covering the geographical area where the journal is published. Volunteer abstractors are welco

ISSN:0019-1019    

DOI:10.1111/j.1474-919X.1988.tb08517.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Field experiments with nest boxes show that nest holes are a limiting factor on the local population size of the Collared Flycatcher Ficedula albicollis. When this limiting resource occurs with different types that are quality related there is intraspecific competition among males for the best nest boxes, with bigger males being the better competitors. Population dynamics of Great Tit Parus major and Blue Tit P. caeruleus when compared with Collared Flycatchers suggests that there is strong interspecific Competition for available nest holes. This is also shown by removal experiments.

ISSN:0019-1019    

DOI:10.1111/j.1474-919X.1988.tb00951.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Time‐activity budgets and energy expenditure of DippersCinclus cincluswere studied in all months of the year and for every stage of the annual cycle. The commonest daytime activity was feeding (54%), then resting (43%) and flying (4%). On a 24‐hr day basis the most marked changes in activity followed from changing daylengths. DEE (Daily Energy Expenditure), derived from time‐activity budgets through the year and laboratory estimates of metabolism, averaged 201 kj d‐1in females and 228 kj d‐1in the larger males. Over a more restricted range of circumstances, direct estimates of DEE obtained from 77 Dippers using the doubly labelled water technique averaged 205 ± 43 kj d‐1and 251 ± 55 kj d‐1in females and males, respectively. Overall, the correspondence between these largely independent estimates of energy expenditure was reasonably close. DEE was highest during breeding (laying‐females; rearing‐males) and in late winter for both sexes. The lowest energy expenditures occurred during moult, amongst juveniles and in early winter. Incubating females and mate‐guarding males also had low energy costs. Across all stages of the annual cycle body size, activity patterns, ambient temperature and river flow had significant effects on energy expenditure. The rate at which food was gathered to meet these changing energy demands varied widely. While some of this variation was imposed by a seasonal environment, it was also likely to reflect adaptive shifts in rates of food gathering, in some cases consequent upon the changing fitness benefits of various n

ISSN:0019-1019    

DOI:10.1111/j.1474-919X.1988.tb00952.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Individual differences were found in the feeding sites, frequency of bait fishing, and fishing success in three individual Green‐backed Herons in southern Japan. The differences in the use of bait fishing and in fishing success seemed to be related primarily to differences in feeding sites, which were associated with territory quality. Bait fishing was used most frequently by the individual which fished often in open water with fewer suitable rocks, where the heron has to overcome the handicap of being easily seen by fish. Bait fishing was least common in the individual which fished most often from high branches. The leaves and twigs dropped from high branches rarely reached the spot the heron intended, and the fishing success was low. Individuals probably also differed in their skill at bait fishin

ISSN:0019-1019    

DOI:10.1111/j.1474-919X.1988.tb00953.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Field experiments on three free‐ranging Willow Tit winter flocks, each consisting of one adult pair and two male and two female juveniles (first‐year birds), were performed to examine whether preferences for feeding site and antipredator behaviour are related to social rank. The dominance structure was the same in all flocks; adult male>juvenile male 1>juvenile male 2>adult female>juvenile female 1>juvenile female 2.The proportion of time spent scanning for predators was positively correlated with distance from cover, and adults scanned relatively more than juveniles at the same controlled distance from cover, especially in the afternoon. Given a choice between feeders placed 1 m, 3 m, 5 m, 10 m and 20 m from the forest edge, the tits preferred feeders close to cover. Low‐ranking individuals used feeders farther from cover indicating that higher ranked tits prevented them from using the feeders close to cover by means of social dominance. When only the 10m and 20 m feeders were baited, only low‐ranked juveniles visited the feeders, subordinate females slightly more than males. The subordinate juveniles increased their use of exposed feeders at low ambient temperature, suggesting that they are prepared to take greater risks during cold periods.The sequence of return to a feeder, after a life‐like stuffed predator model mounted 1 m from a feeder opening was removed, was positively correlated with dominance status, revealing that subordinates take the greatest predat

ISSN:0019-1019    

DOI:10.1111/j.1474-919X.1988.tb00954.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Six Pink PigeonsColumba=Nesoenas mayerifrom the captive breeding project on Mauritius which showed a range of physical abnormalities were examined clinically andpost mortem.Significant findings included a pedal deformity in several birds and cerebellar hypoplasia/aplasia in another. Parasites were not detected and none of the birds showed serum antibodies to Newcastle disease virus, Paramyxovirus orChlamydia psittaci.The results are of relevance to the captive breeding and management of this endangered species.

ISSN:0019-1019    

DOI:10.1111/j.1474-919X.1988.tb00955.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Whether a male bird is mono‐ or polyterritorial may be determined by several factors, but a polyterritorial system tends to be found when territories are easy to defend, male competition is not great and the period of defence is shor

ISSN:0019-1019    

DOI:10.1111/j.1474-919X.1988.tb00956.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Territorial Nuthatches which are captured and released within their territory generally start to call within a few seconds after release. Birds released outside of their territory and non‐territorial individuals rarely call. This behavioural rule is found in both males and females throughout the year, and was tested experimentally by moving birds from the site of capture and releasing them elsewhere. Birds captured and released near the border of the territory show a higher tendency towards weak or undetermined responses. The generality of the behaviour makes it useful for detecting changes in territorial status of known individuals, or predicting status of unknown individuals. Some hypotheses are presented to explain the functional significance of calling after releas

ISSN:0019-1019    

DOI:10.1111/j.1474-919X.1988.tb00957.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Tidal, temporal and spatial aspects in the abundance of wintering Red‐breasted Mergansers in the Ythan estuary, northeast Scotland, were investigated. The number and location of birds were examined in relation to four variables: tidal cycle and tidal range, and month and time of day. A significant increase in the numbers of this piscivorous bird occurred as the winter progressed. Numbers were highest in early morning and then decreased significantly during the day. Spring tides were favoured over neap tides and a significant increase in numbers was recorded between low tide and high tide. The lower part of the estuary was preferred over the upper part with no detectable shift in the preference occurring in relation to any of the four variable

ISSN:0019-1019    

DOI:10.1111/j.1474-919X.1988.tb00958.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Food selection and food‐seeking behaviour of hand‐raised GoosandersMergus merganserand Red‐breasted MergansersM. serratorwere tested in experimental situations. When different combinations of two species of fish were presented simultaneously to hungry birds in a small trough where the prey was easily and equally available, neither duck species showed any preferences in prey selection. However, when these same fish species were presented to satiated birds, they showed definite preferences; the most preferred species were baltic salmon and brown trout followed in decreasing order by minnow, whitefish, sculpin, burbot and river lamprey. This was also the case when combinations of five to seven species were presented. However, under semi‐natural conditions in a stream tank, the number of each species offish caught was related to their escape behaviour, not to the previously determined predator preferences. When salmon and minnows of different size were presented to hungry birds, they selected the larger fish regardless of species. In contrast, when satiated, they preferred small fish over large fish. Under the experimental conditions, the use of certain elements of foraging behaviour clearly differed between the two bird species:Mergus serratorspent more time hunting underwater than didM. merganser.Results are discussed in relation to the predator‐prey situation existing under natural conditions in northern Swedi

ISSN:0019-1019    

DOI:10.1111/j.1474-919X.1988.tb00959.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY