摘要:

AbstractPersonality disorders pose a major therapeutic challenge in psychiatry. However, a substantial body of research suggests that various pharmacological agents, especially low‐dose neuroleptics, may be useful against affective, cognitive and behavioural symptoms occurring in these patients. It is proposed that a trial of drug treatment, in accordance with the principles outlined in the literature, is a valid strategy in this difficult are

ISSN:0885-6222    

DOI:10.1002/hup.470070102

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA series of five consecutive clinical trials were performed in which the neuropeptide desglycinamide‐(Arg8)‐vasopressin (DGAVP) was administered to human subjects suffering from cognitive and memory complaints. The patients selected for the study were carefully screened with the aid of neuropsychological assessment procedures. The trials were conducted according to a structured design in which the variables ‘dose’, ‘route of administration’, ‘treatment schedule’, ‘diagnostic group’, and ‘severity of deficit’ were varied from trial to trial in order to find optimal conditions for the possible expression of a peptide effect. The results indicate a statistically significant effect of DGAVP on word list learning in patients with mild brain trauma, suggesting that learning performance and memory retrieval are improved after peptide treatment in these patients. Patients with more severe brain trauma did not respond to peptide treatment. Some DGAVP effects, e.g. increased speed of memory search, were observed in patients with age‐a

ISSN:0885-6222    

DOI:10.1002/hup.470070103

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe acute hypnotic effects of hydroxyzine 25 mg and 50 mg nocte, were examined in six male and six female volunteers. Continuous electrophysiological measures (C‐EEG) were taken to assess both nocturnal sleep and sleep tendency the following day. Both doses produced significant reductions in sleep onset latency and decreases in waking during sleep; reciprocal increases in sleep duration were also seen. Female subjects demonstrated a greater hypnotic response, including a dose‐dependent decrease in sleep onset latency. Increases in sleep duration following both doses were significant for the female group alone. C‐EEG measures of increased drowsiness the following day failed to achieve significance; although the largest effects on daytime sleepiness, including dose‐dependent increases, were again seen with the female subject group and corresponded with subjective ratings. These results demonstrate the hypnotic efficacy of hydroxyzine whilst failing to detect significant C‐EEG hangover effects. However, variability in response to antihistamines, registered here as differences between the sexes, requires further cons

ISSN:0885-6222    

DOI:10.1002/hup.470070104

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractOutpatients attending for conservative dental treatment were presented with eight instructions which they were asked to remember. The instructions were either written or spoken, and were in a positive or negative form. Patients treated with nitrous oxide remembered fewer instructions than those treated with local analgesia alone, and this effect of nitrous oxide was particularly marked for written instructions. Patients receiving local analgesia alone were more likely to remember positive than negative instructions in their original syntactical form, but this bias was not evident in the nitrous oxide group. In a second experiment both normal and dentally phobic patients were read dental and general instructions both before and during inhalation of 30 per cent nitrous oxide. Both groups showed a nitrous oxide‐induced reduction in partially recalled instructions. There was interesting evidence for a different attentional bias in our two patient groups. The normal group remembered more general than dental instructions, whereas the phobic group showed the opposite pattern, yielding a significant patient group × type of instruction interacti

ISSN:0885-6222    

DOI:10.1002/hup.470070105

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effects of the benzodiazepine receptor antagonist flumazenil on saccadic eye movements were studied in patients with panic disorder and in controls. Compared with vehicle, flumazenil displayed slight partial agonist effects in that it significantly reduced peak deceleration of eye movements, with a similar but non‐significant trend for peak velocity, in both groups. In controls flumazenil had little in the way of subjective effects whereas in panic patients it produced marked anxiety. The paradoxical responses to flumazenil in panic disorder (partial agonist effects on saccadic eye movements but partial inverse agonist effects on mood) may be due to different receptor subtypes controlling these variable

ISSN:0885-6222    

DOI:10.1002/hup.470070106

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPlatelet [3H]imipramine binding, a putative biological marker for depression, varies considerably among healthy control subjects. This study examined whether changes associated with the menstrual cycle could account for part of this variability. No significant relationship was found betweenBmaxorKdand the phase of the menstrual cycle, or symptoms associated with the premenstrual syndrome or progesterone or oestradiol levels. Other factors should be considered in exploring the variability of[3H]imipramine binding in healthy subjects.

ISSN:0885-6222    

DOI:10.1002/hup.470070107

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0885-6222    

DOI:10.1002/hup.470070108

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFluoxetine (Prozac®) is a potent serotonin (5‐HT) reuptake inhibitor which has rapidly gained popularity as a first‐line antidepressant due to its favourable side‐effect profile. However, it has recently been reported to worsen drug‐induced parkinsonism when used in conjunction with neuroleptics (Bouchardet al., 1989; Tate, 1989; Brod, 1989). Since fluoxetine inhibits hepatic microsomal enzymes, a pharmacokinetic interaction cannot be ruled out in such cases — the drug is known to interact with other psychotropic drugs such as MAO inhibitors (Sternbach, 1988; Feighneret al., 1990) and tricyclic antidepressants (Bell and Cole, 1988; Vaughan, 1988; Goodnick, 1989; Schramlet al., 1989; Kahn, 1990) via this mechanism among others. So far, fluoxetine has not been reported to worsen symptoms in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) who have never received neuroleptics. Bouchardet al.(1989) observed that other selective 5‐HT reuptake inhibitors might exacerbate PD, and Meltzeret al.(1979) described a bipolar patient who developed an acute dystonic reaction, with parkinsonian rigidity and increased serum prolactin when treated with fluoxetine for psychotic depression. Fluoxetine has been implicated in the development of neuroleptic malignant syndrome (Halman and Goldbloom, 1990) and akathisia (Lipinskiet al., 1989; Baldwinet al., 1991), which may also be linked to central dopaminergic blockade. A recent review of extrapyramidal tract disorders in association with fluoxetine and fluvoxamine, another selective 5‐HT uptake blocker, noted the absence of unambiguous cases and the lack of objective documentation of psychopathological and neurological changes, even though evidence for a causal relationship was compelling (Baldwi

ISSN:0885-6222    

DOI:10.1002/hup.470070109

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0885-6222    

DOI:10.1002/hup.470070110

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0885-6222    

DOI:10.1002/hup.470070112

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY