ISSN:0885-6222    

DOI:10.1002/hup.470010102

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis review attempts to assess critically the evidence which implicates a disorder of CNS neurotransmission in the aetiology of depression. Evidence for such a disorder has been obtained from changes in neuroendocrine function and in the activity of neurotransmitter receptors located on platelets and lymphocytes of depressed patients. Such studies are important not only because they give an insight into the possible biochemical basis of the illness, but also because they may be used as markers for the onset of depression and of response to treatment. The review concludes with a brief assessment of the change in immune responsiveness which may be associated with the onset of depression. Such studies support the view that the biological changes occurring in depression are not restricted to the brain and therefore open up the possibility that biochemical tests based on analysis of a blood sample may form a useful adjunct to clinical assessment.

ISSN:0885-6222    

DOI:10.1002/hup.470010103

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSerum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of fluphenazine (FPZ) were measured during nine weeks of FPZ medication in 28 patients with acute symptoms of schizophrenia. A significant correlation was found between the serum and CSF FPZ values (r= 0·70,p<0·001) throughout the entire study. Patients exhibiting marked clinical improvement (MCI) had higher levels of serum and CSF FPZ than did patients showing only slight clinical improvement (SCI) or those with no treatment response (NTR). The differences between the MCI and the NTR group were at most observation points statistically significant (p<0·05). The figures of the SCI group formed an intermediate curve between the serum and CSF FPZ curve of the MCI and the NTR patients.The serum and the CSF levels of FPZ were not significantly related to such variables as age, sex, duration of illness, number of previous psychotic episodes, or subtype of schizophren

ISSN:0885-6222    

DOI:10.1002/hup.470010104

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe determined erythrocyte folate in normal subjects (blood donors) as well as in manic‐‐depressive patients before the start of prophylactic lithium treatment and at various times during the treatment. Before treatment the patients' erythrocyte folate was 25 per cent lower and after 6 months of treatment it was 10 per cent lower than the control value. Thereafter patient values and control values did not differ. Lithium treatment accordingly normalised on abnormal folate balance, but it is also possible that lithium in itself may have elevated erythrocyte folate. This is supported by animal data. Rats were given ordinary food and food containing lithium. After eight weeks erythrocyte folate was 27 per cent higher in the lithium‐treated rats than in the controls. Our study does not support the notion that folate supplements are required during lithium th

ISSN:0885-6222    

DOI:10.1002/hup.470010105

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA challenge test of clonidine (1·5 ug kg−1i.v.) was given to 8 male volunteers, before, after a single acute dose of diazepam (15 mg the previous night), after 3 weeks chronic treatment with diazepam (25 mg/d) and in the withdrawal phase, 4–5 days after stopping diazepam. The effect of clonidine was measured on the clonidine‐induced growth hormone release, hypotension, bradycardia and sedation. Baseline (pre‐clonidine) measures of these, with the exception of increased sedation during the acute treatment, were unaltered during treatment. Clonidine‐induced growth hormone and sedation responses were not different between tests however enhanced hypotension was observed in the chronic phase. These results are discussed in the light of the mechanisms of tolerance development t

ISSN:0885-6222    

DOI:10.1002/hup.470010106

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn a 2 week comparative trial between lormetazepam (LMA) and temazepam (TEM) in 162 insomniac patients, Critical Flicker Fusion Threshhold (CFFT) and Digit Symbol Substitution (DSS) tests were performed, pre‐treatment and at days 7 and 14. With neither drug was there any difference in CFFT, but highly significant improvement in DSS (p<0.001). Patients completed daily visual analogue scales concerned with various sleep parameters and daytime effects. Sleep was significantly improved with both drugs from day 1 onwards, as were daytime general wellbeing and alertness. There was significant improvement in daytime balance and coordination in the LMA group (p<0·001 by day 14) but not in the TEM group. Daytime anxiety improved significantly in both groups, but on day 14 this improvement was still significant in the LMA group (p<0·001) but not in the TEM group. The incidence of daytime fatigue (p<0·001), drowsiness (p<0·02) and headache (p<0·001) were significantlyreducedwith LMA and daytime fatigue (p<0·01) and headache (p<0·001) with TEM, but with no significant between group differences. Theseverityof daytime fatigue was significantly less with LMA than with TEM

ISSN:0885-6222    

DOI:10.1002/hup.470010107

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0885-6222    

DOI:10.1002/hup.470010108

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0885-6222    

DOI:10.1002/hup.470010109

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper describes a longitudinal analysis of the frequency of publications over the period 1850–1984 about the biology, the pharmacology and the clinical use of lithium. Distinct phases reflect the various uses of lithium – antimanic, prophylactic and medical – but also reveal concern about unwanted effects, interest in mode of action, and search for valid alterna

ISSN:0885-6222    

DOI:10.1002/hup.470010110

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0885-6222    

DOI:10.1002/hup.470010111

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY