ISSN:0885-6222    

DOI:10.1002/hup.470030102

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effects of zopiclone 7.5 and 15 mg, triazolam 0.25 and 0.5 mg, flunitrazepam 1 and 2 mg, ethanol and placebo on performance, mood and sleep onset latency after partial sleep deprivation, were compared in a randomized, double‐blind, crossover, single‐dose study. Sixteen healthy volunteers of both sexes, aged 21–31 years, were included in the study. The overall assessment of the total psychological measurement indicated that zopiclone 7.5 mg, triazolam 0.25 mg and ethanol (Cmax= 0.40 parts per thousand) did not affect the daytime performance of an unacceptable degree even when given late at light. The findings for flunitrazepam 1 mg were not so uniform, but also seemed acceptable. Zopiclone 15 mg, triazolam 0.5 mg and flunitrazepam 2 mg were rated as not acceptable alternatives. No significant differences were shown concerning mood. The overall assessment for sleep onset latency and subjective alertness indicated that zopiclone 7.5 mg and triazolam 0.25 mg had a more appropriate profile than the other drugs and doses t

ISSN:0885-6222    

DOI:10.1002/hup.470030103

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTen healthy female volunteers received single doses of amitriptyline 50 mg (AMI); mianserin 20 mg (MIA); trazodone 50 mg (TRA); paroxetine 30 mg (PAR) and placebo (PLA), with or without a ‘social’ dose of alcohol (ALC) in a double‐blind, balanced crossover study where each subject acted as her own control.Psychomotor activity related to car handling ability was measured on a battery of tests at 1.5 and 4 h following study drug. The tests included tracking accuracy (RMS) and latency of response to a peripheral stimulus (RT) as measures of sensorimotor co‐ordination; the Maddox Wing test (MW) for the balance of extraocular muscles; critical flicker fusion threshold (CFF) for overall levels of CNS activity; choice reaction time (CRT) for psychomotor performance and the latency of brake reaction time (BRT) measured in a driving simulator. Subjective ratings of sedation were measured on line analogue ratings scales (VARS) and the Leeds Sleep Evaluation Questionnaire (LSEQ).When compared to PLA on objective tests, AMI significantly impaired RMS, RT, MW and CFF at 4 h post‐drug and AMI + ALC similarly impaired the same measures and BRT. MIA produced a significant impairment of RT, MW, CFF and CRT at both 1.5 and 4 h. MIA + ALC further impaired RMS at 1.5 and 4 h and BRT at 4 h. TRA showed a detrimental activity on CFF at 1.5 h and CFF, RT, MW and BRT at 4 h. TRA + ALC produced a greater effect than TRA alone at 1.5 h and significantly impaired RT, MW, TRT, BRT. There were no significant effects of TRA + ALC at 4 h. PAR alone had no measurable effect on any of the test measures at either 1.5 or 4 h after treatment. PAR + ALC impaired RT at 1.5 and 4 h but had no effect on any other measures at either test times. Indeed, compared to PLA, CFF levels were significantly improved at 4 h following both PAR and PAR + ALC and improvements in RRT were also measured 4 h after taking PAR.Subjective measures (VARS) compared to placebo, show AMI at 4 h and AMI + ALC at 1.5 and 4 h, both MIA and MIA + ALC after 1.5 and 4 h, TRA + ALC after 1.5 h and PAR + ALC at 4 h to have significant sedative activity.In this placebo‐controlled study, acute doses of AMI 50 mg, MIA 20 mg and TRA 50 mg alone and with alcohol showed evidence both of significant impairment of psychomotor skills related to vehicle handling and of perceived sedation at 1.5 and / or 4 h following treatment. Under identical circumstances PAR 30 mg produced no detrimental effect on any of the test measures, there was an impairment with PAR + ALC of one component of a divided attention task and on a subjective measurement

ISSN:0885-6222    

DOI:10.1002/hup.470030104

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA study was designed to test whether anterograde impairments of memory caused by benzodiazepines are dependent on the depth at which information is processed. The effects of two dose levels of two benzodiazepines (lorazepam 1, 2 mg; oxazepam 15, 30 mg) and a placebo were compared using a double‐blind, independent group design with 45 healthy, human volunteers. Subjects given benzodiazepines were slower in processing semantic information than subjects given placebo. The two benzodiazepines caused dose‐related impairments in retention in recognition testing, but these impairments did not depend on the level at which information had been initially processed. It was concluded that the levels of processing framework is inappropriate for conceptualizing the amnesic properties of benzodiazepi

ISSN:0885-6222    

DOI:10.1002/hup.470030105

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe present study was conducted to determine the degree to which impairments in attention accompany the memory deficits produced by scopolamine. Eighteen healthy young volunteers received scopolamine 0·6 mg subcutaneously on three experimental sessions and placebo on three others. On each session, prior to, and 60 min after injection, the subjects underwent an automated computerized battery of 11 cognitive tasks. The study was run double‐blind and the order of treatment conditions over successive visits was counterbalanced between subjects. Scopolamine produced marked and significant decrements on all major aspects of performance from the battery. The drug lowered the efficiency of the detection and processing of information in tests of visual vigilance, rapid information processing, choice reaction, letter cancellation and logical reasoning. These effects were accompanied by a lowering of critical flicker‐fusion frequency and subjective alertness. Memory was also impaired on tests of immediate recall, delayed recall, recognition and memory scanning. These findings confirm and extend previous work, demonstrating that scopolamine impairs the selection and evaluation of environmental information, as well as reducing the likelihood of information being subsequently recalled or recognized. Whether the former effects contribute to the latter is not known, but this must be considered a possibility. This potential role of processing deficits in memory loss associated with cholinergic blockade is briefly considered in relation to the cholinergic hypothesis of geriatric memory

ISSN:0885-6222    

DOI:10.1002/hup.470030106

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe studied the effect of the α2‐adrenoceptor agonist, clonidine, and bright artificial light (>2500 lux) on the nocturnal increase in plasma melatonin in normal subjects. Clonidine (1.5 μg/kg, intravenously) was without effect on plasma melatonin concentration. In contrast, bright light treatment abolished the increase in night‐time melatonin. Bright light is a simple and effective means of altering melatonin secretion in h

ISSN:0885-6222    

DOI:10.1002/hup.470030107

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSeventeen healthy volunters in three groups received no treatment, or 25 or 50 mg doses of amitriptyline. Maximal measured concentrations of amitriptyline occurred at 4 h post‐dosage. There was a dose‐dependent change in performance of a digit symbol substitution test. Visual analogue scales measuring drowsiness, speed of thinking, and lethargy were sensitive to the drug. The low dose induced no blood pressure changes, but tachycardia occurred. The higher dose induced hypotension with bradycardia, a hitherto undocumented reaction to the d

ISSN:0885-6222    

DOI:10.1002/hup.470030108

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSeveral factors are believed to contribute to impaired responsiveness to arginine vasopressin (AVP) during lithium treatment. The renal kallikrein–kinin system is reported to antagonize the renal effects of AVPin vitrobut there are no reports of its activity during lithium treatment. Urinary active kallikrein excretion in 18 lithium‐treated patients was found to be lower than that in eight healthy volunteers. Following intravenous administration of an AVP analogue, des‐amino‐D‐arginine‐vasopressin, to the lithium‐treated patients, the urinary excretion of active kallikrein was unchanged, despite an impaired urine‐concentrating ability. These results suggest that stimulation of renal kallikrein does not contribute to inhibition of the action of AVP, and thus the genesis of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus during li

ISSN:0885-6222    

DOI:10.1002/hup.470030109

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractForty‐five women were referred to the premenstrual syndrome (PMS) clinic by their general practitioners over a 2‐year period; 24 were included in the study. For 2 months they attended the clinic weekly, where they completed a menstrual distress questionnaire and self‐rating scales relating to depression and anxiety. They also kept a daily record of their symptoms. After this observation period the presence of ‘nervous symptoms’ limited to the premenstrual phase of the menstrual cycle was found in only 12 subjects. These women were randomly allocated to receive either Efamol in combination with Efavit or placebo for 2 months. The following 2‐month washout period was succeeded by a crossover to the other treatment regimen. Ten women completed the trial. The results showed that the depression and anxiety scores improved during the medication months, but that there was no difference between active therapy

ISSN:0885-6222    

DOI:10.1002/hup.470030110

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTolerance to the hypothermic effect of ethanol (Et–OH) developed in male Wistar rats treated daily with 5 g/kg of 20 per cent ET–OH v/v i.g. for 6 days. On Day 6 Et–OH treatment was discontinued and the animals were divided into two groups injected into the nucleus accumbens septi (NAS), either with pGlu‐His‐Pro‐NH2(TRH) or saline. The peptide was injected via permanently implanted cannulae in doses of 10 or 30 m̈g in 0.5 m̈l on each side once daily. The effect of such treatment on the maintenance of Et–OH tolerance was assessed by measuring the temperature decrement in response to a challenge dose of Et–OH (5 g/kg i.p.) given on Day 10. It was found that in saline‐treated rats the initial tolerance declined. TRH‐injected groups exhibited constantly low response to hypothermic action of Et–OH. In a control experiment TRH was shown to have no effect on the body temperature after intra‐accumbens applic

ISSN:0885-6222    

DOI:10.1002/hup.470030111

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY