摘要:

SummaryThe rates of consanguinity among the parents of babies born in Israel during 1955‐57 were estimated by screening the maternity wards. First‐cousin marriages ranged between 1 and 2 % in Ashkenazic Jews, while the majority of the other Jewish communities exhibited far higher rates of consanguinity.There is little basis for the assumption that the incidence of cousin marriages in Jewish groups reflects the sizes of the isolates in the diaspora. The non‐randomness of such unions finds expression in the distinct preference for marriages between the children of like‐sexed sibs.Cousin marriages between persons originating from different countries testify to some amount of gene flow, which occurred in the recent past between the different groups in the diaspora.Among several ethnic groups, the marriages concluded after immigration to Israel exhibit a trend towards declining consanguinity rates. While this tendency might merely indicate the break‐up of the smaller isolates, which have hitherto existed within the communities, a process of mergingbetweenthese larger units has also set in on a very large scale. Ashkenazic Jews originating from different countries intermarry at an increasing rate. At present only a minority of persons belonging to the smaller Ashkenazic groups choose partners of identical origin. Around 10 % of Ashkenazic Jews contract marriages with members of the other communities. Intercommunity marriages between the various non‐Ashkenazic congregations are also very common.A rough estimate of the genetic risk involved in consanguineous unions was obtained by comparing the mean numbers of live children after different durations of marriage in cousin families and others. In two out of five such comparisons, the cousin families exhibited a small but significant disadvantage. However, no difference in family size could be detected between mothers, who are offspring of first cousins and all other mothers in the sample.We are greatly indebted to Dr Shaul Merin, who participated in some of the field work during this survey. In the sorting and evaluation of the data we were assisted by Fredy Gruber, Sarah Rapaport, Navah Bloch and Elisheva Barak.It is a pleasure to acknowledge the courtesy and co‐operation of the medical authorities and the nursing staff of the following maternity wards: Rambam Government Hospital, Haifa; Rothschild Municipal Hospital, Haifa; Hadassah Municipal Hospital, Hakirya, Tel‐Aviv; Governmental Hospital, Tsahalon Division, Jaffa, T.A.; Beilinson Hospital, Petah‐Tiqwa; Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem; Bikur Holim General Hospital, Jerusalem; Shaarei Tzedek, General Hospital, Jerusalem.We are also much obliged to Prof. R. Bachi, Director of the Central Bureau of Statistics, Government of Israel, for consultatio

ISSN:0003-4800    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-1809.1960.tb01732.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1960

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe karyotype of two chromatin‐negative patients with Turner's syndrome has been studied in somatic cells continuously culturedin vitro.In both cases the cells displayed a complement of forty‐five chromosomes. The sex chromosomes were considered to be of theXOtype.The somatic cell karyotype of the parents of one of the patients was also studied and found to be normal.Two other female patients with a tentative clinical diagnosis of gonadal dysgenesis and with a positive sex chromatin pattern were found to have a normal female karyotype.It is proposed to restrict the term of ‘Turner's syndrome’ to those individuals whose sex chromosome constitution is of theXOtype.We are very much indebted to Prof. B. Vahlquist, director of the Paediatric Clinic of the University Hospital, Uppsala, for permission to quote in this paper a summary of the results of the clinical examination of patients K.E. and A.H.The skilful technical assistance of Miss E. B. Larsson with the cell culture and the photographic work is gratefully acknowledged.This research has been aided in part by a grant from the Swedish Cancer

ISSN:0003-4800    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-1809.1960.tb01733.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1960

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0003-4800    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-1809.1960.tb01734.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1960

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryWe have put Fisher's theory of the control of the sex ratio by Natural Selection on an analytic basis. This has enabled us to derive an expression for the selective advantage attached to reproduction with a given sex ratio, and to show that this depends on the sex ratio at the end of the period in which the offspring incur expenditure by their parents. It is this sex ratio which is probably stabilized near the value one‐half by Natural Selection. The rate of approach of a population to its equilibrium sex ratio depends on the available genetic variance in the sex ratio, and since this is probably small, evolutionary changes in the sex ratio of natural populations will almost certainly be too slow to detec

ISSN:0003-4800    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-1809.1960.tb01735.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1960

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryIn an analysis of data on the human sex ratio, comprising some 23,700 births, we have been unable to find any evidence that the determination of sex is not a chance effect. We have tested for variations of the probability of a birth being male between families, and between births; for the existence of a correlation between the sexes of births separated by none, one, and two other births in a family; and whether the continuation of procreation in a family is influenced by the sexes of the children previously born.We compare our result with findings from other samples, and conclude that it would be unwise to draw any general biological inferences.We wish to thank Prof. J. A. Book for permission to use the data. The original tabulation was made on the initiative of the late Prof. G. Dahlberg by Mr E. Lander, to whom we are very much indebted for valuable advice.One of us (A.W.F.E.) is particularly grateful to the Scandinavian Studies Fund of the University of Cambridge for financial help.

ISSN:0003-4800    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-1809.1960.tb01736.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1960

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryA valueS2, the sum of squares of deviations of the ten separate finger ridge‐counts from their mean, has been used as a measure of the diversity between the digits of an individual.Familial correlations have been estimated using adiversity index, the function(S/√10), which is more symmetrically distributed thanS2in a population sample (though the distribution is not Gaussian).Parent‐child, sib‐pair and dizygotic twin‐pair correlations are approximately 1/4, while the monozygotic twin correlation coefficient is 0–73 ± 0–06.It is concluded that the diversity of the ridge‐count from finger to finger has a genetic basis, but environmental influences during early pre‐natal development have a considerable effect.S2values for parents, children, additional sibs and twins are given in the Appendix.The data used for this paper are filed in the Archives at the

ISSN:0003-4800    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-1809.1960.tb01737.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1960

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe results presented are compatible with the hypothesis that Lewis (Le, le) and secretor (Se, se) are two independent loci which interact in the phenotype (Ceppellini, 1955a,b). The special feature of the Fulani and Habe is that the phenotype frequencies of non‐secretor and Le – are different from those which have been observed in other populations, and yet the independence of Lewis and secretor has again been demonstrated. Family studies in the Habe appear to be in good agreement with the hypothesis that Le – is recessive.The field work was supported by grants to one of us (D. F. R.) from the Colonial Development and Welfare Fund, and from the Nuffield Foundation. For gifts of antisera we are indebted to Dr I. Dunsford and Dr A. E. Mourant. We are grateful to Dr J. P. Garlick for much useful information, and to Mrs K. Lele and Miss L. Gorman for technical assis

ISSN:0003-4800    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-1809.1960.tb01738.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1960

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary1. Two families are reported in which linkage between the gene controlling ovalocytosis and that of theRhesusblood group complex is present. In those individuals where cross‐overs could have been detected none was in fact found in either family.2. In the first pedigree the propositus was a West African negro of genotypecDe/cde (RQr)and as far as we know this is the first time that the linkage with ovalocytosis has been shown to occur with thecDeRhesus combination.3. In family I some of the relatives of the propositus were found to be sicklers and the data suggest the possibility that the locus controlling the trait is linked with that of blood groupP.However, the findings could easily be due to chance and further pedigrees need to be investigate

ISSN:0003-4800    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-1809.1960.tb01739.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1960

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:The Chemistry of Heredity. By S. ZamenhofNatural Selection in Human Populations. Edited by D. F. Robertsand G. A. HarrisonHuman Biochemical Genetics. By H. HarrisVaganten, Komódianten, Fieranten und Briganten. Untersuchungen zum Vagantenproblem an vagierenden Bevölkerungsgruppen vorwiegend der Pfalz. By Medizinalrat Dr HermannArnoldHeredity and Evolution in Human Populations. By L. C. DunnRapid Statistical Calculations. By M. H. QuenouilleThe CIBA Foundation Colloquia on Ageing. Vol. 5. The Lifespan of Animals. Ed. by Dr G. E. W. Wolstenholmeand MaeveO'ConnorA Clinical and Genetico‐Statistical Study of Schizophrenia and Low‐grade Mental Deficiency in a Large Swedish Rural Population. By B. Hallgrenand TorstenSjögrenRetinitis Pigmentosa Combined with Congenital Deafness; with Vestibulocerebellar Ataxia and Mental Abnormality in a Proportion of Cases. By B. H

ISSN:0003-4800    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-1809.1960.tb01740.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1960

数据来源: WILEY