ISSN:0160-6891    

DOI:10.1002/nur.4770030102

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSocial dependence was defined in terms of three capacities identified as necessary for the performance of an adult role. The three capacities are everyday self‐care competence, mobility competence, and social competence. Measurement of these concepts was facilitated through the use of 12 6‐point scales (4 for each capacity). Scores were then computed for each capacity (range 4–24) and for all three capacities together (range 12–72). Operationally, social dependence was defined as the sum of the individual's scores in the three areas: everyday self‐care competence, mobility competence, and social competence. The revised instrument was tested on 60 subjects with advanced diseases to determine its reliability. The reliability coefficient alpha was .90, and the standardized‐item al

ISSN:0160-6891    

DOI:10.1002/nur.4770030103

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe authors would like to express appreciation to the following: Pediatric Lakewood Office of Colorado Permanente Medical Group, particularly chief pediatrician Virgil A. LaFleur, M.D., for assisting in the recruitment of subjects; Dr. Laura Driscoll and Dr. Patricia Prescott for their extensive contribution of time, effort, and expertise in analyzing data; Gerber Baby Food Company, Apple Tree Fruit Juice Company, Del Monte Fruit Company, Tillie Lewis Diet Foods, and Welch's Grape Juice for donations of sugar‐free fruits and juices. This is a report of research on whether or not the addition of sugar to foods consumed by babies early in their feeding significantly alters later preference for sweetened or unsweetened foods. Twenty control babies were fed regular baby food (which already has additional sugar) for the first 3 months of their solid‐food feeding experience; 20 experimental babies were fed a diet with no added sugar for a similar time period. The two groups were then studied during a 4‐week period in which they were randomly assigned to four different sequences of sweetened and unsweetened food. Their reactions to sweetened and unsweetened food were scored according to parental interpretation of their preferences and according to how much food they consumed. Neither group was found to prefer sweetened or unsweetened food. This finding is in contradiction of other studies and common lay and clinical views that infants prefer sweetened foods. It would seem that if babies do not prefer sweet foods, there is certainly no reason to add sugar to commercial pro

ISSN:0160-6891    

DOI:10.1002/nur.4770030104

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTwo groups of chronically ill patients, alike in some respects of psychological stress and physical limitations but differing in degrees of physical threat to life because of treatment, were compared in terms of quality of life. Twenty patients undergoing hemodialysis at a satellite center and 20 patients with severe osteoarthritis receiving care at a hospital clinic, ranging in age from 40 to 60 years, were randomly selected and asked to rate themselves on Cantril's self‐anchoring scale in relation to past, present, and future life satisfaction. An ANOVA for simple main effects indicated that patients undergoing hemodialysis viewed present life satisfaction significantly higher,F= 4.81,p<.05, than did patients with arthritis. Expectation for greater life satisfaction tended to be slightly better for dialysis patients, but not significantly so; past life satisfaction was the same for both groups. Dialysis patients viewed their present life better than past life, whereas arthritis patients had the opposite viewpoint. The increased life satisfaction among dialysis patients may be the result of an increased sense of physical well‐being because of the dialysis procedure, and chronic pain may be a factor in the decreased life satisfaction among arthritis patie

ISSN:0160-6891    

DOI:10.1002/nur.4770030105

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to estimate the interrater reliability for two instruments designed to measure the quality of nursing care. The two instruments tested were the Quality Patient Care Scale (QualPacs) and the Methodology for Monitoring Quality of Nursing Care (Rush‐Medicus instrument). The following minimal standards were proposed for evaluating the results of interrater reliability: (a) the ICC estimate obtained must have a value of at least .75, and (b) the 95% confidence interval should not include zero, in order to ensure that the obtained value differs from zero in a nonchance fashion. The results demonstrated that the QualPacs instrument did not meet these criteria in any instance for the six subscales and one total‐scale score for two sets of observers in two replications. The Rush‐Medicus instrument met the criteria in only 12 of 20 instances of testing (five of the six subscales for two sets of observers in two replications). The authors highly recommend the routine performance of interrater reliability testing using the ICC prior to and during data collection and acceptance of the minimal standards of empirical verification suggested previ

ISSN:0160-6891    

DOI:10.1002/nur.4770030106

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractQuestionnaires were sent to 90 women who had participated in a lay postpartum support group program to determine (a) the characteristics of the women who used this form of support, (b) the needs met by the group, (c) the types of discussions most meaningful to group members, and (d) the factors that influenced the group's effectiveness in providing support. Sixty‐six questionnaires were returned. The respondents were older, better educated, and more affluent than a random sample of childbearing women. They joined the group primarily to meet other women going through the same experience with whom they could share ideas and feelings. The most meaningful discussions for these women focused on personal issues rather than infant‐related issues. The presence of babies at group meetings adversely affected the regularity of attendance. Women who worked outside the home were significantly more likely to continue meeting with the group for over a year. Only 7 women thought the group would have been better for them if their husbands had been pres

ISSN:0160-6891    

DOI:10.1002/nur.4770030107

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0160-6891    

DOI:10.1002/nur.4770030108

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0160-6891    

DOI:10.1002/nur.4770030101

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY