ISSN:0160-6891    

DOI:10.1002/nur.4770160102

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA proposed multiyear plan of funding mechanisms by the National Center for Nursing Research (NCNR) to increase the use of biological theory and measurements in nursing research has been developed for both research training and research programs. The objectives of the research training programs are (a) to develop a cadre of nurse scientists with solid research training in the biological sciences, (b) to upgrade to state‐of‐the‐art biological research for midcareer nurse scientists, and (c) to ensure adequate highly trained biological‐nurse manpower will be available to accomplish the nation's nursing research agenda. The objectives of the research programs are (a) to stimulate nurse scientists to undertake novel, innovative research using state‐of‐the‐art biological technology, (b) to link the behavioral and biological underpinnings of nursing science in specified areas of biomedical clinical research, and (c) to ensure that, in the coming decade, nursing science and behavioral research will be inextricably interwoven with biological research. The research training programs include: targeted predoctoral‐postdoctoral transitional training, targeted predoctoral or postdoctoral fellowships, training awards for existing institutional training grants in other disciplines, mid‐career awards, the Nurse Scientist award, and institutional training grants for biological nursing. The research programs include: small grants programs, augmentation of existing projects in other Institutes, Requests For Applications (RFA) in biobehavioral nursing, cluster studies, and clinical trials. © 1993 Jo

ISSN:0160-6891    

DOI:10.1002/nur.4770160103

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe efficacy and differential effects of specialized (S) and traditional (T) AIDS education programs on cognitive, behavioral, and psychological outcomes were investigated. The sample consisted of 858 impoverished African‐American and Latina women (S = 448, T = 410). At baseline, women in the traditional group reported significantly higher distress, greater knowledge of AIDS, and less problem‐focused coping. Significant improvements over the 2‐week intervention interval were found for participants of both AIDS education programs for appraisal of threat, concerns, knowledge, and attitudes about AIDS, emotion‐focused coping, number of sexual partners, IV and non‐IV drug use, depression, and distress. However, multivariate analysis indicated that the traditional group had slightly better posttest scores on concerns, emotionfocused coping, knowledge of AIDS, and number of partners than the specialized group. The specialized group reported greater use of problem‐focused coping. These differences do not detract from the substantial improvement found for both groups, but they do reinforce the conclusion that the specialized program was not more effective than its standard counterpart. © 1993 John Wil

ISSN:0160-6891    

DOI:10.1002/nur.4770160104

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to test a causal model developed from a theoretical formulation of the health consequences of loneliness in adolescents. The sample consisted of 325 adolescents, ages 12 to 21. Data were obtained in classroom settings on the variables of age, gender, and loneliness on one testing date; and on the variables of introspectiveness, symptom patterns, and perceived health status on another testing date 1 week later. The causal model was tested via the LISREL 7 program. By all indicators used in this study, there was a very good fit of the overidentified model with the data, the causal relationships predicted in the model were correctly specified, and modification of the model was not indicated. The results indicated that loneliness contributed to introspectiveness, that both loneliness and introspectiveness contributed to the reporting of symptom patterns, and that all of the aforementioned variables contributed directly and/or indirectly to a less positive perception of health status among adolescents. A vast majority of the direct and indirect effects of age and gender predicted on other variables in the model were supported. © 1993 John Wiley&Sons, Inc

ISSN:0160-6891    

DOI:10.1002/nur.4770160105

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of maternal employment on child development and family functioning for families with preterm infants. Data were collected in the family's home (N= 67) when the infant was 3,9, and 12 months of age. Maternal employment at 3 months had little effect on 9‐ and 12‐month child mental or psychomotor development or on family cohesion, adaptability, or satisfaction. Maternal employment attitude/behavior consistency was a significant predictor of psychomotor development. Choice in the employment decision at 3 months was positively related to both mental and psychomotor development at 9 and 12 months for nonemployed mothers. © 1993 John Wiley&Sons,

ISSN:0160-6891    

DOI:10.1002/nur.4770160106

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe partner relationship of 153 women hospitalized for a high‐risk pregnancy, 75 of their partners, 218 women who experienced a low‐risk pregnancy and 147 of their partners was studied to determine risk‐status or gender differences at pregnancy, the postpartal hospitalization, 1, 4, and 8 months following birth. A theoretical causal model predicting partner relationships was tested, followed by model respecification to derive the best explanatory model for each group. No differences were observed between low‐ and high‐risk mothers' partner relationship; however, high‐risk fathers scored lower than low‐risk fathers. Partner relationships for all groups were significantly higher during pregnancy and at birth than at 4 and 8 months after birth. Respecified models explained from 26% to 63% of the variance in partner relationship during pregnancy, and from 31% to 52% at 8 months after birth. © 1993 John W

ISSN:0160-6891    

DOI:10.1002/nur.4770160107

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDevelopment of the Everyday Indicators of Impaired Cognition (EIIC) Scale to assess nursing home residents for performance errors in four domains of cognitive functioning is reported. The EIIC had strong content validity, with indices ranging from 0.7 to 1.0. Factor analyses of data from two independent samples (N= 198,N= 107) confirmed four factors: abstract thinking, judgment, language, and spatial skills. Cronbach's alpha for subscales ranged from 0.67 to 0.92; testretest reliabilities ranged from 0.49 to 0.80 with higher reliabilities occurring when time of retest matched time of original testing. Overall EIIC scores correlated to the short Memory‐Orientation‐Concentration (MOC) test and the Mini‐Mental Status Examination (MMSE) at values supporting convergent validity (r= 0.67 and −0.74, respectively). Evidence for divergent validity is a small, negative, nonsignificant correlations (r= −0.15, −0.18) of the EIIC at Times 1 and 2 to the Bradburn Affect Balance Scale. © 1993 John Wil

ISSN:0160-6891    

DOI:10.1002/nur.4770160108

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA 5‐year retrospective cohort study of 404 nurses hired during a 2‐year period in five hospitals was conducted in order to explore withdrawal behavior exhibited by 76% of them. Three with‐drawal behaviors were examined and compared: turnover, absenteeism, and systematic reduction in participation (reduced work schedules). In two separate regressions, systematic reduction in participation (SRP) and turnover were each regressed on absenteeism, after controlling for six organizational and demographic variables. The relationship between absenteeism and each of the other two behaviors was significant, but opposite in effect. Systematic reduction in participation was found to be an important source of nursing resource loss in some, but not all, hospitals. © 1993 John Wiley&Son

ISSN:0160-6891    

DOI:10.1002/nur.4770160109

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis article is the second and concluding part of a discussion of the importance of sensitivity to change in selecting an outcome measure for a study evaluating a nursing intervention. In Part One of the discussion, (Stewart&Archbold, 1992) the relative lack of attention to measurement sensitivity in the nursing and measurement literature was described. Three factors to consider in selecting an outcome measure for an intervention study were reviewed: the conceptual link between the intervention and the outcome variable, the extent to which the outcome variable is amenable to change, and content validity. In Part Two, four additional factors are discussed: construct validity, distribution of scores on the outcome measure, reliability, and correlational stability over time. © 1993 John Wiley&Sons, Inc

ISSN:0160-6891    

DOI:10.1002/nur.4770160110

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0160-6891    

DOI:10.1002/nur.4770160111

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY