ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1988.tb01385.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In this paper the recently proposed developments in nursing edueation within the United Kingdom are discussed within a historical context. Since a number of nursing departments already exist within the higher education sector (comprising universities, polytechnics and colleges of technology), it is suggested that use should be made of the experience already gained by nurses working within higher education. The pros and cons of nurse education being provided in or associated with higher education are discussed. Theoretical perspectives from change theory are applied. The importance of educating the practitioner for a holistic and community‐based role is stresse

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1988.tb01386.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Professionals commonly advise parents of disabled children to raise their children as they would children who were not disabled. The purpose of this study was to describe the management styles used by the parents of 15 children and adolescents with osteogenesis imperfecta. In particular, the behavioural strategies related to providing a normalized existence for the child and the family are discussed. Sources of threats, validation, and support for the process are also described. The convenience sample of parents was selected from the appointment calendar of a specialty clinic in a midwestern philanthropic, paediatric‐orthopaedic referral hospital. Qualitative interview data were gathered using a semi‐structured guide. During interviews parents described behavioural strategies they used to normalize their child's and family life. Data were analysed using a previously developed framework of normalization. This work of normalization was described as a constant process of active accommodation to the changing physical and emotional needs of the child or adolescent. It was initiated out of practical necessity at birth as a conscious solution to problems with activities of daily living, relating to the child, and engaging in family activities. Certain events constituted ‘threats’ to normalization and served as an impetus for parents to alter behavioural strategies. Implications for clinical practice and research are exp

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1988.tb01387.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Tedium assessment and factor analysis of psychosocial variables were performed in 158 insulin‐dependent diabetic patients. High tedium scores correlated significantly (P<0.05) with high education, lack of self‐monitoring, many reported problems concerning insulin injections, diet, strict planning of the activities of everyday life and anxiety concerning complications. There was also a significant relationship between low tedium scores and reported positive effects of the diabetes. There was a higher proportion (ns) of high tedium scores among patients in poor or good metabolic control than in those with intermediate metabolic cont

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1988.tb01388.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The rationale for a research‐orientated approach to health visiting is discussed and the application of research material adapted from the behavioural sciences to the study of health visiting practice is considered. A study using the ‘matched guise’ technique was conducted to determine health visitor student attitudes to accent. The sample consisted of 72 female students from three colleges in the south east of England. Each set of students was randomly divided into a control and variable group. An actor read the stimulus material in four different guises: south east educated accent, Birmingham, Yorkshire and Asian accented English. The control group heard the prestige south east educated accent and the second group heard one of three other accents which acted as the variable. The subjects were then asked to rate the speaker's personality on 17 bipolar scales of personality traits. Significant results were obtained on the personality ratings, but this pattern did not reflect previous research findings. Overall subject scores showed that the speaker was rated as favourably when using the Birmingham, Yorkshire and south east accented English, but significantly less favourably when using the Asian accented English. The possible reasons for these results and the implications for health visiting are disc

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1988.tb01389.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The measurement of clinical skills performance continues to pose a challenge for nurse educators. This paper will report on the use of the objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) to measure the psychomotor learning outcomes of a programme designed to assist students to learn to conduct a nursing neurological examination. The OSCE has a tradition in medicine, having been developed by Ronald Harden in Scotland and first reported in the British Medical Journal in 1975, The University of Ottawa has the longest North American experience with this type of evaluation procedure and there is an increasingly rich medical literature referring to the OSCE, Although the OSCE appears to be a promising method for evaluating competence in the performance of clinical skills, there are no studies in the nursing literature examining the use ofthe OSCE as a method for evaluating the performance of clinical skills by nurses. Our experience suggests that the OSCE may be a powerful tool in the evaluation of clinical competence in nursing and that it may also be an effective facilitator for learning to perform clinical skills in nursing.

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1988.tb01390.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

At their entry to training, student teachers and nurses (pupils, general students and paediatric students) completed a questionnaire and were interviewed about their knowledge and opinion of smoking as a health hazard. This was repeated a year later. The nurses and student teachers did not differ in their knowledge of eight smoking‐related diseases at their entry to training, but the nurses were less willing to acknowledge the importance of smoking as a health problem. This was in part related to differences in their smoking behaviour, smokers being less likely to perceive smoking as a hazard than non‐smokers. Smokers were also more likely to express doubts about the role of smoking in illness. In general at entry the pupil nurses were the least likely to accept that smoking is harmful to health. After a year of training little change was evident among the student teachers. Among the nurses knowledge had improved for some conditions and decreased for others. Improved knowledge was most evident among the general students but scores declined consistently among the pupils. The uptake of knowledge was also related to the nurses' smoking behaviour, non‐smokers tending to become better informed and smokers less certain. In general, the nurses had also become less likely to acknowledge the importance of smoking as a health issue, and again, this was most marked among the pupils. Smoking behaviour did not account for these changes. The nurses applied their training experience to their views, the effect usually being to confirm existing ideas. Not all experience had a positive impact and training had not enhanced understanding of the causal relationship between smoking and illness. One explanation could lie in the way the subject of smoking is dealt with during tea

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1988.tb01391.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper describes the work of two nurses visiting patients with chronic respiratory disease at home. The outcome measures suggested that there were fewer deaths in the nurses' group but failed to show any changes in quality of life.The nurses chose the nursing mode) devised by Roperet al.as a framework for their intervention. Initial assessment by the nurses showed the patients had a number of problems which could be grouped into physical health, knowledge, psychosocial and social. The nurses' monthly visits were used to assist the patients to plan strategies for resolving their problems. Advice was directed at helping patients promote and control their own health and measurable goals were set. Most of the patients achieved the goals set, valued the visits and said they wished them to continue. Psychosocial problems proved most difficult to solve. Patients' knowledge was demonstrated to have increased. A nursing audit found the patients had received ‘excellent’ quality of care. The nursing method used in this study would be appropriate for such work as it focuses attention on the indiviudal patient and his problems. Application of this approach will require education and support for nur

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1988.tb01392.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The case for the formative and summative evaluation of training courses is presented prior to focusing upon the development of two new measures designed to gauge the efifectiveness of a short course of training. Results derived from these two measures are presented from two successive English National Board 953 courses (‘Developments in Psychiatric Nursing’). The findings indicated that our measures were reliable and valid indices of learning and so could facilitate formative evaluation. However, in terms of summative evaluation the post‐course scores were low and so the case for a revised course was presented. Implications were drawn for the routine evaluation of post‐qualification

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1988.tb01393.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper describes the development of an instrument based on implicit criteria currently used by mental nurses in deciding whether a nurse is a good or a poor mental nurse. Existing implicit means of assessing mental nurses in the form of ward reports have been found to be inadequate. The study consisted of two stages: firstly, the production of a preliminary questionnaire using statements describing good and poor mental nurses obtained by interviewing mental nurses; secondly, the production of an assessment instrument, the Mental Illness Nurses' Evaluation Test, derived from the results of factor analysing responses of mental nurses to the preliminary questionnaire. The criteria used to evaluate mental nurses that emerged in order of importance were benevolence‐malevolence to other nurses, amiable‐irascible, regard‐disregard for patients, confident‐uncertain, directive‐non‐directive and professional‐unprofessional. The study exposes current values used in judging mental nurses and constitutes a first important step in developing a valid and reliable instrument in assessing mental nurses in terms of their pr

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1988.tb01394.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY