ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1984.tb00337.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

‘Stress’ is considered to be an important construct for consideration by nurses, as it helps in the understanding of the patients' responses to illness. In this paper there is an exploration of conditions under which stress may occur. ‘Coping’ is also discussed. Coping potentially reduces stress either by dealing with demands and stressors, or with their effects on the ind

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1984.tb00338.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper examines the assumptions underlying the ethical reasoning involved when the natural right to informed consent has been violated. Ramifications of the compelling need of the state to protect society by overriding the rights of individual freedom receive special attention. Specifically these issues are addressed: natural rights versus state‘s rights to preserve rights, state's rights versus parental autonomy, rights and duties versus paternalism, self interest and self survival versus the common good, coercion versus progress in research, and benefit versus cost. Building on these ethical considerations, the authors present a theoretical framework for ethical decision making with research involving the mentally retarded and the mentally il

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1984.tb00339.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A small study is described in which nurses were asked how they deal with specific management problems in schizophrenia. Their responses suggest that their approach may provide valuable information for both professionals and relatives.

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1984.tb00340.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

It is now over 20 years since coronary care units (CCUs) began to be opened. The purpose of providing constant observation for patients with myocardial infarction, and immediate specialized treatment when necessary has been fulfilled. But there is increasing evidence that psychosocial aspects of care may be just as important to the patients’ total well‐being as physical care. Communication is a key factor, and since nurses are the staff members most constantly present in CCUs they can exert considerable influence on communication between patients and their visitors, nurses and perhaps other staff. But patients are all individuals who each have their own ways of reacting to illness. If their particular communication needs are to be met then this aspect of nursing care must be planned, based on careful preliminary assessment. There is some evidence that nurses’ communication skills are not always well‐developed. This is not surprising since there has been little structured and knowledge‐based teaching of interpersonal skills in basic nurse education in the United Kingdom in the past, or in many other countries. Communication is a major component of care which merits more consideration, including the needs of patients, visitors and nurses; the aims of nurse‐patient‐visitor communication; and approaches to

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1984.tb00341.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Health and illness behaviour occur within a cultural context. Ethnographic methodology facilitates an investigation of the context in which people's health beliefs and practices evolve as well as serving to identify the cultural components of health and illness. Ethnography is primarily an inductive mode of research which may utilize several methods of data collection. Participant observation, used in conjunction with interviewing, is the most frequently used data‐gathering technique. Sampling procedures in ethnography must be addressed in relation to persons interviewed and/or observed, events to be seen, topics to be considered and time frames to be established. The ethnographic method creates difficulties in establishing reliability as techniques for gathering data are highly individualistic and involve a complex admixture of observations, structured and unstructured interviews, and other procedures. The lengthy stay in a community, as well as the extensive and in‐depth data‐collection procedures contribute to validity of the findings and their interpretation. Data analysis is time consuming and complex. Ethnography is concerned with the context of discovery, rather than verification, and leads to narrative descriptions and interpretations of cultural phenomena. Ethnography is a means for gaining access to the health beliefs and practices of a culture. In a practice profession such as nursing, improved understanding of the meaning of clients’ behaviour will enhance nursing judgements and improve nursi

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1984.tb00342.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Management of acute pain offers many techniques—peripherally, to reduce the sensory input from the nociceptors and ascending fibres, and centrally by altering cognition, evaluation and emotional arousal to the sensory input. Scientifically‐based nursing intervention is imperative. Therefore, nurses needed a better understanding of recent research regarding pain. As well, recognition that all individuals express and cope with pain in different ways, and therefore exhibit different pain behaviours, is necessary if effective nursing care is to be given. Finally, with all the interacting variables and methods of intervention available, pain medication should never be the only intervention used for the patient with p

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1984.tb00343.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper is based on nurses' accounts of their experiences of nursing dying patients, and the attitudes towards such work which they expressed. Nurses reported high levels of emotional involvement with their dying patients and expressed a preference for being honest with them about their condition. They preferred to nurse patients who were aware of their death rather than those who were not. Structural aspects of the ward organization which facilitate such action and attitudes are identified.

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1984.tb00344.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A small pilot study concerned with elderly patients' feelings about their stay in hospital was carried out, the purpose being to discover how satisfied patients were with the facilities and certain aspects of care in a modem geriatric assessment unit within one of the largest, most recently opened hospitals in one of the major cities in the country. Information was collected by means of a questionnaire and interview following the patients’ discharge from hospital. Satisfaction with hospital stay was high amongst both male and female patients. Certain aspects in the provision of ‘modern’ facilities seemed particularly pleasing to the patients interviewed. Interesting differences were demonstrated between male and female patients with regard to mobility patterns before discharge and also satisfaction with communications between male and female patients and those involved with their care. It is anticipated that following this pilot study the areas of difference and of dissatisfaction can be looked at more specifically in a future study of elderly pat

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1984.tb00345.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

It is argued herein that orthodox approaches to nursing research reflect a fundamental misunderstanding concerning the nature of nursing, a misunderstanding that results in the production of findings that are perceived as irrelevant to clinical practice. The reasons for this are analysed and two specific research monographs, Hayward (1975) and Ogier (1982) are criticized where appropriate in order to illuminate the analysis. Nursing is explicated as a social phenomenon and practice discipline and the peculiar suitability of action research to its investigation is demonstrated.

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1984.tb00346.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY