ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1981.tb04855.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1981.tb04856.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Because of a general impression that a substantial proportion of emergency medical problems requiring treatment or hospitalization was caused by unsuspected alcohol consumption, a study to question that impression was done on a population of urban emergency service patients. We evaluated blood samples taken from these patients for routine determinations for many reasons other than suspicion of alcohol use or abuse. Abnormalities in results of serum ethanol concentrations were found more frequently than abnormalities of concurrently determined serum electrolytes, urea nitrogen, or glucose. The frequency of abnormalities found was ethanol, 42%; carbon dioxide, 35%; glucose, 34%; chloride, 32%, sodium, 21%; potassium, 20%; and urea nitrogen, 13%. The high incidence of serum ethanol elevations in such hospital emergency service patients and the considerable potential usefulness of ethanol levels in diagnosis and management of a wide variety of medical problems suggest that determinations of stat, timed, serum ethanol concentrations are often indicated as an emergency study for urban populations.

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1981.tb04857.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Electrophoretic and kinetic studies of autopsy liver specimens from individuals of different racial groups revealed a polymorphism in alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). About 85% of the Japanese livers had an atypical ADH and 52% of the livers an unusual ALDH. Only 13% of German liver specimens had the atypical ADH and none showed the unusual form of ALDH which lacks in the isozyme with low Km for acetaldehyde. Using hair roots as the source of ADH and ALDH, individuals showing sensitivity to ethanol were examined. Data on the distribution of phenotypes in random European and Japanese population as well as family studies suggest a direct relationship between the lack of low Km isozyme of ALDH and alcohol‐induced biological sensitivity. Our findings suggest that the alcohol sensitivity quite common in individuals of Mongoloid origin might be due to delayed oxidation of acetaldehyde by an unusual type of ALD

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1981.tb04858.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A diagnostic schema for alcoholism is described. Based upon the National Council on Alcoholism criteria for alcoholism diagnosis, this schema permits the classification of any client into one of five mutually exclusive diagnostic categories. The schema is applied to data from an independent study. A significant client‐type by treatment‐type interaction is reported as evidence of the schema's clinical utility. The discussion outlines the need for further diagnostic refinements within the criteria and suggests possible uses of the schema as a research t

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1981.tb04859.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

To examine the hypothesis that the functioning of the right hemisphere is disrupted as a result of prolonged alcohol abuse, male middle‐aged alcoholic patients and nonalcoholic controls were tested on the standard‐Tactual Performance Test (TPT) from the Hatstead‐Reitan Neuropsychological Test Battery or on a modified form of the TPT employing stimuli of low verbal codability. On the standard TPT, alcoholic patients were impaired relative to controls on timed performance and memory for TPT figures but not for location. Analysis of the pattern of timed performance indicated the presence of an alcohol‐related deficit for the left hand; however, right‐hand scores were not impaired in alcoholic patients. For the modified TPT, alcoholic patients were impaired relative to controls for level but not pattern of timed performance; memory for TPT figures was impaired in alcoholic patients although location scores were not. The standard and modified TPT were found to discriminate alcoholic and control subjects with equal accuracy. The results support the hypothesis that chronic alcoholism leads to a disruption in the normal functioning of the right cerebral h

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1981.tb04860.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Night driving (mesopic) visual acuity and recovery after dazzle has been reported to be reduced in patients with liver disease. Mesopic visual acuity and dazzle recovery were evaluated in 32 patients with alcoholic cirrhosis, 29 alcoholics without liver disease, and 27 age‐matched normal controls. All subjects were sober for at least 7 days prior to visual testing, a mean sobriety period of 22 and 39 weeks in alcoholics and cirrhotics, respectively. Serum vitamin A levels and/or dark adaptation were normal in all. Mean best decimal acuities were not significantly different among the groups: alcoholic cirrhotics, 0.32 ± 0.02; alcoholics, 0.32 ± 0.02; and normals, 0.33 ± 0.03 at 2 min. Although cirrhotics had significantly higher SGOT and lower albumin levels than alcoholics, mesopic acuity did not relate to liver blood tests. Decimal acuity following a dazzle stimulus was not significantly worse in cirrhotics and alcoholics compared to normals. Sober patients with alcoholic cirrhosis or a history of alcoholism have no evidence of a static mesopic visual defect and therefore may not have impaired night driving vi

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1981.tb04861.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Compared to other substrates, the oxidation of pyruvate by isolated mitochondria is especially sensitive to inhibition by acetaldehyde. It is not known whether this inhibition represents a direct effect of acetaldehyde or requires the metabolism of acetaldehyde. Experiments were therefore carried out in the presence of cyanamide, an inhibitor of aldehyde dehydrogenase. After a brief incubation period, cyanamide inhibited the state 4 and state 3 rate of acetaldehyde (0.1–1.0 mM) oxidation by isolated rat liver mitochondria. Little inhibition was found in the absence of the incubation period. Maximum inhibition was found at cyanamide concentrations of 0.01 to 0.033 mM. Cyanamide also inhibited the activity of aldehyde dehydrogenase assayed in disrupted mitochondrial fractions. The inhibition by cyanamide was specific since cyanamide did not affect mitochondrial oxidation of succinate, glutamate, or pyruvate. Acetaldehyde inhibited the state 3 rate of pyruvate oxidation by liver mitochondria. Despite preventing acetaldehyde oxidation, cyanamide did not prevent the inhibition of pyruvate oxidation by acetaldehyde. These results indicate that (a) cyanamide can be used as an effective in vitro inhibitor of acetaldehyde oxidation and (b) the unique sensitivity of pyruvate oxidation to acetaldehyde represents a direct effect of acetaldehyde on pyruvate dehydrogenas

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1981.tb04862.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Sprague‐Dawley male rats maintained on the Lieber/ DeCarli liquid alcohol diet for 40 days showed an increase in heart, decrease in liver, and no change in erythrocyte or skeletal muscle catalase levels when compared to pair‐fed contr

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1981.tb04863.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Effects of ethyl alcohol on visual evoked potentials were studied in 12 healthy volunteers. Alcohol significantly reduced the amplitude and prolonged the latency of the N2‐P2 components of the centrally derived flash evoked potential. Amplitude attenuation was positively correlated with alcohol doses of 0.8 and 1.2 g/ kg. Analysis of subsets of data revealed the amplitude attenuation to be time related and not present in the initial five responses after alcohol. Possible neurochemical mechanisms related to the amplitude attenuation are discusse

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1981.tb04864.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY