ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1988.tb00122.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1988.tb00123.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryAlthough alcoholic liver disease is often associated with some increase in hepatic iron stores, it is now established that when gross iron overload is present, this is due to genetic hemochromatosis. Furthermore, there appears to be a critical iron concentration necessary for the induction of hepatic fibrosis. Lipid peroxidation induced by ethanol and/or iron would appear to play a major role in hepatic damage in both humans and experimental animals. Although the exact mechanism(s) of induction of lipid peroxidation by ethanol and iron remains to be elucidated, both toxins can exert a synergistic effect upon hepatic lipid peroxidation. Iron overload has also been shown to stimulate directly hepatocyte and hepatic procollagen mRNA expression, which is further stimulated by ethanol. The observed synergism between iron and alcohol with respect to both hepatic lipid peroxidation and collagen biosynthesis offers a possible explanation of the apparent early onset of fibrosis and cirrhosis in patients with iron overload who have an excessive alcohol intake.

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1988.tb00124.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Central α‐adrenoceptor function was studied in seven withdrawing alcoholics and compared with seven normal controls using the clonidine challenge test The alcoholic group had significantly elevated basal levels of Mood pressure and plasma 3‐methoxy‐4‐hydroxyphenyl glycol. The percentage of fall in Mood pressure produced by clonidine was blunted in the alcoholics. There was disruption of the neuroendocrine effects of clonidine on growth hormone release. Physiological indices of withdrawal, in particular plasma 3‐methoxy‐4‐hydroxyphenyl glycol and blood pressure correlated with measures of previous withdrawal experiences, supporting the idea that kindling might occur with repeated episodes

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1988.tb00125.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Three hundred eighty‐three alcoholics, who had at least once been ordered supervision or compulsory treatment at an institution for alcoholics by the Temperance Board, were compared with 383 other alcoholics matched for age and sex. All the alcoholics were first admitted to the Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital, Lund, during the years 1949 to 1969 and followed up until January 1, 1981. They were systematically rated concerning symptoms and etiological factors at first admission. According to a stepwise logistic regression analysis, the following initial symptoms were positively associated with later compulsory treatment: slight cerebral dysfunction/personality change, antisociality/criminality, and impaired social and work performance. Social pressure/responsibility/conflict, slight depression, and continuous drinking were positively associated with the controls. There were 168 deaths in the compulsory treatment group and 124 in the control group (p<0.01). The excess deaths in the compulsory treatment group were mainly caused by accidents, poisoning, and violence (21 cases) and sudden cardiac death (10 cases), while there were no differences concerning alcohol‐related neoplasms and liver cirrhosis. The compulsory treatment group had a worse long‐term social adjustment. The findings indicate that compulsory treatment was related to behavioral patterns showing a stability over time, supporting the validity of subclassification of alcoholics using social

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1988.tb00126.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The “hangover” hypothesis proposes that there is some residual effect of low to moderate alcohol intake on the nervous system after the blood alcohol level has returned to zero. This notion has been invoked to explain the putative effects of moderate alcohol consumption on mental ability. We evaluated the hangover hypothesis by attempting to predict cognitive performance from self‐reports of alcohol consumed during the week prior to testing. We found no meaningful evidence to support the notion that moderate alcohol Ingestion produces a measurable toxic effect on brain function after the period of acute intoxic

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1988.tb00127.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1988.tb00128.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The acute and extended effects of ethanol ingestion were examined in five alcoholic subjects, and five “social” drinkers. Six physiological and four subjective report measures were taken before, during and up to 90 min after the ingestion of ethanol in three doses and placebo. Findings showed that alcohol exerted significant dose‐related physiological effects in the initial minutes of ingestion, and in extended analyses of physiological and subjective measures in both groups of drinkers. Alcoholics and social drinkers generally did not differ in their physiological responses to alcohol doses and placebo, while some evidence for tolerance to reported euphoric effects of alcohol in the alcoholic subjects was found. The possibility is raised that early physiological responses observed during ethanol ingestion may arise not only from pharmacological effects of the drink, but may also be evidence for conditional predrink resp

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1988.tb00129.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Mice (Mus musculus) from four genetic strains (BALB/c, C57BL/6J, 12Q/ReJ, and SW) and their F, hybrids (SWxBALB/c, C57BL/6JWxBALB/c, and C57BL/6Jx129/ReJ) were used to evaluate the effect of ethanol on the activity of the two primary enzymes, alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH; E.C.1.1.1.1) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH; E.C. 1.2.1.3), of alcohol metabolism. Three week‐old male mice (12–16 g) were placed on liquid diet (5% ethanol) while a weight‐matched littermate control was fed isocaloric maltose‐dextrin in place of ethanol. Animals were sacrificed after 3 weeks and the liver and stomach were excised for biochemical analysis. Although the ethanol feeding did not influence the stomach ADH and ALDH activity levels, these enzymes in the liver were affected. The liver ADH activity was depressed to varying degrees in all mouse genotypes studied. Also, the ethanol feeding altered the liver‐ALDH activity, which was highly variable and genotype specific. The mice of C57BL/6J and F, C57BL/GJxBALB/c, both relatively resistant genotypes, exhibited significant increase in liver ALDH‐(cytosolic and whole liver homogenate) activity. The response in the other genotypes were not significantly different from their matched controls. The relative resistance of the C57BL/6J strain may be associated with the increase in liver ALDH activity which is expected to facilitate the elimination of acteladehyde, the toxic metabolite. The results from the selected F1crosses indicate a multigene system regulating the inducibility of the liver ALDH. The relative sensitivity of different genotypes may be attributed to inducibility components regulating the liver enzyme activity, particularty liver ALDH following challenges with ethanol. These observations may offer a new approach in explaining extensive variability in response to alcohols in most

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1988.tb00130.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Fifty alcoholics who attended a 2‐year out‐patient treatment program with standardized evaluations every third month were followed‐up 2 years after completion of the program. One patient refused to be followed‐up and four were dead. Corroboration was available in 78% of the cams. The number of abuse days from the second half‐year of therapy and forward was strongly related to the number of abuse days during the follow‐up period as were ratings both of drinking goal fulfillment and fulfillment of other treatment goals at termination of the treatment period. On the contrary initial characteristics and background data as well as the number of abuse days during the first half‐year were not related to number of abuse days during the follow‐up period. Our findings indicate that improvement during long term out‐patient treatment for alcoholism is stable during the following 2 yean with a socia

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1988.tb00131.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY