ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1984.tb05022.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The social system of the family is a major variable in the syndrome of alcoholism. The family system may generate or promote the development of alcoholism in a family member. The alcoholic behavior of a family member may disrupt and impair family system function. Although these relationships highlight important correlations between alcoholism and family function, research evidence demonstrates that the relationship is complex. Simple models of a typical alcoholic family no longer suffice. Research on four aspects of family alcoholism are reviewed: family reactivity patterns, ethnic family styles, gender of the alcoholic spouse, and stages of alcoholism. These data support the conclusion that family systems are an important variable in the genesis, consequences, and treatment of alcoholism.

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1984.tb05023.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1984.tb05024.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

An innovative approach to ambulatory alcoholism treatment is proposed, based on adapting a self‐help modality to the institutional clinic setting, for more cost‐effective care. It draws on the principles of social influence in large groups, and diffuses the therapist's Derogative* among more advanced patients. The program thereby operates withhalfthe usual counseling staff. In this study (n = 235), a controlled comparison of this approach was made with more conventional clinic treatment, based on small‐group therapy. Retention and visit rates of the experimental patients over 1 year of carewereno different from the control patients, and engagement of inpatients into ambulatory care was more effe

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1984.tb05025.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The relationship between oral contaceptives and ethanol metabolism in women was examined in a group of 40 female social drinkers between the ages of 21 and 30. Twenty women taking oral contraceptives and 20 women not taking oral contraceptives were given a moderate dose of ethanol (0.52 g/kg) during the menstrual, intermenstrual and premenstrual phases of the menstrual cycle. The group of women taking oral contraceptives demonstrated a significantly decreased ethanol elimination rate (105 mg/kg/hr) than the women not taking oral contraceptives (121 mg/kg/hr, p<0.005). Ethanol disappearance rate also was significantly decreased for women taking oral contraceptives (0.015%/hr) than women not taking them (0.019%/hr, p<0.001). These results were consistent across the three phases of the menstrual cycle and when body leanness was taken into consideration. The decreased rate of ethanol metabolism in women taking oral contraceptives is consistent with reports of other drugs having decreased metabolic rates in women taking birth control pills. These results suggest that women taking oral contraceptives should be cautioned concerning their possMe interaction with ethanol, as well as other drugs.

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1984.tb05026.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Fasting plasma samples from 42 voluntary subjects of moderate to high socioeconomic status families and living in Delhi, taking 5–20 oz/week of alcohol regularly, and 42 normal subjects from comparable socioeconomic status with no history of intake of alcohol and no evidence of any known metabolic or coronary problems were analyzed for cholesterol and triglycerides and their levels in lipoprotein fractions, i.e., very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), low density lipoproteins (LDL), and high density lipoproteins (HDL). Free fatty acids, urea, uric acid, and glucose levels were also determined and dietary intake was calculated in the two groups.Cholesterol and triglycerides in plasma, and VLDL and LDL fractions were found to be increased in the alcohol‐taking group even though their intake of alcohol was moderate. VLDL fraction formed 65 and 32% of total triglycerides and cholesterol, respectively. Sugar, uric acid, and free fatty acids (FFA) increased significantly in the alcohol‐taking group. Total energy intake was significantly higher in the alcohol‐taking group mainly from significant high intake of proteins and fats. Calculated on the basis of intake/day/kg of body weight the difference in intake of protein, fat, and carbohydrates was insignificant Regular intake of even small quantity of alcohol along with food rich in proteins and fats may induce elevation of high cholesterol‐containing lipoproteins, i.e., LDL and VLDL with increased hypertriglyceridemia, and these increased levels may constitute important coronary ris

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1984.tb05027.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The hormonal responses to insulin‐induced hypoglycemia were studied in 15 abstinent alcoholics with varying degrees of central and peripheral nerve damage and in six normal controls. Blood samples were taken at intervals after the injection of soluble insulin (0.1 U/ kg of body weight). Growth hormone responses were significantly depressed (p<0.05) in nine alcoholics with severe central nerve damage (Korsakoff's psychosis) as compared to other alcoholic subjects. The alcoholic subjects with Korsakoff's psychosis also showed significant depression (p<0.01) of glucose recovery from hypoglycemia as compared with controls. However, responses of vasopressin, Cortisol, and catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine) were generally normal in the Korsakoff patients. Our results do not support previous suggestions that impairment of memory in alcoholism may be related to altered vasopressin secretion, even though the reduced growth hormone secretion in brain‐damaged alcoholics does indicate some hypothalamic‐pituitary dysfun

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1984.tb05028.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In noradrenergic nerves as well as In effector organs of the sympathetic nervous system, chronic ethanol feeding induced biochemical, functional, and trophic changes. The time sequence of modifications in the activities of tyrosine hydroxylase, phenylethanolamine‐N‐methyl transferase, monoamine oxidase, endogenous norepinephrine levels, as well as the neuronal uptake mechanism and secretory responses to norpinephrine in the submaxillary gland of the rat confirms that the effects of chronic ethanol administration are related to an increase in sympathetic t

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1984.tb05029.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Similarities and differences in performances on 18 verbal and nonverbal memory tasks were studied in young and old alcoholics and in young and old controls as test of hypotheses postulating that cognitive decrements from alcoholism either mimic “premature aging,” are “age sensitive,” or are “independent” from those of normal aging. Young and old alcoholics were matched in length and rate of heavy drinking and were also equated with their controls in age, education, and vocabulary. The multivariate memory and decision data, when converted to independent factor scores, separated alcoholic from control groups on a factor reflecting memory for auditorily presented information. This was independent from factor scores affected mainly by age, such as memory for visuospatial items or decision bias. Age and alcoholism produced overlapping but distinctly different profiles of memory impairments. Decrements in young alcoholics did not resemble those of aging nor did old alcoholics surpass old controls in any but one factor, so that neither the premature aging nor the age sensitivity hypothesis were invariabl

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1984.tb05030.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A group of 48 inpatient alcoholics were studied using the Schedule for Affectve Disorders and Schizophrenia–Life‐time Version (SADS‐L) and the Brief Standard Self‐rating for Phobic Patients. Approximately one‐quarter of the patients were diagnosed as suffering from agoraphobia and social and mixed phobias. Approximately 44% were diagnosed as suffering from anxiety disorders and 46% had suffered from an episode of major depression. Data from the self‐rating questionnaire were consistent with the diagnostic data. The alcoholics with phobias had experienced more severe dysphoric feelings than nonphobic alcoholics with other psychiatri

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1984.tb05031.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY