ISSN:0265-9247    

DOI:10.1002/bies.950170102

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe review the findings of Choet al.(1)on the crystal structure of a p53 tumor suppressor‐DNA complex. The core DNA binding domain of p53 folds into a structure termed a β‐sandwich, which organizes two loops and a loop‐sheet‐helix structure on one surface of p53 to interact with the consensus DNA recognition sequence of p53. These structures help to explain the functions of wild‐type p53 and the effects of tumor‐associated mutations on p53 DNA binding, transactivation and suppression of cellular p

ISSN:0265-9247    

DOI:10.1002/bies.950170103

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMembers of the Y‐box (YB) family of transcription factors are expressed in a wide range of cell types and are implicated in the regulation of a rapidly increasing number of genes. Although the biological activities of YB proteins appear to be varied, distinct patterns, relating to the timing of their expression and the identity of their target genes, are beginning to emerge. A recent report by Itoet al.(1)focusses attention on cell proliferation and adds support to earlier suggestions(2, 3)that a primary function of YB proteins is to help activate growth‐associated ge

ISSN:0265-9247    

DOI:10.1002/bies.950170104

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThree recent reports(1–3)identify two genes,thick veins (tkv)andsaxophone (sax), which encode serine/threonine transmembrane proteins that act as receptors for mediating different aspects of theDrosophilaTGF‐β‐related signal,dpp. tkvis required for patterning the entire embryonic dorsal region, whilesaxis required for patterning only amnioserosa, the dorsalmost cell fates.dppsignaling in other developmental processes again requires bothtkvandsax, but to differing degrees.tkvandsax, encode type I receptors, which appear to directly bind ligand, unlike what has been observed for other type I rec

ISSN:0265-9247    

DOI:10.1002/bies.950170105

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDuring mouse early development cell adhesion molecules are indispensable for the embryo organisation. A family of molecules probably involved in development is the transmembrane glycoprotein CD44 family, which exists in multiple isoforms. These are generated by alternative splicing of the pre‐mRNA, resulting in the enlargement of the extracellular part of the molecule. The standard form of CD44 is widely expressed in adult tissues and in embryos from day 9.5 post coitum onwards, while the numerous variant isoforms exhibit highly specialised patterns of expression that are already in the egg cylinder at day 6.5 of development. In lymphohemopoiesis, specific variant isoforms also emerge at decisive differentiation stages. Although specific ligands for the variant region still await isolation, the highly organised expression of CD44 variant isoforms suggests they have a pivotal role in cellular interactions during early development, pattern formation and hemopoiesi

ISSN:0265-9247    

DOI:10.1002/bies.950170106

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIntegral membrane proteins are found in all cellular membranes and fulfil many of the functions that are central to life. A critical step in the biosynthesis of membrane proteins is their insertion into the lipid bilayer. The mechanisms of membrane protein insertion and folding are becoming increasingly better understood, and efficient methods for theab initioprediction of three‐dimensional protein structure from the primary amino acid sequence may be within reach. Already, the basic tools needed for engineering andde novodesign of integral membrane proteins seem to be at han

ISSN:0265-9247    

DOI:10.1002/bies.950170107

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe multi‐allelic self‐incompatibility polymorphisms in angiosperms have long interested geneticists and population geneticists, but the limits of classical genetic resolution were reached many years ago. In recent years, new progress has been made by molecular genetic approaches. Intriguing similarities to and differences from the fungal systems are emerging. The polymorphism at these loci is now known to be even more baroque than appeared from classical genetic studies. Alleles differ so much at the level of both the DNA and protein sequence that they would be difficult to recognise as products of the same locus, were it not for the presence of certain conserved regions. Despite the successes of the recent work, the locus responsible for the specificity of the incompatibility reaction in pollen, and the mechanism of self‐incompatibility, remain el

ISSN:0265-9247    

DOI:10.1002/bies.950170108

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe now classical model for cell‐cell communication espouses that information travels between cells in the form of molecules that bind specific cell‐surface receptors and trigger signal‐transducing mechanisms that eventually lead to transcriptional modifications. Here we gather the available information suggesting that some growth factors may also act by interfering directly with gene transcription, following their internalization and nuclear translocation. Among these factors arebona fidegrowth factors such as Fibroblast Growth Factor‐1 and ‐2 and Schwannoma Derived Growth Factor, for which internalization and nuclear translocation have been demonstrated. Conversely, we propose that some isoforms of nuclear factors of the homeoprotein family could pass from cell to cell. The implications of the model are presented in the context of the specificity of cellular int

ISSN:0265-9247    

DOI:10.1002/bies.950170109

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe mitotic spindle contains the machinery responsible for sister chromatid segregation. It is composed of a complex and dynamic array of microtubules, which are nucleated from the spindle poles. Studies of yeast spindle functions by molecular genetic analysis and byin vitrofunctional analysis have identified proteins that are mitosis‐specific and present at very low concentrations in the cell, and have revealed the molecular bases of several processes required for the formation and functioning of the mitotic spindle. Here I review the current knowledge of the processes that are common to most eukaryotes: microtubule nucleation at the spindle poles, bipolar spindle assembly, maintenance of the spindle structure, chromosome attachment to the spindle and chromosome separation on the spindl

ISSN:0265-9247    

DOI:10.1002/bies.950170110

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThenm23gene, a putative metastasis suppressor gene, was originally identified by its reduced expression in highly metastatic K‐1735 murine melanoma cell lines, as compared to related, low metastatic melanoma cell lines. Transfection ofnm23cDNA has been reported to suppress malignant progression inDrosophilaand mammalian cells. Highly conserved homologues ofnm23have been found in organisms ranging from the prokaryoteMyxococcus xanthustoDrosophila, where the gene is involved in normal development and differentiation. The product of thenm23gene exhibits a nucleoside diphosphate kinase activity, yet the nucleoside diphosphate kinase activity of Nm23 does not correlate with its apparent biological functions. We review recent cellular, genetic, biochemical and X‐ray crystallographic data to formulate and evaluate hypotheses concerning the molecular mechanism ofnm23act

ISSN:0265-9247    

DOI:10.1002/bies.950170111

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY