摘要:

A review and evaluation of analytical techniques and methods for oil spill source identification by fluorescence spectroscopy is presented. The subject is discussed within the context of a three dimensional system which permits the reader to readily visualize and comprehend the many diverse approaches incorporated into the reviewed methods. The three dimensional system utilizes the three interdependent variables inherent to fluorescence spectroscopy, i.e., excitation wavelength, emission wavelength and fluorescence intensity, and portrays the fluorescence characteristics of petroleum oils as “total fluorescence spectra”; that are analogous to topographic maps of mountainous regions. Spectral information, derived by each of the methods, is discussed in terms of appropriate portions of such total spectra.

ISSN:0092-9867    

DOI:10.1080/02772247809356924

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1978

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The inductively coupled plasma (ICP), when employed as an excitation source in optical atomic emission spec.troscopy (AES), is finding widespread utilization for single and multielement inorganic trace analysis of pollutants. The recent availability of commercial ICP‐AES instrument systems has stimulated applications for the determination of metals and metalloids in diverse materials ranging from air particulates and fly ash to industrial effluents, sewage, and hard, soft, and saline waters.

ISSN:0092-9867    

DOI:10.1080/02772247809356925

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1978

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Several analytical techniques offer the capability of simultaneously determining 5–40 elements. Of those techniques available, two are receiving extensive attention for analysis of water samples. Optical emission spectrometry utilizing plasma excitation has now evolved to a status in which 20–40 elements can be simultaneously determined on a routine basis. Instrumentation which relies on ion exchange chromatography separations is available which allows the routine determination of several cationic and/or anionic species.

ISSN:0092-9867    

DOI:10.1080/02772247809356926

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1978

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Inorganic pollution comprises both major and minor constituents, although only 12 chemical elements may be considered major components. Twenty‐eight elements constitute a group of common minor elements and an additional 13 elements comprise a group of less common minor constituents. Reliable quantitative data are required on the occurrence of these substances in a wide variety of water types, usually at extremely low concentrations. The analysis of standard reference water samples provides information on the overall reliability of water‐quality data. Although most major constituents may be determined with acceptable reliability, determinations of certain minor constituents lack comparable precision; for example, determinations of boron, nickel, and chromium. Few precision data are available on the determination of the less common trace elements. Several comparatively new analytical techniques, such as flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry, voltammetry, and emission spectroscopy with plasma excitation, appear capable of providing improved sensitivity.

ISSN:0092-9867    

DOI:10.1080/02772247809356927

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1978

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The data presented in this study indicate the feasibility of utilizing modified forms of peat as a cation exchanger, anion exchanger, and oil coalescer. The‐modification processes require relatively inexpensive chemicals in small amounts and only simple procedures are involved. This factor in conjunction with the availability of peat makes these modified systems well suited for large scale applications.

ISSN:0092-9867    

DOI:10.1080/02772247809356928

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1978

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0092-9867    

DOI:10.1080/02772247809356929

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1978

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0092-9867    

DOI:10.1080/02772247809356923

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1978

数据来源: Taylor