ISSN:1040-8746    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;There have been important advances in the diagnosis and treatment of chronic lymphoproliferative disorders. Three diseases stand out as examples of progress: chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), hairy‐cell leukemia (HCL), and adult T‐cell leukemia‐lymphoma. Improvements in diagnosis are the result of greater attention to cell morphology and the routine use of monoclonal antibodies, which in turn help define composite phenotypes that are specific for CLL and HCL. The combination of morphology and immunophenotype allowed the characterization of a new disorder, splenic lymphoma with villous lymphocytes, which was confused in the past with both CLL and HCL. The most important treatment developments stem from the availability of three nucleoside analogues: fludarabine, deoxycoformycin, and chlorodeoxyadenosine which, when used as single agents, are responsible for major improvements in remission rates in CLL (fludarabine, chlorodeoxyadenosine), HCL (deoxycoformycin, chlorodeoxyadenosine) and prolonged periods of disease‐free survival. Adult T‐cell leukemia‐lymphoma remains a unique leukemia model, and interest in the worldwide distribution of the causative retrovirus, human T‐cell lymphotropic virus I, continues with emphasis on epidemiologic and prevention studies.Current Opinion in Oncology 1995, 7:3‐11

ISSN:1040-8746    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1040-8746    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1040-8746    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;Epidemiologic studies of leukemia have focused on risks related to low‐dose but potentially wide‐spread exposures of modern living, such as electromagnetic fields, residence near nuclear power plants, and smoking. With the exception of smoking, none of these exposures has been conclusively shown to be related to leukemia risk. Other exposures such as diet, viruses, and hair dyes have also been considered. Investigators are beginning to take advantage of technical advances to refine epidemiologic studies. The inclusion of data on histopathology, cytogenetics, immunophenotype, and molecular genetics may enhance risk factor identification and lead to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of leukemia.Current Opinion in Oncology 1995,7:12‐18

ISSN:1040-8746    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;The effectiveness of antileukemic therapy is limited by intrinsic and acquired cellular resistance. Preclinical investigations support a complex and redundant network of cytoprotective mechanisms resulting from decreased drug accumulation, intracellular drug detoxification, alterations in nuclear targets of the antineoplastic agent, impaired transduction of growth arrest signals, and inherent cytokinetic resistance to S‐phase active agents. Some, but not all, of these mechanisms are coordinately regulated, and correlative studies suggest that some may indeed contribute to clinical chemotherapy resistance.Current Opinion in Oncology 1995,7:19‐27

ISSN:1040-8746    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;Since 1977, when it was first demonstrated that a small number of patients with refractory leukemia could be cured by bone marrow transplantation, there has been an international effort to increase the proportion of patients cured. This article reviews recent developments in the treatment of adult leukemia with particular emphasis on reports published during the past year. Several new preparative regimens for transplantation are discussed. New chemotherapeutic strategies reported during the past year have included modulating the activity of cytarabine, the most active agent in autologous myelogenous leukemia, using other agents such as etoposide, mitoxantrone, and carboplatin, and attempting to overcome the multidrug resistance phenomenon. There has been further experience in the use of autologous marrow for transplantation, with several centers reporting excellent results for patients so treated. Biologic‐based strategies are an exciting area of exploration. The implications of the landmark discovery of all‐transretinoic acid as a treatment for acute promyelocytic leukemia continue to be investigated. Reports of the use of targeted monoclonal antibodies, cytokines, and other immunotherapies have generated the hope that these strategies might prove to be non‐cross‐resistant therapies and thus effective against residual disease following conventional chemotherapy.Current Opinion in Oncology 1995,7:28‐35

ISSN:1040-8746    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;Contemporary protocols, featuring early intensive multiagent chemotherapy, will cure at least 65% of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and up to 40% of those with acute myeloid leukemia. In acute lymphoblastic leukemia, emphasis is placed on stringent risk assessment at diagnosis so that only those patients at high risk of relapse are treated aggressively, with less toxic treatments reserved for lower‐risk patients. Treatment strategies are less risk‐based in acute myeloid leukemia, although genetic analysis has begun to aid in establishing therapeutic options for individual patients (eg,high‐dose chemotherapy, differentiation‐inducing agents, and bone marrow transplantation). For children with either the adult or juvenile form of chronic myeloid leukemia, allogeneic bone marrow transplantation remains the only curative treatment. In the future, it may be possible to direct therapy to specific genetic lesions that have been recently identified in leukemic cells.Current Opinion in Oncology 1995,7:36‐44

ISSN:1040-8746    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1040-8746    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;Several causative factors for thyroid cancer have been identified, the most important of which is low‐dose ionizing radiation. Although the prognosis for patients with differentiated thyroid cancer is generally good, the literature continues to present new information concerning clinical, pathologic, and molecular factors that allow for identification of high‐risk subgroups. Molecular biology techniques now enable clinicians to identify patients with benign disease or a family history of thyroid cancer who will develop a malignancy. Despite these advances in tumor biology, however, controversy continues regarding the surgical procedures that should be performed for the various types of thyroid cancer. Although parathyroid cancer is a very rare but lethal form of neoplasia, benign parathyroid disease is much more common. Recent molecular studies have revealed fascinating differences among the various clinical manifestations of primary hyperparathyroidism.Current Opinion in Oncology 1995,7:47‐55

ISSN:1040-8746    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID