ISSN:1079-0713    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1079-0713    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

When caring for the Critically ill patient, a primary objective is to maintain an adequate delivery of oxygen to the-tissues, Monitoring and ensuring satisfactory cerebral oxygen delivery in patients at risk for cerebral ischemia presents a significant challenge to the clinician. Cerebral oxygen content usually is determined using blood gas analysis, whereas blood flow to cerebral tissues is Inferred from monitoring of the cerebral perfusion pressure. There is an assumption that cerebral oxygen delivery is adequate so long as the cerebral perfusion pressure exceeds 50–60 mmHg in the normal brain and the cerebral arterial oxygen content is normal, The cerebral perfusion pressure, however, is an estimated value calculated as the difference between the mean systemic arterial pressure and the intracranial pressure and provides merely an indirect Index of the adequacy of cerebral oxygen delivery. The validity of the cerebral perfusion pressure as an index for cerebral oxygen delivery becomes questionable when the autoregulatory mechanisms of the- brain are disturbed, as In severe head Injuries, Jugular bulb oxygen monitoring provides a method of evaluating cerebral oxygenation status for early identification of impending ischemia by measuring oxygenation of the mixed cerebral venous blood. in this article, the authors review the physiology of cerebral oxygenation, describe: a method of monitoring cerebral oxygenation using jugular bulb oximetry, and review a case study to show how these assessments can affect the nursing care of the head-injured patient

ISSN:1079-0713    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The authors' objective of this study was to identify a peripheral method of measuring body temperature that approximates core body temperature. A cross-sectional design was used to compare peripheral measures of body temperature with core temperature. Peripheral temperatures were measured in trig ear using two infrared thermometers, in the mouth using a mercury in glass thermometer, electronic thermometer, and chemical Indicator thermometer, in the axila using a mercury in glass thermometer, electronic thermometer, and chemical indicator thermometer, and in the rectum using a mercury in glass thermometer and electronic thermometer. A statistically significant difference was found between peripheral temperature measures and temperature, except for the axillary chemical indicator temperature and both aural temperatures. Pearson correlation coefficients of 0.79 were found for the association of pulmonary artery temperatures with oral mercury, oral electronic, axillary electronic, rectal mercury, and rectal electronic temperatures. Correlation coefficients were less than 0.20 between pulmonary artery and aural temperatures measured by berth devices. Based on results from this study, there is no parted instrument for approximating cans temperature, although the electronic Thermometer used orally has a low mean difference (0.18°C), low standard deviation of the difference (O.24°C), and a correlation coefficient of 0.79

ISSN:1079-0713    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Sudden cardiac death, a common cause of cardiac mortality, can be treated with either pharmacologic therapy or implantation of an implantable cardioverter defibrillator. Tremendous technologic advances have changed implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapy from shock-only therapy to multiprogrammable. tiered-therapy devices with backup pacing. Methods of implantation have changed from open chest to non-thoracotomy procedures. To provide optimal patient care, the critical care nurse is challenged to be Knowledgeable about the different devices. In this article, the authors examine the commonalities and differences in device function in the seven Currently available implantable cardioverter defibrillators and their impact on patient care

ISSN:1079-0713    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1079-0713    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

In this article, the author addresses the factors that have Influenced nursing's response to addictive behaviors and describes recent national and international initiatives in substance abuse education for health professionals in general and nurses in particular

ISSN:1079-0713    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Trauma is the leading cause of death during the first 4 decades of life. Approximately 40–50% of seriously injured patients who require hospitalization have an alcohol-related injury. The traumatic injury offers nurses in advanced practice roles a unique opportunity to discuss the relation between the patients' traumatic injuries and their alcohol use. One strategy that has shown promise in recent research is the Brief Intervention, a simple and quick clinical tool used to motivate patients to consider the consequences of their alcohol-related behavior. The Brief Intervention technique uses a screening instrument, the Alcohol Use Disorders Test, to determine whether the patient is a. sensible, heavy, or dependant drinker. A counseling session, focusing an reducing alcohol use in the nondependent drinker, follows while the patient is still acutely injured. Through the use of Brief intervention, the nurse has an opportunity to motivate trauma patients to change their patterns of drinking and limit their risk for repeated injuries. If nurses can prevent future injuries, the potential savings in lives lost and dollars spent are huge

ISSN:1079-0713    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Nursing care of domestic violence victims has focused on emergency settings, primary health-care settings, and mental health-care settings. Nurses in other acute and critical care settings also care for domestic violence victims, though the focus of nursing care may be confined to the medical reason fur the parson's hospital stay, However, as we come to fully appreciate the psychobiologic nature of health, illness. and healing, it becomes clear that abuse and violence in a patient's home life holds consequences for one's current and future well-being. Though hospital stays are often brief, important groundwork can be accomplished to identify and assist patients involved in abusive relationships

ISSN:1079-0713    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

All health-care providers need to understand the effects of alcohol, nicotine, and other drugs on the mother and developing fetus and the ways to promote abstinence or at least a decrease in use. The use of these substances may produce chronic and/or catastrophic effects that fence the pregnant woman into contact with the health-care system. Such contact can produce a healthier outcome for both the mother and fetus if it includes identification of substance use and intervention to promote abstinence. In this article, the author describes the consequences of prenatal substance use for the mother and fetus, identifies techniques used to screen and assess prenatal substance use, and explains strategies used to intervene in prenatal substance use

ISSN:1079-0713    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID