ISSN:1079-0713    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;Critical illness frequently leads to organ dysfunction. Nutritional support of individual organ function is an evolving area of nutritional support. Within the past several years, there was an increase in the number of nutritional products reported to improve organ function. In this article, the authors review disease/organ‐specific nutritional support, including the theory behind therapy and the empiric data supporting or refuting these theories. It is hoped that this article will aid practitioners in their nutritional management of patients with organ dysfunction

ISSN:1079-0713    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;Malnutrition in critically ill patients is caused by inadequate intake, absorption, and/or utilization of nutrients with a frequently compounding increased metabolic need. The nurse plays a pivotal role in the identification of patients at risk for nutritional deficits and collaborates with appropriate resources to obtain a comprehensive nutritional assessment and the required nutritional care. A five‐step approach to nutritional support is presented and applied to three clinical situations. Through the use of a systematic decision‐making process, the critical care practitioner ensures that patients receive adequate nutritional support for optimal organ function

ISSN:1079-0713    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;The metabolic response to critical illness and injury increases the metabolic rate and increases mobilization of amino acids from the peripheral tissues. This is done through a neuroendocrine response with elevated levels of catecholamines, glucocorticoids, inflammatory cytokines, and other products of inflammation. Control of the injury, restoration of hemodynamic stability, and early nutrition can minimize the drain on the lean body mass and improve the chance of survival. In this article, the authors summarize the metabolic response to stress and injury

ISSN:1079-0713    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;The gastrointestinal tract is a major immunologic organ that must be maximally supported during critical illness. Gastrointestinal tissues require direct contact with nutrients to support their own rapid cellular turnover rate and carry out the multitude of metabolic and immunologic functions needed for successful adaptation to stress. Disruption in the ecologic equilibrium of the gastrointestinal tract often occurs during critical illness and the therapies provided. Problems encountered include stress ulcers, intestinal ischemia, bacterial overgrowth, aspiration pneumonia, bacterial translocation, sepsis, and the systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Early enteral nutrition has been shown to be a viable, economic, and physiologically beneficial way to support the gastrointestinal tract during critical illness. The fortification of enteral formulas with glutamine, arginine, or fiber is being studied to determine each one's unique role in the gut and immunologic changes that occur with severe stress.

ISSN:1079-0713    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;The recognition and treatment of malnutrition has been shown to improve the survival of patients. Current research to prevent and improve patient outcome with nutritional interventions in the critically ill is promising. Nurses are responsible for identifying the signs and symptoms of malnutrition, administering nutritional therapy while assessing for complications and side effects associated with these treatments, and monitoring the effectiveness of nutritional interventions. Enteral nutrition in the intensive care unit is addressed specifically in this article, whereas nutritional assessment and the recognition of malnutrition are discussed briefly. Salient points of providing enteral nutrition to intensive care unit patients are presented. Various feeding devices, products, and complications related to enteral nutrition are explained in detail. Comprehensive nursing care as related to the delivery of feeding products through various feeding devices is reviewed. Nursing research applicable to the practice of enteral nutrition in the intensive care unit is presented

ISSN:1079-0713    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;Critically ill patients experience a multitude of metabolic derangements in response to sepsis, shock, and severe injury. The result of extreme stress is characterized by alterations in carbohydrate and fat metabolism and persistent catabolism of lean body mass. Total parenteral nutrition is an important therapeutic modality in the care of critically ill patients. In this article, the author identifies the patient at risk, defines the appropriate time to initiate parenteral nutrition, and outlines current recommendations for energy and protein prescription. The author also briefly reviews administration issues, discusses possible complications of therapy, and defines effective strategies to monitor the response to therapy

ISSN:1079-0713    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;Nutritional needs and management of critically ill infants and children are complex and fundamentally different from adults. In addition to common physiologic issues of nutrition during acute illnesses, infants and children have nutritional needs related to growth and development of the whole child as well as individual organ systems. Critical care nurses play a key role in assuring that both physiologic and developmental needs related to nutrition are met, to prevent long‐term complications.

ISSN:1079-0713    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1079-0713    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;As the incidence of HIV infection rises, so will cases of HIV positive intensive care unit admissions. Factors affecting nurses' care of these patients include fear of contagion, homophobia, and lack of knowledge. A multidimensional approach must be taken by the advanced practice nurse to decrease stigmatization by changing knowledge and attitudes of intensive care unit nurses.

ISSN:1079-0713    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID