ISSN:1079-0713    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Changes in neonatal care have resulted In an increased survival rale among fow ' birth weight Infants, Because their neurologic system is immature, these Infants are vulnerable lo neurologic injury.; Major and minor neurodevelopmental consequences can result. Most preterm infants survive without serious difficulties;. however, the lower the birth weight, the higher the likelihood that problems will occur. Numerous factors can increase a preterm Infant's risk for disease and impairment, and the neonatal nurse can perform a significant role in minimizing this risk

ISSN:1079-0713    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The acutely HI child requiring Intubation is at risk for complications at three crucial points: during the Intubation procedure, in the first taw hours or days after intubation, and during long-term endotracheal tube. (ETT)placement. Consideration must be given to the anatomic and physiologic differences between children and adults that place children at risk for acute respiratory failure find that present difficulties in providing respiratory support. Each potential complication must be understood in terms of cause assessment, prevention, and intervention. The method of securing the ETT can decrease tube displacement, trauma to the airway, and breakdown of the skin. Intra-and interhospital transport presents more considerations in maintaining ETT placement and physiologic stability of the patient. Prevention of Intubation complications In children can reduce length of stay, decrease cost of care, minimize length of time for family separation, decrease potential disabilities and prevent death in the critically ill child who requires intubation.

ISSN:1079-0713    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Analgesics, sedation, and neuromuscular blacking agents are commonly used In treating critically ill infante and children. Although these medications are - beneficial and Imperative to the cane of the child, their use.is not risk free Adverse responses occur In these children. With Improved methods for use and monitoring, adverse responses can be minimized.

ISSN:1079-0713    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Intravascular therapy is essential In the care of acutely ill Infants and children, but it is not without risks.The purpose of this article is to discuss potential is Intravascular, extravascular, and systemic complications related to peripheral and central intravascular therapy in infants and children, The formation of thrombi, infiltration, and sepsis are the most common complications, Less common complications are phlebitis, arterial spasm, catheter retention, catheter embolus, air emboli, dysrhythmlas, and hemorrhage, financial implications of long-term-negative outcomes and nursing liability are discussed, and a proposed standard, of preventative nursing care for intravascular therapy Is presented.

ISSN:1079-0713    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A child's emergent admission to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) can strike fear and feelings of helplessness into the hearts of parents who only hours earlier had been in control of their lives. Acute critical illness seriously threatens the parents' ability to fulfill their familiar and Important roles of protecting and providing for their child.The PICU setting can rapidly undermine, the sense of competence control, and stability of even the most dedicated parents. Parental stress is primarily caused by their displacement from familiar roles, the child's appearance and behavior, and difficulties in communicating with staff members. In planning interventions, these issues should be considered as well as the specific needs that parents have emphasized: accurate information, ready access to their children, and meaningful participation in their children's care. Advanced practice nurses are in an excellent position to improve delivery of psychosocial services to parents of critically ill children through direct care, acting as models of care practices and mentoring staff, Staff education, policy. development, and clinical research

ISSN:1079-0713    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1079-0713    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Critically HI patients who require mechanical ventilation are at high risk for development of pneumonia during the course of treatment Ventilator-associated pneumonia leads to higher rates at mortality and morbidity, increased length of hospital slay, and higher hospital costs. The intubation that is necessary for mechanical ventilation impairs the patient's normal defense mechanisms for fighting infection, Impaired defenses. along with such risk Factors as age of the patient, equipment used, and failure of the staff to wash hands increase the likelihood of colonization of the lower airways Colonization and subsequent pneumonia commonly occurs from microaspiration of secretions from the oropharynx and gastrointestinal tract. In this article, the mechanism of microaspiration, diagnosis of ventllator-associated pneumonia, and nursing strategies to reduce the incidence of pneumonia are described.

ISSN:1079-0713    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Deep Vein thrombosis and Its co triplications, Including puImonary embolism, are major health problems In the United States, resulting in more than 260,000 hospital admissions and 100,000 deaths each year. Thirty percent of patients diagnosed with deep vein thrombosis will experience at least one recurrence of symptoms.To minimize patient morbidity and mortality and to contain health care costs, prevention,early diagnosis, and treatment of these conditions are essential. In this article the Incidence,pathophysiology, risk factors and clinical course of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism are discussed, as well as the clinician role in prevention and treatment.

ISSN:1079-0713    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Falls are among the most common, yet potentially preventable, adverse events experienced by patients in hospitals. Such serious outcomes as physical and emotional injury, increased dependence, admission to a long-term care facility, and poor quality of life can result from falling Traditionally, elderly patients have been at highest risk for falling, with many falls resulting in serious injury. These injuries cost billions of dollars and expose hospital and their staff to liability. As the elderly population continues to increase, it is imperative that falls and associated injuries be prevented whenever possible. Identification of nontraditional patients at high risk for falls is emerging in the professional literature. Nurses are the first tine of care in prevention of falls. Educating nurses about risk factors, prevention strategies and application of fall index and fall injury statistics can improve the safely of fall-prone patients. Refining, modifying, and individualizing fall risk factors and prevention interventions for traditional and nontraditional high-risk groups is a necessary focus for future research.

ISSN:1079-0713    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID