摘要:

AbstractThe functional and biochemical heterogeneity of platelets has been studied using graded differential centrifugation to fractionate human platelets according to size while maintaining their morphological and functional integrity as indicated by scanning electron microscopy and content of β‐thromboglobulin. Aggregation kinetics were studied by both optical and quenched‐flow methods involving single‐particle counting. Large platelets were significantly more sensitive to ADP, but aggregated less rapidly than small platelets. Thrombin exerted a similar influence. Large platelets were also enriched in surface sialic acid and sulfhydryl groups and in internal glycogen, ATP, ADP, calcium, cyclic AMP, malonaldehyde, and succinate cytochrome c reductase when compared to small platelets, even when normalized per unit volume. ADP caused a more rapid breakdown of cyclic AMP in small platelets.Potential aging relationships were tested by isotope studies in rats.75Se‐selenomethionine was incorporated in vivo at a similar rate into all fractions. Large platelets labeled with51Cr disappeared from circulation linearly and had a longer mean lifespan than small platelets, which disappeared exponentially. This behavior supports independent aging of platelet populations of differing size.The data suggest a distinct heterogeneity in platelet function and fate, which could derive from protection of large platelets against excessive activation by Ca2+‐regula

ISSN:0361-8609    

DOI:10.1002/ajh.2830210102

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTwenty patients with hypocellular bone marrow and increased blasts (HBMIB) were reviewed. The median age was 60 years with a male:female ratio of 17: 3. History of alcohol abuse was noted in 30%, potential exposure to toxic chemicals in 20%, second malignancies in 20%, and aplastic anemia in 25%. Pancytopenia with marrow hypocellularity and increased marrow blast cells were characteristic hematopathologic features. Marrow hypocellularity was moderate to severe (>25%) in over half of the cases and mild to moderate (>25,>35%) in the remainder. Blast cells were the predominant cellular elements in the marrow displaying scanty to moderate amounts of cytoplasm, round to oval nuclei, and one or more nucleoli. Special stains were performed in 19 cases. Blast cells morphologically displayed myeloid features, but Sudan black B and/or peroxidase positivity was noted in only ten patients. The overall mortality was high, especially in patients undergoing chemotherapy. At 1 year follow‐up, 11 patients had received chemotherapy and eight of these eleven were dead compared to three of nine patients dead in those not receiving chemotherapy. Only two patients developed „overt”︁ leukemia evidenced by hypercellular marrow and over 30% blast cells in the peripheral blood. HBMIB is a distinct clinicopathologic entity characterized by severe marrow failure and a low response rate to chemo

ISSN:0361-8609    

DOI:10.1002/ajh.2830210103

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn this study, we evaluated lymphocyte subpopulations in 23 adults with SCA. When compared to controls, SCA patients had higher lymphocyte counts with normal numbers of T101+ cells (T‐lymphocytes) and T4 + cells. T8+ cells were significantly increased in SCA patients in comparison to controls (1684 ± 243 vs 980 ± 367, p<.001). This increment was largely dependent on a T101 ‐, T8+ cell population. The SCA patients as a group had significantly decreased T4/T8 ratio (p<.0001). The SCA patients with history of blood transfusions had higher T4+ cells numbers and higher T4/T8 ratio, but no other significant differences from nontransfused patients were noted. Our results are different from those reported for nontransfused children with SCA who showed normal T4/T8 ratio.Thus, a distinct pattern of abnormalities is seen in the lymphocyte subpopulations of adult SCA patients, unrelated to their exposure to blood transfu

ISSN:0361-8609    

DOI:10.1002/ajh.2830210104

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFour cases of de novo acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) with early eosinophilic differentiation are described. The clinical course did not differ from that of the usual forms of ANLL. Morphologic and cytochemical features that can support this diagnosis are discussed. Particularly, the cyanide‐resistant peroxidase stain appeared to be a specific marker of eosinophilic differentiation. Acute eosinophilic leukemia is a distinct entity, and this unusual subtype of ANLL can be set apart from other forms of ANLL characterized by hypereosinophili

ISSN:0361-8609    

DOI:10.1002/ajh.2830210105

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn identical chromosome abnormality, which appears to be derived from a 1;7 translocation [ +der(1), t(1;7)(p11;p11)], was observed in the bone marrow of 12 patients with various hematologic disorders at the Mayo Clinic from 1980 to 1984. At the time of cytogenetic evaluation, nine of the patients had either a myeloproliferative disorder or a myelodysplastic syndrome, one had an acute leukemia, and two had treated multiple myeloma with no morphologic evidence of evolving myeloproliferative disease. Of the 11 patients for whom information about previous therapy was available, seven had a history of exposure to chemotherapy for a previous malignant disorder; we were unable to establish whether the remaining patient had had prior treatment. This study suggests a possible relationship between +der(1), t(1;7)(p11;p11) and some treatment‐induced hematologic disorders. Such chromosome abnormalities may be the result of a reciprocal chromatid translocation and adjacent I segregation of a quadriradial configuration in metaphas

ISSN:0361-8609    

DOI:10.1002/ajh.2830210106

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDistribution of59Fe into various bone groups of the complete murine skeleton was studied using two methods of dividing up the bones: 1) our previously reported technique of simply cutting up a skinned, eviscerated carcass and 2) separating bones from skeletons cleaned of overlying tissue by beetles, Dermestes species. The total percentage of injected59Fe recovered in the sum of all skeletal parts, the percentage of total skeletal59Fe found in each bone group, and the overall accuracy of determining these values were quite similar for the two techniques. The only statistically significant difference shown was a modest decrease in the percentage of total skeletal iron found in ribs plus sternum plus cervical and thoracic spine in beetle‐cleaned as compared to cut up groups and we would not consider this to be of biological significance. Cutting up carcasses is the simpler of the two techniques but there are circumstances in which beetle digestion would be advantageous.In addition, we collected data on the reproducibility and precision of determining the percentage of59Fe injected which is found in a „pulled off”︁ foreleg plus scapula and of the distribution of59Fe within three cut up pieces from the leg and within the scapula. These data can be used as a measure of overall changes in marrow mass and/or distribution, or at least they can be used as a screening procedure to detect such. This simple procedure adds potentially useful values for fully interpreting hematopoietic changes in th

ISSN:0361-8609    

DOI:10.1002/ajh.2830210107

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe purine metabolic enzymes adenosine deaminase (ADA), purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP), and 5′nucleotidase (5NT) play an important role in normal lymphocyte differentiation. Abnormal levels of one or all of these enzymes have been associated with immunodeficiency diseases and lymphoproliferative disorders. ADA, PNP, and 5NT activity was measured in peripheral blood T cells from 24 patients with Hodgkin disease (HD) (12 in complete remission and 12 with active disease) to determine whether an association existed between enzyme abnormalities and the decreased cellular immune function previously described in this disorder. HD patients had a significantly decreased absolute lymphocyte count (1,618 ± 1107/mm3; mean ± SD) compared to controls (2,320 ± 980; p<.001). ADA, PNP, and NT activity was assessed in lymphocyte extracts by measuring the conversion of radiolabeled substrates to products over time. ADA activity expressed as mean ± SEM nanomoles/106lymphocytes/hr was significantly decreased in T cells from HD patients (84.6 ± 7.5) compared to controls (128 ± 12.3; p<0.025). Likewise, 5NT was significantly decreased in HD patients (12.7 ± 1.3) compared to controls (24.0 ± 3.6; p<.005). There was not a significant difference in PNP activity between both groups. Low 5NT activity was present irrespective of whether patients had active disease (12.1 ± 1.5) or were in unmaintained complete remission (14.5 ± 2.4). These findings suggest that biochemical abnormalities may be responsible for or related to the persistent abnormalities in T‐cell function noted throughout the clinical

ISSN:0361-8609    

DOI:10.1002/ajh.2830210108

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe investigated the influence of the poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase inhibitor 3‐aminobenzamide (ABA) on induction of phenotypic markers of granulocyte differentiation by retinoic acid and markers of macrophage differentiation by TPA in HL‐60 cells. The differentiation of HL‐60 cells towards the granulocyte lineage was assessed by hexose monophosphate shunt activity, proportion of cells capable of reducing NBT dye, and the appearance of recognizable neutrophils and bands. The effect of ABA and retinoic acid on NBT dye reduction and appearance of mature neutrophils and bands was synergistic, whereas the effects of these agents on hexose monophosphate shunt activity were additive. The differentiation inducing capacity of ABA in the presence of retinoic acid was dose‐related. The influence of ABA on TPA‐induced markers of macrophage differentiation was assessed by determining the proportion of adherent cells produced after treatment and by measuring acid phosphatase activity in the adherent cell fraction. In the presence of ABA, the number of cells adhering to plastic declined after day 2 of exposure to TPA, and acid phosphatase activity in adherent cells was inhibited fourfold (p = 0.01). The influence of ABA on the phenotypic markers of granulocyte and macrophage differentiation was detectable at concentrations that were not cytotoxic. The influence of ABA on HL‐60 differentiation is similar to that previously reported for human bone marrow CFU‐GM. Our data suggest that poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase plays a role in differentiation of HL‐60 cells and that HL‐60 might provide a useful model for evaluating control mechanisms involved in the diff

ISSN:0361-8609    

DOI:10.1002/ajh.2830210109

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPost‐transfusion purpura (PTP) with severe thrombocytopenia occurred eight days after transfusion in a 28‐year‐old woman and responded to treatment with prednisone and plasma exchange. In contrast to nearly all previously studied cases of PTP, the patient's platelets were PIAI‐positive and anti‐PIAIantibody could not be detected in serum obtained during the thrombocytopenic episode. Her serum was found to contain an antibody specific for a recently described platelet‐specific alloantigen, Baka, in addition to multiple HLA‐specific antibodies. The patient's platelets, typed following recovery, were Baka‐negative. These findings indicate that post‐transfusion purpura can occur in association with alloimmunization to platelet‐specific antigens other than PIAI.In performing the serologic studies, a close relationship and possible identity between Bakaand another recently reported platelet antigen, Leka, was observed. A method for analyzing mixtures of cytotoxic platelet‐reactive antibodies without separating the individual an

ISSN:0361-8609    

DOI:10.1002/ajh.2830210110

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAlthough it is well recognized that granulocytic sarcoma can cause localized lymphadenopathy, widespread nodal involvement by acute myelocytic leukemia (AML), clinically mimicking non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma, has only been previously described twice. We report the clinicopathological, immunological, and cytochemical features of two patients who had widespread, prominent lymphadenopathy secondary to AML as well as concurrent marrow leukemia (M1 and M2). For one patient the lymphadenopathy was the predominant abnormality prompting him to seek medical attention, while the second patient had symptoms of infection following a 9‐month history of myelodysplasia. The disease in both patients was aggressive; one patient survived only 1 week and the other survived only 5 weeks after diagnosis. In both cases the granulocytic sarcoma was confirmed by cytochemistry studies (naphthol ASD‐chloroacetate esterase on tissue sections and myeloperoxidase on imprint smears), and electron microscopy, including morphology (both cases) or ultrastructural localization of myeloperoxidase (case 2). Non‐specific esterase activity was not detected in either patient's blasts, although serum lysozyme was elevated in both cases. Immunological studies revealed reactivity of both patients' cells with panleukocyte, MY4, MY7, OKM‐1, and Leu‐M1 monoclonal antibodies and with alpha‐1‐antitrypsin and muramidase antibodies. The cells of one of these patients also reacted wtih anti‐S‐100 protein. Although the cytochemical studies indicated that both cases exhibited only myeloid differentiation, the immunological markers suggested that the tumor cells possessed some features of monocytes, perhaps explaining their propensity for widespread tumor formation. Morphological, immunological, cytochemical, and ultrastructural methods of diagnosing granulocytic sa

ISSN:0361-8609    

DOI:10.1002/ajh.2830210111

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY