摘要:

This article contrasts the standard model of consumer choice of economics with three different theoretical perspectives – biological, ecological and cultural – in the context of food choice and origin of preferences. Biological and ecological frameworks seem to be in accordance with economic theory assuming stable preferences, while cultural theories are more critical about the premises of rational choice model. It seems, however, that many aspects of the ambiguous choice settings in modern society ask for an even more critical attitude towards optimization models. This study raises a number of methodologically oriented questions concerning the nature of the premises of the choice theory: Are these premises metahistorical and universal? Can they be assessed in the light of the findings of other fields of science? Can the assumption of stable preference be seen as irrelevant regarding the phenomena studied by economics? Is this just a simplification made for the purpose of explaining certain phenomena, or perhaps only an assumption that will be replaced by a more realistic one as research advan

ISSN:0309-3891    

DOI:10.1111/j.1470-6431.1996.tb00232.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The traditional main meal served in New Zealand households has been based on that of the British, i.e. a meat‐based main course that includes potatoes and other vegetables followed by a dessert. In recent years consumption figures for meat suggest that New Zealanders are making changes in their diets. This study investigates whether this change has involved a change for New Zealanders in the format of their meal. It also examines the factors that influence meal choices. It was found that cultural traditions are strongly associated with meal format and that the meal format varies most for those who hold strong ecological beliefs. This finding suggests that nutrition educators attempting to bring about changes in a population's diet should institute changes within accepted meal format

ISSN:0309-3891    

DOI:10.1111/j.1470-6431.1996.tb00233.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Empirical relationship between concepts from two important bodies of family literature are examined: home production from resource management, and cohesion and adaptability from literature on family relationships. Applying an input – output–throughput family systems perspective, indirect association of resource and demand variables and direct association of home food production variables were examined with respect to family cohesion and adaptability. Multivariant correlations of home food production frequency with family cohesion and family adaptability were statistically significant and positive. This positive relationship was further strengthened among respondents who reported home food production activity as being meaningful to their fam

ISSN:0309-3891    

DOI:10.1111/j.1470-6431.1996.tb00234.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper describes the results of a qualitative research study that sought the views of consumers about using restaurants as a setting for health promotion and, specifically, for providing low‐fat healthy food choices. As health promotion has evolved from a major focus on individual change toward a greater focus on the environments in which people live, work and recreate, restaurants in Australia are now being targeted as appropriate organizations for change. Consumers in this study expressed cautious interest in the idea. However, it was clear that their prime motivation for choosing a restaurant and a restaurant meal did not lie with healthy food considerations. Instead, issues such as cost, personal preference and hygiene appeared to be more importan

ISSN:0309-3891    

DOI:10.1111/j.1470-6431.1996.tb00235.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The Co‐operative Movement has always seen itself as championing consumers' interests. However, its importance has declined over the years as it has struggled to reorganize itself to meet modern retailing needs, the latest example concerning the difficulties involved in merging the two largest retail co‐operative societies, CRS and CWS. This article uses a survey of co‐operative directors to throw light on some of the issues involved. It is argued that the Co‐op's best hope lies in differentiating itself from its competitors by an emphasis on basic values. But the Co‐op has difficult obstacles to overcome and further decline see

ISSN:0309-3891    

DOI:10.1111/j.1470-6431.1996.tb00236.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In many societies unsustainable consumption patterns are currently being recognized as a critical problem receiving increasing public attention. Communities in many parts of the world are responding to United Nations Agenda 21 by attempting to increase public awareness about the necessity of increasing recycling, by increasing fees and taxes on products that are harmful to the environment, by introducing re‐use systems, and by changing legislation. These are just a few examples of the kinds of measures that are being employed in an attempt to move towards an ecocyclic society. This article reports a case study from a Swedish municipality, Varberg, and the focus is on the relationship between household routines related to purchases of everyday commodities and waste management. In 1994, Varberg introduced a weight‐based billing system for household waste and at the same time a green shopping campaign was launched by the authorities. The article reports findings from a study of 39 households, located in two different areas, a town area with rented apartments and a suburban area with owner occupied, one‐family houses. Data have been obtained through interviews and weighing of household waste. Results show that there are important differences between these areas with respect to awareness of the information launched in the campaign, knowledge of the goals of the campaign and in the manners in which dwellers felt affected by the message conveyed. Households in the suburban area, for instance, had a better knowledge of green labels and what they stand for. There are also clear differences in concrete actions that can be taken by those living in the two areas. In the area with rented apartments, weight‐based billing for the individual household is not possible, nor is composting a viable alternative. For the suburban families living in their own houses, there are a broad set of measures that could be taken to modify purchase behaviours and waste management towards more environmentally friendly alter

ISSN:0309-3891    

DOI:10.1111/j.1470-6431.1996.tb00237.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to determine concentrations of detergent residues in textiles washed with three types of detergents. One detergent contained phosphate. In the other two (concentrated or ecological detergents) phosphate had been replaced by zeolite, which contains silicates. The textiles were washed using two programmes for coloured materials (at 60°C). The programmes differed with regard to volume of rinse water and number of rinsings. Detergent residues in textiles were determined chemically. Zeolite particles were determined electron microscopically. The results showed that most of the detergent residues remaining in textile strips were anionic tensides. They increased in proportion to the quantity of detergent used for washing. The least residues were left by concentrated detergents. Anionic tensides are suspected of causing skin irritation, probably allergy in atopic persons. Zeolite particles may irritate skin mechanically or cause through irritation respiratory distress. Washing programmes using less rinse water than other programmes increased detergent residues by 30%. It is concluded that there is a positive linear relationship between concentration of detergent and residues in textiles, and a negative linear relationship between water volume and residues in textiles after laundering. This could be of considerable importance from a health point of view and should be evaluated before any detergent is marketed. A methodology combining different standardized methods for analysing detergent residues in textiles was developed in this study

ISSN:0309-3891    

DOI:10.1111/j.1470-6431.1996.tb00238.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Woven and nonwoven blankets were compared before and after five launderings. Laundering was associated with enhanced thermal insulation effectiveness, which was related to structural changes. Both woven and nonwoven blankets provided improved thermal insulation after laundering, with the most significant improvements in thermal insulation occurring among the nonwovens. With respect to dimensional stability, structural changes, and thermal insulation, the nonwovens were found to be equivalent or superior to the wovens after five launderings.

ISSN:0309-3891    

DOI:10.1111/j.1470-6431.1996.tb00239.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY