摘要:

Decision groups have assumed new and expanded roles as a result of the application of electronic technologies such as group DSS. The rational selection and assignment of members to a computer‐supported group is an important research issue with significant implications for organizational effectiveness. Formal group‐composition models are developed for knowledge‐based and coalition‐formation decision tasks. In the context of these models, group properties of synthesis, redundancy, and synergy are defined and related to concepts for rational selection of group members. Conceptual and operational constructs are presented, providing a practical foundation for initiating detailed analysis of interactions between group‐composition and group‐decision processes. Implications for future research are discussed.

ISSN:1054-1721    

DOI:10.1080/10919399209540185

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This study set out to empirically research the time spent by managers in meetings and to identify the requirements of an information technology system for supporting meetings. It does this by investigating the time commitment, efficiency, main problems, and benefits of meetings. In addition, it examines managers’ attitudes towards information technology support for meetings. To fulfill this aim, more than 1,000 mainly middle level managers were surveyed.

ISSN:1054-1721    

DOI:10.1080/10919399209540186

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Advances in computer and communication technologies have stimulated the integration of digital video and audio with computing, leading to the development of various computer‐assisted collaborations. In this article, we propose a multilevel conferencing paradigm calledsuper conferencefor supporting collaborative interactions between geographically separated groups of users, with each group belonging to possibly a different organization. In a super conference, each participant must receive and display the composite media stream obtained by mixing media streams transmitted by all the other participants. Hierarchical communication architectures are naturally suited for media mixing in super conferences. We present algorithms for designing hierarchical mixing architectures that optimize real‐time end‐to‐end delays of media. In order to improve their real‐time performance further, we proposemultistage mixingtechniques by which mixers can carry out mixing concurrently with communication. Surprisingly, the optimal architectures for multistage mixing are widely different from those ofmonostage mixing(in which, mixing and media communication sequential as opposed to concurrent). Based on real‐time delay constraints of multimedia, we obtain interesting limits on the sizes of both super conferences and groups within super conferences in optimal hierarchical architectures, which go to show their high scalability in terms of both the maximum number of participants and the geographical separation between them.

ISSN:1054-1721    

DOI:10.1080/10919399209540187

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Finding a previously unknown person with the skills and knowledge to answer a question or perhaps to collaborate with is an effective use of a computer‐mediated communication (CMC) system. This article discusses two aspects of systems for finding people, system architectures, and organizational implications.

ISSN:1054-1721    

DOI:10.1080/10919399209540188

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Reviewing Notes, or any groupware program, highlights the changing nature of software evaluation. Early reviews, for example, Press (1980), emphasized a program's features, efficiency (memory and storage requirements and speed), and user interface. These have all diminished in importance. With multiple revisions, the feature sets and efficiency of commercial programs for a given application have become relatively similar, and direct‐manipulation user interfaces like the Macintosh and Windows have reduced the differences among the user interfaces of programs.

ISSN:1054-1721    

DOI:10.1080/10919399209540189

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

It is widely held that computer‐mediated communication (CMC) filters out many of the social and affective cues associated with human interaction with consequent effects on communication outcomes and the medium's suitability for interpersonal tasks. The relationship between paralanguage and social perception in CMC in different social contexts is investigated in two experiments. In Study 1, it was hypothesized that there would be significant differences in subjects’ perceptions of anonymous communicators as a function of the paralinguistic content of the electronic mail messages they received. Subjects read three sets of messages containing different types of paralinguistic cues and a fourth set of control messages. They also completed a set of person‐perception rating scales in respect of each message sender. The hypothesis was supported for both novice electronic mail users and for experienced users drawn from a large telecommunications organization. In Study 2, subjects participated in group discussions over a CMCS under four conditions, manipulated in a 2 × 2 between‐subjects design. The salience of the task group was either high or low, and subjects were either de‐individuated (physically isolated and visually anonymous) or individuated (physically copresent and visually identifiable). From social identity theory, it was hypothesized that de‐individuated subjects for whom group identity had been made salient would evaluate users of paralanguage more positively than when group salience was low, in accordance with a social attraction response associated with perceptions of group identity. The hypothesis was supported. The results suggest that paralanguage is one means by which social information is communicated in CMC and that the meaning of paralinguistic marks is dependent on the group or individual context that is pre‐established for the communication. The studies, therefore, question earlier assumptions that the social context is dramatically reduced or eliminated in this medium. The implications of contextual effects for the use of CMC by work groups in organizations are discussed.

ISSN:1054-1721    

DOI:10.1080/10919399209540190

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:1054-1721    

DOI:10.1080/10919399209540184

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor