ISSN:1069-3629    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6592.1989.tb01114.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1069-3629    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6592.1989.tb01115.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1069-3629    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6592.1989.tb01116.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1069-3629    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6592.1989.tb01117.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1069-3629    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6592.1989.tb01118.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1069-3629    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6592.1989.tb01119.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1069-3629    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6592.1989.tb01120.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1069-3629    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6592.1989.tb01121.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractReinjection of untreated ground water during hydrocarbon recovery operations provides for economical water handling and can accelerate the recovery of the free hydrocarbons. However, considering current regulatory trends, water containing dissolved hydrocarbon constituents would require treatment prior to reinjection into the aquifer. The disposal of coproduced ground water is dependent on several factors, including the volume of water, level of treatment required, and availability of disposal options. Disposal options include reinjection, discharge to surface water, and beneficial use. This paper presents treatment and disposal options for coproduced water during hydrocarbon recovery operations including cost comparisons for a particular case study.Treatment technologies for oil/water separation, inorganics and heavy metals removal, and dissolved hydrocarbon removal are presented. The primary technologies discussed for dissolved hydrocarbon removal include air stripping, activated carbon adsorption, biological treatment, and combinations of these technologies. Consideration of the use of existing refinery waste water treatment facilities for ground water treatment should be encouraged where applicable. However, separate treatment facilities are usually required because the use of existing on‐site treatment facilities is usually not feasible because of the volume of water produced during large recovery projects and the effectiveness of existing treatment facilities. A specific case example is presented with costs for applying different technologies including the use of existing on‐site facilities. Treatment costs ranged between 44 cents to $2.82 per thousand gallons (11 cents to 75 cents per thousand liters) of water treated for the specific technologies examined her

ISSN:1069-3629    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6592.1989.tb01122.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEnhanced subsurface biorestoration is rapidly becoming recognized as a valuable tool for the restoration of hydrocarbon‐contaminated aquifers and sediments. Previous field and laboratory studies at a former wood creosoting facility near Conroe, Texas, have indicated that insufficient oxygen is the primary factor limiting the biotransformation of polynuclear aromatics (PNAs) in sediments and ground water at this site. A series of laboratory experiments and field push‐pull injection tests were performed as part of this project to: (1) study the effect of low oxygen concentrations on the biotransformation of PNAs; (2) identify the minimum concentration of PNAs that could be achieved through the addition of oxygen alone; (3) confirm that enhanced subsurface biorestoration is feasible at this site; and (4) test an existing numerical model of the biotransformation process (BIOPLUME). The laboratory studies demonstrated that biotransformation of the PNAs was not inhibited at dissolved oxygen concentrations as low as 0.7 mg/L although this work did suggest that there may be a minimum PNA concentration of 30 to 70 μg/L total PNAs below which biotransformation was inhibited. The field push‐pull tests confirmed that addition of oxygen was effective in enhancing the subsurface biodegradation of the PNAs. The minimum concentration achieved using oxygen alone was approximately 60 μg/L total PNAs. Minimal biotransformation of these compounds was observed without oxygen addition. The numerical model BIOPLUME was tested against monitoring data from the field experiments and appears to provide a good approximation of the biodegradation

ISSN:1069-3629    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6592.1989.tb01123.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY