ISSN:1363-1950    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The free radical theory of the aging process is based on the hypothesis that with increasing age, mutations of the mitochondrial DNA will accumulate and will at least lead to a loss of function with subsequent acceleration of cell death. Even if this theory is widely accepted, the reactive-oxygen-species-induced mutations of mitochondrial DNA, the accumulation of mitochondrial DNA and the role of antioxidants are not fully understood. Based on this theory, supplements with unproven mixtures of antioxidants or hormones, such as melatonin with antioxidant properties, are widely recommended and cover a big market. However, we are far away from understanding their specific role and we have to consider that, based on the free radical theory of aging, the balance of antioxidants and prooxidants in both directions is of importance in maintaining the physiological function of both reactive oxygen species and antioxidants.

ISSN:1363-1950    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1363-1950    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The elderly population is the most rapidly growing segment of our population. This group utilizes the highest proportion of medical care of any age group. Comprehensive geriatric assessment involves the evaluation of the physical, psychosocial and environmental factors that impact on the well-being of older individuals. The use of an organized approach with objective measurements helps target key areas of functional status. Important areas include the evaluation of activities of daily living, cognition, mood, social supports, gait and falls, nutrition, sensory impairments, incontinence, polypharmacy, elder abuse, pressure sores, pain, and advance directives. The provision of primary and secondary prevention is also increasingly important for older individuals. The components of a successful geriatric assessment program are outlined, with suggestions to improve compliance.

ISSN:1363-1950    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Herein modern body composition techniques are described, and the uses to which they are put are set forth. They have increased our knowledge of the human growth process as well as the effects of disease, hormones, and nutrition. In essence they provide for a bloodless dissection of the human body.

ISSN:1363-1950    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Not only is there a high prevalence of malnutrition among the elderly admitted to hospital and other institutions, but nutritional status seems to decline during admission, not only as a result of disease but also problems with catering and feeding policies, which are not well-geared to the needs of the sick. This results in high food wastage rates and inadequate macro- and micronutrient intakes to meet requirements. In the elderly, decreased portion size and increased energy, protein and micronutrient density have been shown to be effective in decreasing wastage and improving intake. Other strategies for improving intake are reviewed, including a better environment, a reduction in drugs causing anorexia, help with eating, and less interruption of meals by procedures and ward rounds. Targets for nutritional intake and aims of feeding are reviewed.

ISSN:1363-1950    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Many percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy patients are very elderly and frail. Outcomes after percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy have been disappointing in some instances: about a fifth of patients are dead within 30 days of the procedure and those that survive often have a severely impaired functional status. Many healthy elderly persons would not wish for tube feeding especially in the context of advanced dementia. Despite this the number of patients receiving percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy continues to increase. The case mix, outcomes and ethical issues of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy feeding are reviewed. Guidance on selection of appropriate patients is given.

ISSN:1363-1950    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1363-1950    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Liver protein synthesis is usually estimated in humans by measuring the synthesis rates of major exported liver proteins. Among these, the synthesis rates of albumin and fibrinogen have been more commonly studied. Recently, it was reported that several physiological stimuli such as physical exercise followed by recovery in the upright position, active and passive ascent to high altitude or life-style habits like vegetarian diet or smoking affect the synthesis rates of albumin and fibrinogen. Among disease states, the most recent literature addresses the effects of kidney diseases (hemodialysis, nephrotic syndrome), type 2 diabetes mellitus and growth hormone administration to critically ill patients and to patients undergoing laparoscopic colecystectomy. The results of these studies have clarified several aspects of the regulation of liver protein synthesis in humans and raise open questions that will stimulate the future research in the area.

ISSN:1363-1950    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Nephrotic patients show various abnormalities in protein kinetics. Plasma albumin levels and the total plasma albumin pool are reduced. The rate of hepatic absolute and fractional albumin synthesis are increased. Trasferrin synthesis is also increased. Fibrinogen levels are elevated in nephrotic syndrome because of an increase in the hepatic synthesis. Regulation of albumin and fibrinogen synthesis seems to be coordinated. A low protein diet has been proposed as a therapeutic tool in nephrotic patients - clinical studies have shown that such a diet reduces proteinuria and increases renal survival. Nephrotic patients can adapt to moderate protein restriction with no sign of malnutrition and maintenance of a neutral nitrogen balance. Albumin and fibrinogen synthesis are ameliorated by dietary protein restriction and these changes are correlated with the beneficial effect of the diet on proteinuria.

ISSN:1363-1950    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID