ISSN:1062-7995    

DOI:10.1002/pip.4670020102

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractState‐of‐the‐art two‐dimensional (2D) numerical semiconductor device simulation tools are applied to bifacially contacted silicon solar cells of practical dimensions in order to investigate the 2D effects arising from ohmic voltage drops in cell emitters due to finite front metal grid line spacings. the 2D simulations show that for typical front finger spacings of high‐efficiency silicon solar cells the minority carrier flow in the base deviates strongly from the purely linear flow assumed by one‐dimensional (1D) theory. Compared to conventional 1D theory, this 2D effect results in reduced emitter sheet resistivity losses, an increased optimum front finger spacing and a reduced impact of finger spacing on cell efficiency. the 2D effects are of particular importance for concentrator solar cells.The 2D simulations presented in this work considerably improve the general understanding of internal device physics of high‐efficiency silicon solar cells and reveal the limits of 1D models for the simulation of

ISSN:1062-7995    

DOI:10.1002/pip.4670020103

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe influence of the point spacing and size on the cell efficiency is studied for different silicon solar cell structures with local rear contacts: the PERC (passivated emitter and rear cell) with its high recombination at the rear contacts and the LBSF (local back surface field) or PERL (passivated emitter and rear locally diffused) cell with reduced combination at the rear contacts due to a diffused high‐low junction (or LBSF) beneath the contacts. Float zone materials of different resistivities have been investigated.The experimental results are explained by three‐dimensional finite difference simulations for the open‐circuit voltage, the short‐circuit current and the fill

ISSN:1062-7995    

DOI:10.1002/pip.4670020104

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTabulations of confirmed efficiencies for a range of photovoltaic cell and module technologies are updated to include recent results (since mid‐1993). Also described are the results of two informal ‘round‐robin’ comparisons of cell and module measurements from a representative sampling of the designated test centres participating in the compilation of these

ISSN:1062-7995    

DOI:10.1002/pip.4670020105

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA reflectometric technique has been developed for diagnostic monitoring of a photovoltaic plant. Detailed information on the position and type of fault is inferred from the shape of the voltage waveforms resulting when a pulsed voltage excitation is applied to a string consisting of several series‐connected modules. When an open circuit or a short circuit to ground are occurring, direct reading of the results is obtained by means of a software tool performing numerical analysis of the digitized waveforms. Extensions of this approach to the case of parallel‐connected strings, as well as to the cases of a loaded plant and no illumination, are discus

ISSN:1062-7995    

DOI:10.1002/pip.4670020106

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWith the growing construction of large grid‐connected photovoltaic plants, the need to maximize energy collection and reduce costs is obvious. the use of tracking systems permits not only the maximization of energy collection but also a gain in the efficiency of DC to AC conversion. Nevertheless, when compared with stationary systems the literature points out some disadvantages, such as increased expense and more shadowing losses (or greater land area requirement). In this work we examine some alternatives regarding the electrical configuration of the panels for north‐south horizontal axis tracking. the choice of the best alternative produces similar results in terms of ground cover ratio, shadowing factor and costs when compared with stationary syst

ISSN:1062-7995    

DOI:10.1002/pip.4670020107

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper considers the use of photovoltaics to power rural petroleum service stations, or as a back‐up for urban service stations where power supply from the national grid is rather erratic in a developing country like Nigeria. Issues concerning system design, choice of components and the economic considerations of such a conceptualized system are also discussed. the payback period based on simple payback analysis is about 5 years. It is envisaged that the service station will also provide facilities such as cathodic protection for storage tanks, battery charging and distilled water productio

ISSN:1062-7995    

DOI:10.1002/pip.4670020108

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractVarious photovoltaic (PV)‐powered battery storage configurations are analysed to determine if the percentage of available energy stored in the battery can be improved. Both deep‐cycle and shallow‐cycle lead‐acid batteries are considered. Computer simulation techniques are used to model the characteristics of the PV array, daily loads and environmental conditions. Three configurations were tested: one 60 ampere‐hour (Ah) battery, two 60 Ah batteries in parallel and two 60 Ah batteries that switch between the PV array and the load. Results show that the conventional PV‐powered configuration, where one battery is charged, wastes enormous amounts of energy by reaching a charged state while the PV array can still provide energy. A dual battery system enables the excess energy to be shunted into the battery under load while concurrently ensuring that one battery is constantly under charge until a full state of charge

ISSN:1062-7995    

DOI:10.1002/pip.4670020109

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn November 1993, over 50 solar cars left Darwin for the tortuous 3000 kilometre journey south across Australia to Adelaide. the top cars set a pace difficult for conventional vehicles to maintain. the winner, the Honda Dream, averaged 85 kilometres per hour (53 mph), with all top five place getters shattering the previous race record set by the General Motors (GM) Sunraycer in 1987. the improved performance was due to better aerodynamics, motor and power train efficiency and improved output power from the photovoltaic arrays on these cars. This report describes the race with emphasis on the solar cell and module technology used by the leading cars.

ISSN:1062-7995    

DOI:10.1002/pip.4670020110

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1062-7995    

DOI:10.1002/pip.4670020111

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY