摘要:

Studies of male or sexually unspecified populations have revealed loss of libido and decreased sexual function in patients with epilepsy taking antiepileptic drugs. The relative contributions of antiepileptic drugs, seizures, brain injury, and social factors have not been clearly delineated. We studied sexual activity in a group of females taking antiepileptic drugs, and defined a subgroup with pronounced hyposexuality.

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000284746

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In comparing 101 psychotic patients subtyped by DSM-III criteria into paranoia, schizophrenia, schizoaffective, and affective disorders, we failed to distinguish them on the basis of delusional and hallucinatory experiences. These ‘productive’, ‘positive’ or ‘irritative’ symptoms – which the literature tends to link with temporolimbic dysfunction – did not appear specifically linked to schizophrenia. By contrast, ‘negative’ or ‘deficit’ symptoms – which the literature tends to relate to frontal lobe dysfunction – appeared more specific – especially for the disorganized subtype of schizophrenia. Although these data tend to support Bleulerian over Schneiderian conceptualization of schizophrenia, the heterogeneity of neuropsychological deficits implied in the negative symptom complexes limits the nosologic utility of the rubri

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000284747

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

178 outpatients were administered to a structured interview evaluating diagnostic, illness history, and sociodemographic data of DSM-III-R anxiety disorders. Patients with panic disorder with agoraphobia were a more severely ill subgroup than patients with panic disorder without agoraphobia. Simple and social phobia had the earliest age at onset, panic disorder the latest age at onset. Conjugal stress was the most frequent event preceding the onset of the anxiety disorders. Female patients showed more severe impairment suffering more frequently from concomitant phobic avoidance, generalized anxiety, and depression compared to male patients.

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000284748

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Prevalence of hallucinations and delusions was studied in 1,763 patients with unipolar major depression, bipolar affective disorder, and schizoaffective disorder. The authors found that the presence of psychotic features was negatively associated with age of onset for the group as a whole, and bipolar affective disorder (manic or mixed type) specifically. The clinical implications of the findings are discussed.

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000284749

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Specific alterations of drive have been cited in the literature to separate mild depressive disorders belonging to the bipolar or endogenomorphic spectrum from depressive disorders of other origin. To test this hypothesis 44 patients with mild depressive disorder were studied longitudinally. Presence of inhibition of drive or thought predicted outcome in mania or melancholia. The data are interpreted as evidence for the spectrum concept of affective psychosis.

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000284750

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Subjects performed a signal discrimination task under four conditions: normal pace, accuracy, speed, and SATO (equal effort to speed and accuracy). Characteristically, schizophrenics demonstrated decreased accuracy, poorer compliance, increased total response time, and increased simple reaction time. Surprisingly, central processing time (decision time) was equivalent. Analysis of processing resource allocation identified significant group differences only under the SATO condition. Here, controls balanced attentional resources but patients worked almost exclusively for speed. Under conjoint performance conditions, patients apparently minimize categorical processing time at the expense of accuracy. These data are interesting as they identify specific circumstances under which schizophrenics manifest an attentional deficit.

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000284751

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Since few studies have focused on the diagnostic process foregoing a case record diagnosis of schizophrenia, the present study was undertaken with the aims to examine the time interval between the onset of the illness, the first admission as inpatient, and the timepoint of a case record diagnosis of schizophrenia. Further, the study aimed at analyzing the influence of demographic and clinical variables on an ‘early’ or ‘late’ diagnosis of schizophrenia. The records of 84 inpatients treated during the calendar year 1986, were retrospectively analyzed. Only 21.4 % of the patients had received a case record diagnosis of schizophrenia at their first admission into hospital, and additionally 16.7% after two admissions. Those patients with ‘early’ diagnosis differ significantly from patients with ‘late’ diagnosis, being more frequently men, having longer admission latency, higher frequency of Schneiderian first-rank and negative symptoms, a longer stay at hospital at their first admission, and lower levels of working capacity at the onset of the illness. The data suggest a propensity to include course and social functioning aspects of poor outcome in the diagnostic process. Confining the diagnosis of schizophrenia to the severe cases indicates a conservative, perhaps tautological, approach to

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000284752

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The validity of the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM-D) as a measure of depressive symptomatology in schizophrenic patients is questionable since it was not developed for this purpose, nor has it been validated in a schizophrenic population. Accordingly, 80 schizophrenic inpatients were administered the HAM-D, the 18-item Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), and the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) at drug-free baseline and after 4 weeks of neuroleptic treatment. The findings revealed that the HAM-D total score was nonspecific, while individual HAM-D subfactors provided a better index of various symptom complexes. The HAM-D contained a depressive factor that correlated strongly with the BPRS depression factor and a negative symptom factor that correlated strongly with the SANS and the BPRS negative symptom factor. These findings suggest the need to utilize specific assessment techniques rather than global measures when assessing depression in schizophrenia.

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000284753

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger