ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000283951

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000283952

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

After offering a brief survey of some major unresolved contradictions in the field of clinical psychiatry, the author looks over the historical development of syndromatological entities related to the so-called schizo-affective psychoses. These syndromes were described with reference to somatogenic, endogenous, and psychogenic psychoses and as (relatively) distinct entities, respectively. For grasping these syndromes as independent entities it seems to be necessary to take into account a few holistic characteristics and to put aside the ‘mixture model’ while making research diagnostic crite

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000283953

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Kurt Schneider’s concept recognizes an intermediate area between the two groups of the major psychoses: the ‘Zwischen-Fälle’, in translation ‘mid-cases’ or ‘cases in between’. We investigated 108 such cases, and we found that some features external to the symptomatology distinguished the ‘mid-cases’ or the ‘cases in between’ from schizophrenia and suggested particular similarities to the affective psychoses. Such external factors were: age, heredity, educational and occupational level, broken home situation, life events, and necessity fo

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000283954

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Schizo-affective psychoses are neither schizophrenias nor affective psychoses. What makes them particular are the pathological changes in emotions. As has already been pointed out by Wernicke in 1900, virtually all changes in the patient’s psychopathology are dependent on the actual degree of anxiety or other pathological emotions. But neither emotion nor even anxiety has ever been part of any psychiatric semiology. Although emotional psychoses – a term we would prefer instead of schizo-affective psychoses – are easy to diagnose, if the psychiatrist takes into consideration the pathology of emotions which we outline here, it seems unlikely that psychiatry is now more able to integrate these psychoses than it was 80 years ago. This can be put down to language problems, but there are also historical, symptomatical, methodological, and systematic reasons f

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000283955

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Schizo-affective psychoses lead more often to reintegration of the paranoid-hallucinatory pattern than schizophrenic psychoses. The author interprets schizo-affective psychoses in the light of his systematic psychopathology and concludes that excitation is intensified in comparison with cyclothymia. Ego destruction is more serious, but paranoid manifestations decrease in the course and emotional syndromes become more pronounced. Prognosis depends on the intensity of therapeutic efforts in the sense of psycho-pharmacological and supportive therapies and is not prestabilized.

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000283956

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The position taken in the 3rd edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM III), which holds that schizo-affective psychoses cannot be defined unequivocally, that no unambiguous criteria for these psychoses can be determined, and that they cannot be placed into either of the two main groups of functional psychoses, illustrates the present status of schizo-affective psychoses. The study of their position in relation to schizophrenia and manic-depressive psychoses is also essential: after all, the placing of a patient into either category plays a crucial role in the choice of treatment. For example, recent research on the success of lithium treatment in schizo-affective psychoses shows the practical relevance of this line of study. It seems that, like many other mental disorders, the internal structure of schizo-affective psychoses is highly heterogenous, and it is therefore not always possible to place them as a whole into either of Krae-pelin’s diagnostic categorie

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000283959

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

French clinicians unanimously reject the term ‘schizo-affective’ in favor of two specific French diagnostic categories: the ‘bouffees délirantes polymorphes, Magnan-type’ and the ‘dysthymic schizophrenias’. The present article presents the results of two recent nationwide investigations into French clinicians actual opinions and diagnostic practices in this field. It provides operational definitions based upon empirical diagnostic criteria and compares the two concepts with related concepts from o

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000283961

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The inclusion of schizo-affective type under schizophrenia in ICD-9 (9th revision of the international classification of diseases) and under psychotic disorders not elsewhere classified in DSM-3 (3rd edition of diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders), the absence of this term in the French classification, and its parallelism among Scandinavian writers with cycloid psychosis – all the above data reflect the present perplexity of schizo-affective disorders. Recent studies showed the presence of depressive symptoms in a large number of acute and chronic schizophrenias as an integral part of the schizophrenic process. The difficulty of differential diagnosis between mania and schizophrenia has added to our present dilemma. A review and discussion of the present status of the term ‘schizo-affective disorders’ are presented. A plea is made to abandon the dichotomy of functional psychosis with delineating ‘psychosis of unknown etiology’ into three or four categories (as this is no more fu

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000283963

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

From the Bonn study including 502 patients followed up an average 22.4 years after onset of schizophrenic disease diagnosed according to the criteria of K. Schneider, we selected 113 cases of schizo-affective, schizophreniform, and cycloid psychoses in accordance to the definitions given by Kasanin, Retterstøl, Angst, and Leonhard. These psychoses have a better prognosis than the whole sample: characteristic residues are seen more rarely, complete remissions and noncharacteristic residues more frequently. This group of psychoses differs from the whole sample in the hereditary taint, too: the morbidity risk with affective psychoses and with schizophrenic psychoses in first- and second-degree relatives is higher than in the total sample of the Bonn study. In spite of the better prognosis and other differences described in the paper, we believe that these results do not justify the classification of schizo-affective and related disorders as an independent disease group. Between these different subtypes of schizophrenia only a differential typology and not a differential diagnostic is possible

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000283964

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger