摘要:

The purpose of this paper is to revise the vulnerability model in the light of continental phenomenological psychopathology. Its main shortcomings, i.e. an insufficient assessment of basic phenomena and a blurred theory of subjectivity, are pointed out and improved by integrating the vulnerability model with the basic-symptom and intentionality theories. A clarification of the core property of schizophrenic basic phenomena – i.e. the loss of natural common sense – is achieved by means of the phenomenological methods of cognition. An analysis of the characteristics of major psychoses in terms of an excessive proneness (schizophrenia) or excessive resistance (manic-depressive illness) to the loss of natural common sense is carried out. This leads to an anthropological definition of psychoses as impairments of the dialectical movement between suspending common sense and conforming to it. The author’s opinion is that these achievements of the continental phenomenological psychopathology can find a pragmatic reference frame in the vulnerability model, suitable for the therapeutical intervention and empirical research strategies.

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000285022

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Within the ABC Schizophrenia Study, a large-scale investigation of the influences of age and gender on schizophrenia, the retrospective reports on emerging psychopathology during the early course of schizophrenia given by 171 post-psychotic patients and their significant others were compared in a representative first-admission sample by means of the Interview for the Retrospective Assessment of the Onset and Early Course of Schizophrenia. High agreement (kappa) between patients and relatives was found for substance abuse, suicidal behaviour, parental and marital role deficits, and paranoid delusions. Low positive agreement rates (sensitivity) were seen for perceptual and formal thought disorders. Low negative agreement rates (specificity) were found for depression, anxiety, and similar ‘unspecific’ symptoms. Relatives’ reports are helpful but should be used with caution.

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000285023

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The authors examined an autobiographical account of delusional misidentification found in Daniel Schreber’s Memoirs of My Mental Illness. It is argued that writers with a history of mental illness can provide unique and accurate descriptions of complex psychiatric phenomena. These descriptions can convey the subjective experience of psychopathology and aid our understanding of the mechanisms giving rise to phenomena such as delusional misidentification.

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000285024

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Two experimental paradigms were used to test for the presence of attentional bias in patients with panic disorders and social phobias. The results of the first experiment on the detection of visual probes employing the paradigm of MacLeod et al. indicate specific affects as a function of the physical or social emotional connotation of the probe words. Attention of patients with panic disorders was apparently restricted to words denoting physical threat. No effect related to the threatening connotation of words was observed for the social-phobia patients. In contrast, the control subjects presented an avoidance reaction for social-threat words. Experiment 2 showed an interference effect for words indicating physical threat in the panic disorder patients. However, the same subjects exhibited avoidance of social-threat words. The distractor effect for physical-threat words was only observed when these words were displayed in the left visual hemifield. This finding is interpreted as strengthening the hypothesis of a right-hemispheric specialization for the processing of words with emotional content.

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000285025

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Delusional repetitiveness as a peculiar form of delusional remembrance is very rare in the literature and has not been considered in detail. The author presents a schizophrenic case with delusional repetitiveness and considers its features and meaning in treatment. The patient’s feelings about a deadlock in treatment were substantiated in delusional repetitiveness. In repetitiveness, we should try to take a new look at the method of treatment and prepare ourselves for the interruption of treatment according to circumstances.

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000285026

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Self-perceived stress in 293 psychotic patients (schizophrenic, toxic and brief reactive psychoses) and a control group of 40 sane individuals was evaluated by means of the Frankfurt Complaint Questionnaire. For this purpose, scores obtained in 6 ‘complementary items’ of the third version of this questionnaire were studied, both in global and in detailed form. These items reflect coping mechanisms exerted towards situations perceived as stressful which can produce clinical manifestations similar to the well-known ‘negative symptoms’ of schizophrenia. Results show that self-perceived stress in all groups of patients is significantly higher than in the control group. In contrast, no significant differences among the three groups of patients are obtained. In conclusion, we point out the relevance of studying the psychotic patient’s self-perceived stress in order to detect and minimize or even avoid the patient’s risk situations, independent of his/her diagnosis. This will be especially useful to obtain optimal conditions for reh

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000285027

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

3 cases of early onset, severe eating disorder are described. These young children did not present a distorted body image even though they had suffered a great weight loss, were somatically distressed and in all other aspects fulfilled the criteria for anorexia nervosa. The criteria for anorexia nervosa are discussed for this group of young patients.

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000285028

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In order to evaluate the basic symptoms differences of schizophrenics, schizoaffectives and bipolar patients, a consecutive series of 72 outpatients participated in the study. According to DSM III-R criteria, 28 had a diagnosis of schizophrenia, 29 of bipolar disorder and 15 of schizoaffective disorder. The assessment of basic symptoms was performed using the Frankfurter Beschwerde-Fragebogen (FBF). Data obtained suggest that perception and thought disturbances are the most characteristic experiences of schizophrenic patients in comparison with bipolar patients. The FBF questionnaire did not highlight a characteristic basic symptoms profile of schizoaffective disorder, when compared with bipolar affective disorder and schizophrenia.

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000285029

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger